: As the population grows, more food is needed to keep the food supply chain running smoothly. For many years, intensive farming systems have been used to meet this need. Currently, due to intense climate change and other global natural problems, there is a shift towards sustainable use of natural resources and simplified methods of tillage. Soil tillage intensity influences the distribution of nutrients, and soil’s physical and mechanical properties, as well as gas flows. The impact of reduced tillage on these indices in spring barley cultivation is still insufficient and requires more analysis on a global scale. This study was carried out at Vytautas Magnus University, Agriculture Academy (Lithuania) in 2022–2023. The aim of the investigation was to determine the effect of the tillage systems on the soil temperature, moisture content, CO 2 respiration and concentration in spring barley cultivation. Based on a long-term tillage experiment, five tillage systems were tested: deep and shallow moldboard ploughing, deep cultivation-chiseling, shallow cultivation-chiseling, and no tillage Shallow plowing technology has been found to better conserve soil moisture and maintain higher temperatures in most cases. During almost the entire study period, the spring barley crop with deep cultivation had lower moisture content and lower soil temperature. Shallow cultivation fields in most cases increased CO 2 emissions and CO 2 concentration. When applying direct sowing to the uncultivated soil (10–20 cm), the concentration of CO 2 decreased from 0.01 to 0.148 percent. pcs. The results show that in direct sowing fields, most cases had a positive effect on crop density. Direct sowing fields resulted in significantly lower, from 7.9 to 26.5%, grain yields of spring barley in the years studied.

Due to the rapid advancement of online social networks in recent years, the prevalence of fake news has increased significantly. Fake news is deliberately created to deceive users by imitating real news, making it challenging to identify early on. So, we need to explore the accompanying information to improve its disclosure such as the publisher. This study focuses on analyzing and investigating various traditional machine learning models to determine the most effective one. The goal is to develop a supervised machine learning algorithm that can classify news articles as either true or fake, utilizing tools like Python‘s scikit-learn and NLP for text analysis. The proposed approach involves feature extraction and vectorization. To accomplish this, the scikit-learn library in Python is utilized, which offers helpful tools like CountVectorizer and TfidfVectorizer. The experiment involved implementing well-known algorithms: Logistic regression, Neural networks and SVM, and comparing their performance to determine the most suitable one. Each of the three algorithms performed well, but SVM demonstrated superior outcomes across nearly all categories.

The golden ratio (golden section, golden mean, divine proportion) is an irrational number whose value is approximately Φ = 1.618. The golden ratio has imposed itself throughout history as a kind of principle of unison and harmony that is so subtly and fascinatingly repeated in nature, science, art, and even in the structure and function of the human body. What is typical for the golden ratio is that it places the larger segment in relation to the smaller segment, uniting them into a single whole, which again place it in the same relationship with its larger part. If we consider the cardiac cycle as one such whole, its “larger segment” would refer to the diastolic phase, while the “smaller segment” would refer to the systolic phase of one cardiac cycle. In this article, the mathematical processing of 100 ECG records included the measurement of intervals representing the systolic and diastolic phases of the cardiac cycle, where the ratio of diastolic and systolic phases, and the ratio of one cardiac cycle and diastolic phase was obtained. The study has shown that people with normal ECG records have a ratio of the diastolic and systolic phases of the cardiac cycle, and the cardiac cycle and the diastolic phase, which are very close to the golden ratio. On the other hand, persons whose ECG records indicate certain pathological conditions in the heart muscle have ratios of diastolic and systolic phase, and of the total cardiac cycle and diastolic phase, which deviate to varying degrees from the value of the golden ratio. It has been shown that for a certain pathological condition there is a characteristic deviation of the diastole/systole and cardiac cycle/diastole ratio from the number Φ, which opens the possibility of applying this method as a potential diagnostic or screening method in rapid analysis of ECG records.

Fuzzy TOPSIS is one of the sensitive methods for multi-criteria decision making (MCDM). This paper presents the possibility of using fuzzy TOPSIS method and fuzzy evaluation framework for the quality of student mobility in the Erasmus programme. The framework estimates the mobility quality by analysing the answers from the final report study of the implemented mobility. The quality analysis is carried out at the level of individual responses, the entire report and the faculties participating in the programme. The numerical example demonstrates the use of frameworks and determination of quality.

• Wood heat treatment is an environmentally friendly method, and the heat-treated wood properties are closely related to thermal modification intensity. This study focuses on the 0-3 mm surface layer (SL) of poplar wood heat treated at 160~220 °C. The modification intensity, including surface color, hardness, chemical component and morphological changes of the SL, was evaluated. The findings of this research showed that the color difference of the poplar wood before and after heat treatment (ΔE *1 ) increased; the color difference between up-surface and down-surface of the SL (ΔE *2 ) also increased with the treatment temperature. Consequently, the surface hardness (H R ) decreased with the increase of treatment intensity. When the treatment temperature was higher than 160 °C, the up-surface and down-surface of the SL were statistically different in color. Chemical component analysis revealed that the heat treatment degrades wood components, especially the hemicellulose, and correlation analysis showed a significant correlation between the change rate of hemicellulose and the ΔE * 1 or H R value; the prediction functions have been established at a high confidence level of 0.99. Overall, the thermal modification intensity of the heat-treated surface layer (SL) of poplar wood varies, and the H R and ΔE *1 value could be used to characterize and predict the modification intensity and degree of thermal degradation of the surface layer of heat-treated poplar wood.

Milk is a food of high biological value and as part of a properly balanced diet plays a major role in human health. The composition of milk varies depending on the origin and the animals from which it originates. Disruption of milk stability usually is the result of changes in the concentration of Ca 2+ ions. Increasing stability in this case can be achieved by the addition of phosphate, polyphosphate or citrate of an alkali metal or by removal of calcium by ion exchangers. The present salts and ions directly has effects on the physical properties of the milk, such as osmotic pressure, the freezing point and boiling point, conductivity, titratable acidity, pH, and buffering capacity of milk. Ca 2+ ions influence on the dispersity of the casein and on the amount of bound water directly influence the density and viscosity of milk. Milk acidity, density, viscosity, surface tension, refractive index, electrical conductivity are important physical - chemical indicators of the quality of the milk. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of heat treatment on the physical-chemical properties of the milk and the calcium content on which depend the quality of the final product, and to establish the correlation between certain parameters. For this research, different milk samples from different geographical regions of the Tuzla Canton were analyzed. Due to the extreme importance of the milk and dairy products in the diet of all age groups of people, monitoring of the physical-chemical properties of milk and the calcium content is of particular importance.

15 A more accurate way to calculate power output from wind turbines based on fundamental Newtonian 16 mechanics is proposed for testing. This contrasts with current methods regarded as governed by flows 17 of kinetic energy through an area swept by rotating airfoils. Action mechanics measures torques caused 18 by conservation of momentum of impulsive air streams on rotor surfaces at differing radii. We integrate 19 the windward torque using inputs of rotor dimensions, the angle of incidence and strength of wind 20 impulses on the blade surfaces. A reverse torque in the plane of rotation is estimated as radial impulses 21 from the blade’s rotation. Net torque is converted to power by the angular velocity of the turbine rotors. 22 A matter of concern is significant heat production by wind turbines, partly from leeward reactions but 23 mainly from turbulent release of vortical energy. Use of wind farms as sources of renewable energy

Since the availability of assembled eukaryotic genomes, the first one being a budding yeast, many computational methods for the reconstruction of ancestral karyotypes and gene orders have been developed. The difficulty has always been to assess their reliability, since we often miss a good knowledge of the true ancestral genomes to compare their results to, as well as a good knowledge of the evolutionary mechanisms to test them on realistic simulated data. In this study, we propose some measures of reliability of several kinds of methods, and apply them to infer and analyse the architectures of two ancestral yeast genomes, based on the sequence of seven assembled extant ones. The pre-duplication common ancestor of S. cerevisiae and C. glabrata has been inferred manually by Gordon et al. (Plos genet. 2009). We show why, in this case, a good convergence of the methods is explained by some properties of the data, and why results are reliable. In another study, Jean et al. (J. Comp. Biol. 2009) proposed an ancestral architecture of the last common ancestor of S. kluyveri, K. thermotolerans, K. lactis, A. gossypii and Z. rouxii inferred by a computational method. In this case, we show that the dataset does not seem to contain enough information to infer a reliable architecture, and we construct a higher resolution dataset which gives a good reliability on a new ancestral configuration.

— Advanced technologies such as Big Data, the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, robotics, cloud computing, and additive manufacturing are enablers of the industry 4.0 revolution and signify intense transformations in socio-economic systems. This work investigates the enabling nature of certain technologies in the emergence and development of different quality paradigms. Each enabling technology is related to a certain industrial revolution; consequently, a certain quality paradigm has been developed. Where is quality management now, in which direction its development is going, and what can be expected in the future is discussed in this paper. The research focuses on the most important factors discussed in the literature that influenced quality development throughout history. Results are presented in written and graphical form and include newly established theories based on recent innovations. Since this is a cumulative overview of different quality methods, it only briefly discusses the most important theories. It was observed that with Industry 4.0 enabling technologies, we are currently experiencing a transformation in this discipline, reaching a higher level in the competition for market positioning. Particularly, meeting explicit customer needs is upgraded with latent customer needs - linked to the customer's emotional responses (delight) to products/services. This paper contributes to a new field of research that is becoming increasingly popular.

In addition to printing techniques, there are various characteristics that affect the quality of printed products. Most frequently questioned features are line, dot, and text reproduction. In this paper it is investigated how different substrates, printed by the same printing technique, affect the quality parameters of printed samples. Print quality includes the process of obtaining the desired reproductions of color and image elements, important parameters of print quality are the quality of lines and dots, and the feature of the substrate that is significant for this work is the roughness of the substrate. This paper presents the testing of three different materials on to which the test form was printed by electrophotography, as a digital printing technique. The tests are based on analysis of line, dot and text reproduction, as well as analysis of the roughness of the substrate on samples printed in black. Based on the obtained results it can be concluded that the substrate affects the quality of printed products.

Printed textile materials are often exposed to certain external

which chromatic adapta - tion should be applied when a change of illumina - tion is introduced as well as which colour difference formula to use and how it should be weighted.

: The role and importance of socially responsible business in the last few years has been recognized in various economic activities. In addition to its importance in various economic activities, corporate social responsibility plays an important role for sustainable development. The aim of the work is based on the examination of the achieved level of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in large organizations in R. Serbia in relation to in relation to the sector, economic activity, type of ownership, level of business on the market. The research was conducted in the period from 2019 to 2021 on the territory of the Republic of Serbia, in which 165 large organizations participated. Statistical techniques of the Mann Whitney non-parametric test were used in the paper using a statistical program (SPSS version 25.0). By reviewing the professional and scientific literature on corporate social responsibility, also through the analysis of the obtained results, the authors proved that the hypothesis was partially confirmed between the average dimensions of CSR and by sector, economic activity, type of ownership, level of business in the market. Statistically significant differences exist in the level of corporate social responsibility in organizations in Serbia in relation to economic activity, between company headquarters, between types of companies, while there are no statistically significant differences in the level of CSR in organizations in Serbia in relation to the sector, the level of business on the market.

Multi-material design was developed as a modern design concept for lightweight structures (Lightweight design - LW) which aims to integrate different types of materials into one structure. The main problem when joining sheets made of different, i