This study explored the relationships between geological substrate and the structural and compositional attributes of mixed beech ( Fagus sylvatica L.), fir ( Abies alba Mill.), and spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) forests on Mt. Konjuh in northeastern Bosnia and Herzegovina. Research was conducted on 81 experimental plots established across three dominant substrates: limestone, peridotite, and chert. Stand structure, diversity, and spatial organization were assessed using the Shannon diversity index, Pretzsch’s species profile index, Gini coefficient, and the Clark–Evans and Füldner indices. The analyses revealed consistent differences among substrates, suggesting that geological conditions influence forest structure and diversity. Higher diversity and vertical heterogeneity were generally associated with limestone, while stands on peridotite and chert exhibited simpler but more balanced structures. All forest types displayed a reverse J-shaped diameter distribution, indicating uneven-aged composition and ongoing natural regeneration. Spatial patterns showed a tendency toward clustering of beech and spruce and higher species mingling on limestone. Overall, mixed beech–fir–spruce forests on Mt. Konjuh appear to be stable ecosystems whose structure and diversity are shaped by an interplay of geological, edaphic, and ecological factors. The results highlight the relevance of site-specific and adaptive silvicultural approaches that account for local variability in substrate and stand conditions.

The main objectives of this study were to 1) assess the following quantitative urban green space (UGS) indicators: share of UGS, total UGS per capita, and the public UGS per capita for Sarajevo and its corresponding municipalities; 2) propose the minimum area of UGS per capita and the minimum functional UGS area per capita; and 3) discuss the methodological approach used and its applicability and relevance for UGS quantity and quality assessment. UGSs were photo-interpreted based on or-thophotos and Google Satellite images and mapped manually. The total UGS area for Sarajevo is 58.5 km², with continuous green spaces present in hilly and mountainous areas of the city, whereas more built-up zones are present in flat areas. The total public UGS per capita is 28.0 m², or 9.8 m² if forest parks are excluded. The results can help in better understanding UGSs in Sarajevo and can serve as a reference for decisionmakers and policymakers.

UDK: 574:502(497.6) With the geographical position and climate conditions it has, Bosnia and Herzegovinais a countryof unique life forms and biodiversity. The flora, fauna and fungi of Bosnia and Herzegovina are among the most diverse in Europe, and the high level of endemism and relict species provide for the country’s significance at the global biodiversity level (UNCBD, 2019). Since 2002, Bosnia and Herzegovina, as a party to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (UNCBD), has been following global trends of conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity. Followingthe Convention, among others, six national reports were developed, as well as the Strategy and Action Plan for Protection of Biological Diversity in Bosnia and Herzegovina (NBSAP) by 2020. These documents seek to ensure that protection and sustainable use of biodiversity become inevitable principles when relevant sectoral policies, strategies and legislation at all governmental levels of Bosnia and Herzegovina are being developed. In 2013, the Bosnian-Herzegovina Clearing House Mechanism (CHM) portal for sharing information on biodiversity was established within the global network CBD CHM. As a member country of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), Bosnia and Herzegovina actively represents and advocates for the interests of Eastern Europe. Bosnia and Herzegovina has made significant contribution to the preparation of a Regional and Sub-Regional Assessment for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services for Europe and Central Asia, which was adopted at the Sixth Plenary Session of IPBES (Medellin, Colombia, March 2018). In the context of regional and global cooperation, Bosnia and Herzegovina significantly contributes  to the organization of the workshop and the preparation of an Eastern European Action Document on Pollinators, Food Security and Rural Development, within BES-Net Trialogue. Bosnia and Herzegovina reaffirmed its commitment to the status of pollinators by accessing to the global Coalition of the Willing on Pollinators at the 6th IPBES Plenary Session.

The world agriculture uses about 70% of the world water resources in irrigation. The concern over the sustainability of water use as demand for agricultural, industrial, and domestic uses continues to increase. Conflicts between particular sectors result in tensions, which sometimes lead to “water wars” in different parts of the world. It is the reason why many national and international organizations are putting the water quantity and quality questions on the top of the world’s open questions/problems. The main aim of this paper is to present soil water balance of the Mediterranean region of Bosnia and Herzegovina, prepared for a long-term time series for two locations (Trebinje and Mostar) annually and during the vegetation period. The mean long-term data has been used as a base for future predicted calculation. The predicted PET was based on an increase in air temperature by 2°C and predicted decrease in precipitation by 25%. With so predicted calculated data of monthly PET and monthly precipitation the predicted soil water balance was done.

In Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) there are no available data on permanent losses of agricultural land and it is evident that all the research and professional and scientific literature still uses the information of annual land loss in the amount of 3,000 ha which, according to the available references, has been in use since 1977 (Resulović, 1977-2010). The subject of this scientific research is to investigate changes in the use of agricultural land in BiH, sectoral policies and factors affecting these changes as well as the quality of official data on land and land use change. Analyzed as part of this research were three sets of data: statistical data (1961-1991), cadastral records (1973-1991) and CORINE data on land cover changes (2000-2018). Researches have shown that trends in changes in total agricultural land by all categories of use were not linear and were considerably affected by the socioeconomic development and sectoral policies. This study has shown that total agricultural land, according to statistical records from 1961-1991, was reduced by 101,222 ha (3,374 ha/yr). Within the category of arable land, the biggest permanent losses were recorded in cropland and gardens, amounting to 207,823 ha or 6,927 ha/yr, while in some other categories within the arable land an increase was recorded. According to cadastral records for the period 1973-1991, the total decrease of agricultural land amounts to 58,186 ha (3,232 ha/yr). According to CORINE data, the reduction of agricultural land in the period 20002018 is 14,152 ha or 786 ha/yr.

Book – 18th Alps-Adria Scientific Workshop 36 Baseline indicators to achive Land Degradation Neutrality at the country level Melisa LJUŠA – Hamid ČUSTOVIĆ University of Sarajevo, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Zmaja od Bosne 8, 71000 Sarajevo, BiH, E-mail: melisa.ljusa@gmail.com