The aim of the study is to present the elements which must be considered while determining the risk of the mobility of the herbicides. Herbicides used for maize production have the special eco toxical significance and special risk because some are potentially mobile, they are used on the large surfaces during the rainy period and near rivers. Behaviour of the herbicides in the environment, particularly in the soil is very complex. It does not depend only on the characteristics of the herbicide, but on the many factors of the environment which are very variable. Regardless of this fact, there are experimentally determined physical-chemical indicators for each herbicide that show the possible behaviour of herbicides in the environment. Studied physical-chemical indicators of herbicide behavior are: Distribution Coefficient (Kd); Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc); Time of the Semi-Decomposition (DT50); Water Solubility (S); Groundwater Ubiquity Score (GUS); Henry's Law Constant (Kh), Vapor Pressure (PV) and the Dissociation Constant (pKa). Namely, herbicides, in larger or smaller measure, have “leaching potential“, which is ability to reach the underground water. One of the basic criteria for evaluating the herbicide ability to reach the underground water is related to indicators of mobility and persistency (DT50) herbicides, but neglecting some other criteria in that evaluation such as the amount of applying, characteristics of the soil and the aim of the crop growth. According to the EPA criteria, for the herbicides used in maize production in Bosnia 1 University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Agriculture, Student city, Bulevar vojvode Petra Bojovića 1A, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina 2 University of Banja Luka, Faculty od Sciences, Mladena Stojanovica 2, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina *Corresponding author: sinisa.mitric@agrofabl.org Siniša Mitrić, Mihajlo Marković, Mladen Babić, Milan Šipka, Dušica Pešević, Duško Dragičević 298 and Herzegovina (BiH), the “trigger“ value will indirectly indicate if the herbicides have large leaching potential.

that ALCC samples eroded predominantly at the surface, while the mullite samples exhibited more significant degradation by depth.

Banking profit plays a very crucial role in terms of providing a base for internal growth as well as a signal for additional borrowing. Profit is also a source for dividend payments to shareholders and expectations for future dividend payments. This research includes all banks in Bosnia and Herzegovina and testing endogenous and exogenous variables on bank profitability indicators. In addition to credit risk, the profitability of banks in B&H is also influenced by the financial result of operations, which is determined by price and interest rate risk. The primary goal of this paper is to attempt to identifying and recognizing the factors affecting the profitability of banks operating in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Therefore, this research focuses on the determinants of banking sector profitability that can be divided into two groups, namely: internal and external factors. The research period covered the years from 2007q1-2019q4 on a quarterly database. The total number of observations was 52. The paper included the OLS regression model (FE model) and the random-effects GLS model. Both models were appropriate for the obtained results through the Hausman test. The results showed that the significant influence on the dependent variables were the return on asset (ROA) and return on equity (ROE), which has been achieved by the following independent variables, such as the growth rate of net profit/loss, cost to income ratio and the growth rate of gross domestic product.

Although midwifery in Serbia has a long tradition, in the last decades, and especially in the last years since the Republic of Serbia is in the process of joining the European Union, this profession faces numerous challenges both in the context of formal education and the role that in the 21st century midwife has in practice. The midwife profession is faced with numerous challenges related to demographic trends and demands and expectations of a contemporary woman. The aim of the paper was to examine the difference in standards in the education of midwives in Serbia, and the neighbouring countries and Europe. Professional publications related to education and practice of midwives, published in Serbia, the neighbouring countries and Europe have been used. According to the presentation of standards and competencies of midwives in Serbia and education standards under Directive 2005/36/EZ and 2013/55/EU as well as the role and tasks midwives have in our country and European countries, there is a need for harmonization of standards in the education of midwife nurses and accreditation of joint study programs of professional master studies for nurses and midwives within the educational system of Serbia, all in the context of new paradigm of health care, which implies a holistic approach to women's health, a personalized approach and a self-protection concept. It is necessary to reform the education system of midwives in Serbia in accordance with the requirements of Directive2005/36/EZ, 2013/55 / EU.

This paper discusses the situation of older people in Serbia – development and current state of art, their marginalization and ageism in the society. Stereotypes and media are in the focus, since many researches show that their impact on the adult population is huge, and they act as a ‘massive’ adult educator in the public space. An educational measure and its impact are shown in the paper, and the results of the project are presented, where several adult education organisations took part, aiming at change of the image of elderly in the society.

Background Tobacco smoking remains a significant public health concern worldwide. With more than 15 percent of youth being current smokers according to the 2018 and 2019 Global Youth Tobacco Surveys, Bosnia and Herzegovina stands out with one of the highest youth smoking rates in Europe. This high youth smoking rate necessitates an in-depth investigation into the factors influencing smoking initiation among youth.

Background Tobacco tax policy in Bosnia and Herzegovina currently assumes a gradual annual increase in the specific excise tax on cigarettes (0.15 BAM per year per pack). However, since 2019 policy makers in Bosnia and Herzegovina have frozen the increase in specific excise taxes. The Indirect Taxation Authority (ITA) increased the minimum excise in 2023 to 3.35 Bosnia-Herzegovina convertible marks (BAM) per pack, which is a change of 0.02 BAM compared to 2022. This research examines the effects of the increase in cigarette prices on government revenues from excise and indirect taxes, as well as the health impacts of tobacco tax increases. Methods Based on the data on legal cigarette sales and the tax structure, we employ tobacco tax simulation modeling to estimate revenue change and the impact on public health. The baseline year for our analysis is 2023, and we conduct forecasts for the period of 2024 – 2025. The estimations of the impact of the proposed increased excise on government revenues are done by applying different scenarios regarding price and income elasticities on different price segments. We analyze the impact of the increased prices on public health through the decrease in prevalence and number of smokers.

• The roughness of the machined surface is a crucial factor in the woodworking process because it influences the quality of future operations like gluing, sanding, pressing, surface treatment and protection, and assembly. The quality of the machined surface is determined by a number of machining process parameters as well as material properties, and their proper selection and optimization will yield the best results. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate how specific parameters and wood species affect surface roughness. In the experiment, three species of wood: beech (Fagus sylvatica), fir (Abies alba), and poplar (Populus alba) with the same moisture content were used, and combinations of feed speed (5 and 8 m/min) and cutting depth (2 and 4 mm) were created. The processing was done on a wood planer (thickener) machine of the SD-B-510 series manufactured by Robland Machines Belgium. Following that, roughness measurements of Ra, Rz, Rt, and Rq were taken with a focus on the mean deviation of the profile Ra, and an analysis of the results was presented, revealing that different roughness values are obtained with the same processing parameters depending on the wood species. The difference between the greatest (5.36 µm) and lowest (2.41µm) roughness values (Ra) for beech is 2.95 µm, 1.25 µm for poplar, and 1.34 µm for fir.

- The thermal energy sector is very important at this time of global energy transition. From the aspect of stable energy independence, this is especially important in countries whose energy system is based on fossil fuels, especially coal. This is why decarbonisation of the energy sector is necessary, with a partial and gradual substitution of coal with renewable fuels. However, the use of these fuels is not always possible in existing plants. This refers to the establishment of energy, economic and environmentally acceptable proportion of the co-firing of these fuels, i.e. a mixture of coal and renewable fuels. The success of the establishment of this process is a function of several variables, the dominant of which are the aggregate properties of the fuel, basic and their mixtures, including the ash properties of those fuels. With the motive of contributing to a more successful implementation of the energy transition in the thermal energy sector, and with the aim of obtaining new scientific knowledge about the characteristics of the combustion of lignite and brown coal with different renewable fuels, laboratory research was carried out. In particular, different mixtures of lignite and brown coal, waste woody biomass and Miscanthus as a fast-growing energy crop were subjected to co-firing with variable process conditions. In addition to changing the composition of fuel mixtures, the test regimes included a significant change in process temperature (1250-1450 °C) and the primary measure of staged air supply to the furnace. In these combustion conditions, the emission of undesirable and harmful components into the environment, the efficiency of combustion, and the tendency of the ash from the fuel mixture to possible soiling of the heating surfaces in the furnace were evaluated - an analysis of the characteristics of the ash samples from the reaction zone and samples of the slag and ash to the furnace. Here, in both cases of co-firing, lignite and brown coal with different types of biomass, it was shown that in real conditions it is possible to establish a sustainable primary energy conversion process from fuel with a low unburnt carbon content in the slag (unburnt carbon content, UBC<1%) as well as low CO emission, below 350 mg/m n3 . At the same time, the NO x emission is below 320 mg/m n3 during the co-firing of lignite mixtures at 1250 °C, and in the case of brown coal mixtures below 740 mg/m n3 at 1450 °C. In both cases, the net CO 2 emission decreases in proportion to the proportion of biomass in the mixture, while the SO 2 emission is still high, at a level of up to 2500 mg/m n3 for lignite mixtures and up to 6400 mg/m n3 for brown coal mixtures. None of the treated types of biomass, up to the level of applicable content in the mixture with lignite and brown coal, does not worsen the progress of the process from the aspect of possible slagging/fouling heating surfaces in the boiler.

The paper presents the changes in soil moisture in the Republic of Srpska (RS), which occurred in the period 2015–2018. Also, the distribution of wetlands by natural units and altitude zones is given. The Copernicus Water and Wetness (WaW) database has been used, based on the photointerpretation of satellite images Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2, in resolutions 10 m and 20 m. Wetlands are divided into four categories, based on the registered percentage of water and moisture during the year and seasons: permanent water, intermittent water, permanent wetland and temporary wetland. The results of the research show that temporary and permanent waters occupy 0.48 % of the territory of the RS, permanently wet areas 0.03 %, while the largest territory includes temporarily wet areas which occupy 1.81 % (areas with wetness from 25 % to 75 %). The two largest areas where humidity occurs, and which differ in geographical position and origin of humidity, are: Posavina and Semberija in the north and medium and high karst fields in the south, in the region of Herzegovina. Changes in soil moisture registered in the period 2015–2018 are primarily of anthropogenic origin and relate to the drainage of wetlands and ponds. The most famous case is the Bardača reserve, where most of the former 11 fishponds have been turned into agricultural land over the last decade. There has not been any long-term monitoring of soil moisture at the entire territory of the RS, so the main contribution of this paper can be seen in that aspect.

: Genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of curcumin and sunset yellow were tested by the chromosome aberration analysis and cytokinesis-block micronu - cleus cytome assay in human lymphocyte culture. Water solutions of food dyes, in concentrations of 1, 2, 4 and 8 mM, were added to the cultures at the beginning of the cultivation period. Concentrations of 4 and 8 mM of sunset yellow induced significant increase in frequencies of cells with chromosome aberrations. Tested concentrations of sunset yellow significantly associated with frequencies of structural aberrations, chromatid-type aberrations, total aberrant cells and micronuclei showing considerable dose dependent clastogenic activity. In higher analyzed concentrations, curcumin significantly increased only nuclear buds frequency, sug - gesting its potential genotoxicity, while sunset yellow showed dose-dependent genotoxic potential. Obtained results point toward favorization of natural coloring agents in food consumption and emphasize the need of controlled use of food colorants

. In this paper we present geometrically exact Kirchhoff’s initially curved planar beam model. The theoretical formulation of the proposed model is based upon Reissner’s geometrically exact beam formulation presented in classical works as a starting point, but with imposed Kirchhoff’s constraint in the rotated strain measure. Such constraint imposes that shear deformation becomes negligible, and as a result, curvature depends on the second derivative of displacements. The constitutive law is plasticity with linear hardening, defined separately for axial and bending response. We construct discrete approximation by using Hermite’s polynomials, for both position vector and displacements, and present the finite element arrays and details of numerical implementation. Several numerical examples are presented in order to illustrate an excellent performance of the proposed beam model.

Multi-purpose land evaluation is a method of assessing the quality and value of the land in the service planning and land management, and is the fundamental basis for the development and optimum use of land in general. The subject of the study was evaluation of multi-purpose suitability of land for agricultural use was made according to the Regulations on the uniform methodology for the classification of agricultural land in the class (Official Gazette of the Federation of B&H, No. 43/11), using FAO assessment methodology (FAO, 1976; Brinkman and Smyth, 1973). Based on the results of research was created a database and map of suitability of agricultural land for growing different plants in agriculture vegetable (gardening); arable farming (annual crops); fruits (fruits growing); wine-growing (viticulture) and grassland (pastures and meadows). It was determined the priority of agricultural use as well as dedicated map (1:200 000), which shows the distribution of 36 recommended agricultural and economic programs in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It was found that the largest area of 429,685.4 ha or 40.45% of agricultural land in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina is suitable for agricultural economic program of grassland. Follow the other agricultural economic programs: fruits-grassland 123,996.4 ha or 11.67%; then fruits-vegetable-annual crops with an area of 89,384.7 ha (8.41%) and grassland-fruits-vegetable occupying 66.562 ha or 6,26% and grassland-vegetable-annual crops with an area 62,136.3 ha (5.85%). Other agricultural economic programs individually occupy an area of less than 4% of land. We believe that the information obtained through this project contribute to the overall development of agriculture in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, especially in terms of creating a proper and balanced concept as part of sustainable land management and reasonable land use policy.

Recognition and treatment of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) is still a problem, mainly because the term encompasses many symptoms of different etiology. Classification on joint and muscle disorders facilitated the diagnosis and treatment of TMD. However, in the absence of a validated pathophysiological model, there is still a need for acquiring new knowledge. Furthermore, the diagnosis and treatment of TMD usually require a multidisciplinary approach. Orthodontic treatment is sometimes associated with the occurrence of signs and symptoms of TMD. The recent scientific literature, however, considers such association unfounded, and some clinical studies even show reduction in TMD symptoms subsequent to orthodontic treatment. Besides causing confusion in scientific world, such contradictory information creates problems to practitioners in their daily work when treating patients suffering from orofacial pain. Through the presentation of clinical cases, this lecture will try to answer how to clearly recognize the signs of TMD as well as patients who are at increased risk of their occurrence. It will describe the procedures and guidelines recommended for treating these disorders in a simple manner, comprehensible to the practitioner, with an emphasis on the description of occlusal splints fabrication. TURNER SyNDROME CHALLENGE FOR EARLy DIAGNOSIS AND ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT Cvetanka Bajraktarova Misevska* *PHO University Dental Clinical Centre St. Pantelejmon, Clinic Of Orthodontics, Skopje, FYR of Macedonia Corresponding Author: Cvetanka Bajraktarova Misevska PHO University Dental Clinical Centre St. Pantelejmon, Clinic Of Orthodontics, Skopje, FYR of Macedonia e-mail: cmisevska@yahoo.com

Martial arts (MA) and combat sports (CS) demand significant physical, mental, and emotional engagement in both training and competition. Brazilian Jiu Jitsu (BJJ), known for its intricate mastery requirements, operates within a performance-oriented climate where unmet goals can lead to diminished interest. Investigating the motivational drivers behind continued participation in BJJ is thus pertinent. This study aims to explore motivational factors among BJJ practitioners. A total of 70 participants, including 30 women (43.3%) and 40 men (56.7%) aged 15 to 60+, with training experience ranging from 0-1 year to 10+ years, completed the Sports Motivation Scale (SMS-6). The survey assessed factors influencing their engagement in BJJ. Analysis suggests that gender differences may contribute to variations in amotivation within the sport. Higher competitive experience participants valued factors like interest/enjoyment, competence, and fitness more than social status and appearance, unlike lower competitive experience participants. Notably, individuals with higher competitive experience exhibited lower motivational scores on the assessed subscale factors compared to lower competitive experience participants. The study's findings indicate that individuals with significant competitive experience attribute greater significance and commitment to their involvement in BJJ. Additionally, the results show that women exhibit a slightly lower amotivation score compared to men, suggesting a marginal decrease in mens enthusiasm for practicing the sport.