Volatile constituents of Satureja montana L. collected from a natural habitat in the southern region of Bosnia and Herzegovina were isolated by steam distillation and headspace sampling. The relative abundance of volatile compounds from the air-dried fragrant plant was analysed by GC-MS using two columns of different polarity. A total of 28 compounds were identified, constituting 93.5% of the essential oil composition. The GC pattern of headspace was different from that prepared by steam distillation. The former consisted of 14 compounds that made up 84.1% of the components identified. Both samples were dominated by oxygenated monoterpenes ranging from 55.2% for headspace of the plant material to 75.5% for the steam-distilled oil. Eleven alcohols represented the most diverse chemical class in the volatile oil (71.8%), as well as seven alcohols detected in the headspace (57.3%). GC-MS analysis of the volatiles indicates that S. montana belongs to linalool chemotype with its relative content of 38.7% for the essential oil and 23.7% for the headspace. With linalool as the most abundant constituent, the other major components were -terpineol (14.7%) in the essential oil, and cis-sabinene hydrate (21.8%) and p-cymene (17.9%) in the headspace sample. The results prove that the combined approach in the extraction of volatile compounds is reliable for the analysis of the aroma of complex herbal samples.

© The Author(s) 2020. Published by ARDA. Abstract Background: The subject of this research is the creation of an optimal school bench design with the aim of determining the most favorable posture of students while sitting, taking into account the relevant ergonometric and biomechanical characteristics of the human body. For the proposed model of the school bench which allows adjusting the different slopes of its surface, the corresponding computer model of the student and the table was first created, and then biomechanical and RULA analysis was performed in order to determine the maximum load in the lumbar part. Next, for each test subject of given weight, it was necessary to determine the amount of maximum load in lumbar zone L3/L4 for different slope angles and to determine the critical angles at which the maximum permissible load of 3400 N is reached.

Cervical cancer is the fourth most common malignancy in women worldwide and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in developing countries. Important etiological factors in this cancer are high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPV), as roughly 96% of cervical cancer cases are positive for these oncoviruses. On the other hand, it has been recently pointed out that E6/E7 oncoproteins of high-risk HPV can upregulate the programmed cell death-1/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) axis. Likewise, several recent reports showed that checkpoint blockades targeting PD-1/PD-L1 pathways have achieved efficient clinical responses via suppressing cancer progression and improving survival in several types of human cancers including metastatic cervical cancer. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway and its interaction with high-risk HPV and their oncoproteins, which could have an important impact on the management of HPV-associated cancers including cervical.

Već sedamdesetih godina dvadesetoga stoljeća razvijeni su prvi koncepti suvremenoga pojma medijske pismenosti. Nakon toga uslijedilo je nekoliko inicijativa da bi se bolje prepoznala važnost učenja i nužnost razvoja medijske pismenosti. Devedesetih godina dolazi do institucionalizacije medijske pismenosti i do definiranja osnovnih smjernica i elemenata potrebnih za razvoj i implementaciju medijske pismenosti u društvu. Otada pa sve do danas koncept medijske pismenosti ubrzano se mijenjao. Dinamičan i ubrzan razvoj informacijskih i komunikacijskih tehnologija, pojava novih medija i medijskih navika konzumenata doveli su do promjene samoga koncepta i razumijevanja medijske pismenosti. Dotad se medijska pismenost prepoznavala kao instrument za zaštitu konzumenata od negativnih medijskih poruka i sadržaja (najčešće djece i mladih), a potom i kao instrument za zaštitu konzumenata od tehnologije te kao preduvjet za bolju građansku participaciju. Danas tumačenje pojma medijske pismenosti promatramo i u zavisnosti od društva i konteksta u kojem se medijska pismenost koristi i na način kako se razvija. Prema tome, koncept i primjena u ovisnosti su o geografskom i tehnološkom pristupu medijima, a samim time i o evaluaciji i načinu na koji komuniciramo preko različitih medija. Stoga bi današnji koncept medijske pismenosti predstavljao oružje ili oruđe za borbu protiv negativnih medijskih sadržaja, manipulacije, lažnih vijesti, obmana, propagande, dezinformacija, a u svrhu kritičkoga i kreativnog izražavanja i bolje građanske participacije.

The present study was conducted to investigate the water quality of the Trstionica River, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The physicochemical properties (temperature, pH, conductivity, total solids after evaporation at 105 °C), content of metals (calcium (Ca), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), sodium (Na), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn)), and anions (chloride (Cl−), and phosphate (PO4)) were determined in water samples collected at seven locations during two sampling periods: unstable weather conditions (precipitation), and stable weather conditions (without precipitation). There was a significant difference in the content of individual parameters in the river water depending on the sampling time. For determination of metals concentrations, which were below the limit of detection, a preconcentration method using an ion-exchange resin was applied. The metals concentrations during the rainy day were in the order Ca > Mg > Na > Fe > Cu > Zn > Pb > Mn with mean values of 343, 6.03, 1.94, 0.18, 0.20, 0.03, 0.02, 0.01 mg dm−3, respectively, and during stable weather conditions: Ca > Mg > Na > Cu > Fe > Mn > Zn with mean values of 288, 7.62, 2.38, 0.11, 0.10, 0.01, 0.01 mg dm−3, respectively. Cd, Cr, and Ni concentrations were below limit of detection in both cases. Obtained values were compared with World Health Organization (WHO) regulations. The results showed that the Trstionica River in the investigated part of the stream meets most of the parameters required by the regulations. The correlation between analysed parameters was assessed, as well. Based on the calculated water quality index values, the water of Trstionica River falls into the category of excellent water.

Graphical abstract

Money laundering, in its almost 90-year-long history, has attracted the attention of the scientific, professional, but also the general public. Throughout the entire period, the manifestations of this criminal phenomenon, its typology, etiological factors, etc., have changed, but the essence has remained the same: the transformation of illegally acquired money into legal financial flows. Emerging markets are particularly burdened, which is the subject of this paper: identifying, monitoring and proving the process of money laundering with the aim to reduce it in developing countries. In addition, what can be observed in these markets is that money laundering operations are mainly related to those activities where most of the payments are made in cash. Their specificity, that is, the basic motive for execution, is not just a profit, but the aspiration to introduce “dirty” money into legal flows. The aim of this paper is to use the method of description to explain and describe scientifically the money laundering process and to combat this phenomenon with a focus on the characteristics of the money laundering process. In addition, the paper describes the models and weaknesses of this process, while at the same time it respects the standards and specifics of business operations in emerging markets. The result of the paper is that it provides an overview of money laundering in the 21st century in small and open economies, including proposals to prevent and combat this negative phenomenon.

The Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) erosion map was made in 1985, however, over a period of 35 years, there has been a substantial change in the values of most erosion factors, resulting in the change of the erosion intensity. Changes relate to demographics, urbanization and land use as well as climate. The increase in temperature and the occurrence of extremes caused significant environmental and economic consequences (May 2014 floods). This situation is more pronounced in the northern part of the country, especially in the lower parts of the larger basins. Risk assessment procedures using modern software and hardware solutions can help decision-makers to recognize sites where forest should not be cut down, certain crops should not be grown or soil conversation measures are necessary. Therefore, the aim of this research is to estimate the intensity of erosion processes in one such watershed in BiH the Brka watershed, taking into consideration current conditions and using modern hardware and software solutions. To calculate erosion intensity the Gavrilovic method supported with GIS techniques was used. The soil protection (x), soil erodibility (y) and type and extent of erosion (φ) coefficients were calculated using digital maps: CORINE 2018 (grid size 100 m x 100 m) land cover, soil map of BiH and open-source satellite images. The slope was calculated from the BiH digital elevation model (25 m x 25 m). The Brka watershed area (184.09 km 2 ) was divided into four basins: Maočka Rijeka (51.56 km 2 ), Rahička Rijeka (24.26 km 2 ), Zovičica (75.30 km 2 ) and direct basin of Brka (32.94 km 2 ). The highest average erosion intensity was determined for Zovičica basin, where Z=0.56. The calculated mean annual production of sediment per basin varies from 5,746 for Rahička Rijeka to 57,089 m 3 year -1 for Zovičica, with total Brka river watershed sediment yield of 120,754 m 3 year -1 .

Recent studies have been showed important role of elevated iron levels in pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2D) and insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to determine serum of free iron concentration in T2D patients and find out associations with lipid profile. The study included 51 participants (27 healthy control and 24 no treated diabetes patients), with ages from 45 to 65 45-65 ages and both gender. As expected, concentrations of serum iron were elevated in diabetic patients compare to healthy subjects while statistical significant difference were shown between iron levels in control group and group with good control of glycaemia (p<0.05). In addition, there was a significant positive correlation between free iron concentration and LDL cholesterol levels and negative significant correlation between iron concentrations with HDL cholesterol in diabetics (p<0.05). These findings suggest that increase serum of free iron concentrations may have an important role and influence in development of disease, especially in lipid metabolism and profile as well in risk of further complications of diabetes.

From the point of welding procedure evaluation, it is important to analyse welds for their impact toughness and transition temperature for three main zones: weld metal, heat-affected zone and base metal. This paper covers butt welds of two QT steel grades, 690 and 890, with thicknesses of 30 mm and 20 mm, respectively. They are interesting regarding yield strength and characteristic weld zones. Basic details of GMAW process used in experiment are provided, with temperatures for impact toughness tests of weld zones varied from +20 °C down to -60 °C. Based on acquired experimental results of impact toughness, fitting curves were developed by use of Oldfield model, i.e. hyperbolic tangent function. Acquired transition temperatures (TT) from fitting curves show mostly allowable values for all three weld zones. As expected, lower strength grade 690 possess higher impact toughness, in comparison to higher strength grade 890. The standardized criteria of minimal absorbed energy of 30 J (KV) and 50% of shear fracture (SF) show different transition temperatures (TT-30J and TT-50%SF), while general dependence of impact toughness to shear fracture (KV vs. SF) shows a reasonable trend. Finally, used GMAW procedures may be considered as acceptable, since for both steel grades (690 and 890) all three weld zones show better TT-30J values than minimal required by standard (TT-30J=-40 °C) for QT structural steels.

We clarify open issues in relating low- and high-energy observables, at next-to-leading order accuracy, in models with a massive leptoquark embedded in a flavor nonuniversal SU(4)×SU(3)×SU(2)×U(1) gauge group. Extending previous work on this subject, we present a complete analysis of the O(αs) corrections to the matching conditions of semileptonic operators at the high scale. These corrections are not negligible, but they do not exceed the 10% level and are subleading compared to the O(α4) corrections proportional to the leading leptoquark coupling, which is expected to be much larger than the QCD coupling in the parameter space region of phenomenological interest. We further analyze the impact of radial modes, both at O(α4) and at O(αs) accuracies, highlighting their role in the renormalization of the theory.