Već sedamdesetih godina dvadesetoga stoljeća razvijeni su prvi koncepti suvremenoga pojma medijske pismenosti. Nakon toga uslijedilo je nekoliko inicijativa da bi se bolje prepoznala važnost učenja i nužnost razvoja medijske pismenosti. Devedesetih godina dolazi do institucionalizacije medijske pismenosti i do definiranja osnovnih smjernica i elemenata potrebnih za razvoj i implementaciju medijske pismenosti u društvu. Otada pa sve do danas koncept medijske pismenosti ubrzano se mijenjao. Dinamičan i ubrzan razvoj informacijskih i komunikacijskih tehnologija, pojava novih medija i medijskih navika konzumenata doveli su do promjene samoga koncepta i razumijevanja medijske pismenosti. Dotad se medijska pismenost prepoznavala kao instrument za zaštitu konzumenata od negativnih medijskih poruka i sadržaja (najčešće djece i mladih), a potom i kao instrument za zaštitu konzumenata od tehnologije te kao preduvjet za bolju građansku participaciju. Danas tumačenje pojma medijske pismenosti promatramo i u zavisnosti od društva i konteksta u kojem se medijska pismenost koristi i na način kako se razvija. Prema tome, koncept i primjena u ovisnosti su o geografskom i tehnološkom pristupu medijima, a samim time i o evaluaciji i načinu na koji komuniciramo preko različitih medija. Stoga bi današnji koncept medijske pismenosti predstavljao oružje ili oruđe za borbu protiv negativnih medijskih sadržaja, manipulacije, lažnih vijesti, obmana, propagande, dezinformacija, a u svrhu kritičkoga i kreativnog izražavanja i bolje građanske participacije.

The present study was conducted to investigate the water quality of the Trstionica River, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The physicochemical properties (temperature, pH, conductivity, total solids after evaporation at 105 °C), content of metals (calcium (Ca), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), sodium (Na), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn)), and anions (chloride (Cl−), and phosphate (PO4)) were determined in water samples collected at seven locations during two sampling periods: unstable weather conditions (precipitation), and stable weather conditions (without precipitation). There was a significant difference in the content of individual parameters in the river water depending on the sampling time. For determination of metals concentrations, which were below the limit of detection, a preconcentration method using an ion-exchange resin was applied. The metals concentrations during the rainy day were in the order Ca > Mg > Na > Fe > Cu > Zn > Pb > Mn with mean values of 343, 6.03, 1.94, 0.18, 0.20, 0.03, 0.02, 0.01 mg dm−3, respectively, and during stable weather conditions: Ca > Mg > Na > Cu > Fe > Mn > Zn with mean values of 288, 7.62, 2.38, 0.11, 0.10, 0.01, 0.01 mg dm−3, respectively. Cd, Cr, and Ni concentrations were below limit of detection in both cases. Obtained values were compared with World Health Organization (WHO) regulations. The results showed that the Trstionica River in the investigated part of the stream meets most of the parameters required by the regulations. The correlation between analysed parameters was assessed, as well. Based on the calculated water quality index values, the water of Trstionica River falls into the category of excellent water.

Recent studies have been showed important role of elevated iron levels in pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2D) and insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to determine serum of free iron concentration in T2D patients and find out associations with lipid profile. The study included 51 participants (27 healthy control and 24 no treated diabetes patients), with ages from 45 to 65 45-65 ages and both gender. As expected, concentrations of serum iron were elevated in diabetic patients compare to healthy subjects while statistical significant difference were shown between iron levels in control group and group with good control of glycaemia (p<0.05). In addition, there was a significant positive correlation between free iron concentration and LDL cholesterol levels and negative significant correlation between iron concentrations with HDL cholesterol in diabetics (p<0.05). These findings suggest that increase serum of free iron concentrations may have an important role and influence in development of disease, especially in lipid metabolism and profile as well in risk of further complications of diabetes.

From the point of welding procedure evaluation, it is important to analyse welds for their impact toughness and transition temperature for three main zones: weld metal, heat-affected zone and base metal. This paper covers butt welds of two QT steel grades, 690 and 890, with thicknesses of 30 mm and 20 mm, respectively. They are interesting regarding yield strength and characteristic weld zones. Basic details of GMAW process used in experiment are provided, with temperatures for impact toughness tests of weld zones varied from +20 °C down to -60 °C. Based on acquired experimental results of impact toughness, fitting curves were developed by use of Oldfield model, i.e. hyperbolic tangent function. Acquired transition temperatures (TT) from fitting curves show mostly allowable values for all three weld zones. As expected, lower strength grade 690 possess higher impact toughness, in comparison to higher strength grade 890. The standardized criteria of minimal absorbed energy of 30 J (KV) and 50% of shear fracture (SF) show different transition temperatures (TT-30J and TT-50%SF), while general dependence of impact toughness to shear fracture (KV vs. SF) shows a reasonable trend. Finally, used GMAW procedures may be considered as acceptable, since for both steel grades (690 and 890) all three weld zones show better TT-30J values than minimal required by standard (TT-30J=-40 °C) for QT structural steels.

Darovano humano mlijeko je najbolja zamjena za majčino mlijeko u okolnostima kad ona ne može hraniti svoje dijete. Sigurno ikvalitetno darovano humano mlijeko osiguravaju banke humanog mlijeka. S tim ciljem u Hrvatskoj banci tkiva i stanica Kliničkogbolničkog centra Zagreb osnovana je Banka humanog mlijeka u siječnju 2020. Rad Banke u skladu je sa Zakonom o primjeni ljudskihtkiva i stanica. U ovom radu prikazujemo rezultate njenog rada od otvaranja do lipnja 2020. godine. Iz logističkih razloga uzrokovanih epidemijom COVID-19 i potresom u Zagrebu Banka humanog mlijeka nije prikupljala mlijeko 43 dana.Mlijeko je darovala 31 majka. Medijan dobi bio je 31 godina a 81% ih je bilo visokoobrazovanih. U 52% slučajeva majke su počeledarivati mlijeko tri mjeseca nakon porođaja. Najviše darivateljica darovalo je mlijeko samo jedan put (45%). Medijan razdoblja darivanja bio je 46 dana. Većina (52%) darivateljica rodilo je prvi put, u očekivanom terminu porođaja (94%), djecu porođajne mase>2 500 gr. Samo troje od njihove djece (9%) bilo je na intenzivnom liječenju. Ukupno je prikupljeno 175,5 L mlijeka (prosječno5,7 L/darivateljici), od kojih je 151,5 L zadovoljilo zahtjeve ulazne kontrole kakvoće, a 141 L je bila i pasterizirana. Kritičan broj vijabilnih, aerobnih i fakultativnih bakterija imalo je 32,6% mješavina mlijeka pripremljenih za pasterizaciju, a nakon nje 8,9%. Za kliničkuprimjenu izdano je 78,7 L u tri jedinice intenzivnog liječenja novorođenčadi. Već u prvim mjesecima rada Banka humanog mlijekapokazala je važnost svog djelovanja. Kako bi mogli zadovoljiti potrebe za darovanim humanim mlijekom na nacionalnoj razini,potrebno je trajno podučavati/educirati majke o važnosti humanog mlijeka i promicati njegovo darivanje.

During the flu season that can impair human health, it is difficult to determine whether a patient has a bacterial or viral infection. The C-Reactive Protein marker is one of the markers in laboratory diagnostics that shows inflammatory processes in the body. The purpose of this study was to prove that the CRP marker is an indicator of bacterial infections and that it is presented in higher concentration in patients with bacterial infection than in patients with a viral infection. Therefore it is helpful in the differentiating bacterial infections from viral infections.

Graphical abstract

Money laundering, in its almost 90-year-long history, has attracted the attention of the scientific, professional, but also the general public. Throughout the entire period, the manifestations of this criminal phenomenon, its typology, etiological factors, etc., have changed, but the essence has remained the same: the transformation of illegally acquired money into legal financial flows. Emerging markets are particularly burdened, which is the subject of this paper: identifying, monitoring and proving the process of money laundering with the aim to reduce it in developing countries. In addition, what can be observed in these markets is that money laundering operations are mainly related to those activities where most of the payments are made in cash. Their specificity, that is, the basic motive for execution, is not just a profit, but the aspiration to introduce “dirty” money into legal flows. The aim of this paper is to use the method of description to explain and describe scientifically the money laundering process and to combat this phenomenon with a focus on the characteristics of the money laundering process. In addition, the paper describes the models and weaknesses of this process, while at the same time it respects the standards and specifics of business operations in emerging markets. The result of the paper is that it provides an overview of money laundering in the 21st century in small and open economies, including proposals to prevent and combat this negative phenomenon.

© The Author(s) 2020. Published by ARDA. Abstract Background: The subject of this research is the creation of an optimal school bench design with the aim of determining the most favorable posture of students while sitting, taking into account the relevant ergonometric and biomechanical characteristics of the human body. For the proposed model of the school bench which allows adjusting the different slopes of its surface, the corresponding computer model of the student and the table was first created, and then biomechanical and RULA analysis was performed in order to determine the maximum load in the lumbar part. Next, for each test subject of given weight, it was necessary to determine the amount of maximum load in lumbar zone L3/L4 for different slope angles and to determine the critical angles at which the maximum permissible load of 3400 N is reached.