UDK 630*56:630*11(497.6)          631.442.2:630*56(497.6) Research results of the stand volume increment changes in mixed forests of beech, fir and spruce on limestone and dolomite in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FB&H), is presented in this work. Impact of different factors to volume increment value was investigated: habitat quality, values - indicators of structural characteristics particular forest stands, and orographic characteristics if the terrain. Impact of climate differences was investigated trough position of the forests stands in particular ecological-vegetation regions in B&H. Research was done on example of 799 forest stands, trough complex methods of multiple regression analyses, and variance analyses (ANOVA), The results shows that volume increment of the forest stands, besides taxation values: basal area, relative share species in volume, average diameter of the trees, medium height of the trees 50 cm in diameter, significantly depend of the altitude and belonging to particular ecological-vegetation regions in B&H. The result of the analyses is complex model for forest stand volume increment assessment. It was concluded that volume increment of these forest is higher about 1 m3/ha, now than 50 years ago, when very similar investigation was done in the same forests.

1 Doc. dr. sc. Dževada Sokolović (dzsokolovic@yahoo.com), Dr. sc. Muhamed Bajrić, (bajric_muhamed@yahoo.com), Prof. dr. sc. Safet Gurda, (safetgurda@yahoo. com), Šumarski fakultet, Univerziteta u Sarajevu, Katedra za iskorišćavanje šuma, projektovanje i građenje u šumarstvu i hortikulturi, Zagrebačka 20, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosna i Hercegovina 2 Izv. prof. dr. sc. Dragutin Pičman, Šumarski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Svetošimunska 25, Zagreb, e-mail: dpicman@sumfak.hr 3 Doc. dr. sc. Ahmet Lojo, Šumarski fakultet, Univerziteta u Sarajevu, Katedra za uređivanje šuma i urbanog zelenila, Zagrebačka 20, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosna i Hercegovina, e-mail: ahmetlojo@yahoo.com 4 Haris Koljić BSc. šumarstva, ul. Rejzovići bb, 79280 Ključ, e-mail: hariskoljic@hotmail.com ODREĐIVANJE OPTIMALNOG PROSTORNOG RASPOREDA MREŽE SEKUNDARNIH ŠUMSKIH PROMETNICA

UDK 630*52:582.475(497.6) U radu se analiziraju debljinske i visinske strukture jednodobnih nenjegovanih šumskih zasada crnog bora različite starosti i uslova staništa na karbonatnim supstratima u Bosni. Utvrđene su prosječne procentualne raspodjele broja stabala po debljinskim i visinskim klasama za starosne klase širine 10 godina u okviru pojedinih bonitetnih razreda staništa i njihovi numerički parametri (aritmetička sredina, varijaciona širina, standardna devijacija, koeficijent varijacije, koeficijenti asimetrije i zaobljenosti). Dobijeni rezultati pokazuju veliki varijabilitet prečnika i visine stabala, odnosno intenzivno debljinsko i visinsko diferenciranje stabala ispitivanih zasada.

This paper analyzis the diameter and height structures of even aged stands of Austrian pine (Pinus nigra Arn.) on carbonate substrates in Bosnia of different age and site classes. Average percentile distribution of numbers of trees based on diameter and height classes for the age classes of 10 years within particular site classes and their numerical parameters (average value, width of variability, standard deviation, coefficient of variability, kurtosis and skewness) were established. The obtained results show the large variability in diameter and height of trees, that is, a strong differentiation of diameter and height of trees of tested stands.

UDK 630*38:625.711.84 Za racionalno gazdovanje šumama i pravovremeno provođenje svih planiranih biotehničkih mjera, neophodno je izgraditi dovoljno gustu i razgranatu mrežu šumskih saobraćajnica. Pri tome se ima u vidu da putevi nemaju značaj samo za proizvodni aspekt šume, već i za sve ostale mnogobrojne aspekte: ekološki, sociološki, zaštitni itd. Najbolje rješenje u otvaranju šuma jeste kada se postigne da se sa što manje uloženih sredstava dobije što bolje otvorena šuma. Rezultat kojem se teži u otvaranju šuma jeste optimalna mreža šumskih saobraćajnica. Optimalizaciju mreže šumskih saobraćajnica je moguće uraditi pomoću matematičke formule minimiziranjem ukupnih troškova. Metode koje optimalizaciju mreže šumskih saobraćajnica rade pomoću računara, analiziraju veći broj faktora i imaju različit pristup u rješavanju otvaranja. U ovom radu je izvršena analiza na osnovu koje su se dobila područja pogodna za gradnju šumskih kamionskih puteva. Uticajni faktori koji su se uzeli za analizu su: normalna zaliha, dubina zemljišta i nagib terena. Nakon bodovanja područja, koja su za svaki od uticajnih faktora ponaosob manje ili više pogodna za gradnju šumskih kamionskih puteva, dobila se zbirna tematska karta. Na njoj su izdvojena područja koja su pogodna i područja koja nisu pogodna za gradnju šumskih kamionskih puteva.

Virgin forests are relatively rare in the European temperate zone. This is due to the continuous use of forest historically and to increasing high population densities. Virgin forests are forest where the structure and dynamics have developed entirely under natural conditions, without any human interference or influence. This article assesses the Pljesevica forest in Bosnia Herzegovina to establish whether it can be classified as virgin forest. The structure and components of the forest were assessed in a 1 ha sample plot and four 400m2 quadrats. The values of the biodiversity indexes (as defined by Shannon and Weaver, Krebs and Meyer), species richness and evenness, the distribution of the different stand development stages and the proportion of dead wood lead to the conclusion that Pljesevica forest presents a set of structural and dynamic characteristics close to the ones typical for virgin forests in Europe, so in order to maintain its status as such, in the meantime it should undergo a protection management programme.

For rational forest management and realization of the bio-technical planed activities on time it is inevitable to build widely branched network of forest roads of sufficient density. Simultaneously with this it is necessary to take into consideration that roads are not only significant for production aspect of forest but also for many other aspects: ecological, sociological, environmental etc. The best solution for forest opening is achieving the best possible forest accessibility with lowest possible investment. The targeted result in forest opening is optimum forest roads network. Optimization of forest roads network is achievable by mathematical formula of minimizing total costs. Methods for optimization of forest roads network by means of computers analyze numerous factors and have different approach to resolving forest opening. In this paper the analysis has been done in order to get areas suitable for construction of forest truck roads. Influence factors taken into account for analysis areas follows: normal stock, depth of the soil and terrain slope. After evaluation of areas which are more or less suitable for forest truck roads for each specific influence factor it has been got aggregate thematic map in which areas suitable and non suitable for construction of forest truck roads have been given.

UDK 630*52(497.6) Prva inventura šuma na velikim površinama u BiH je provedena prije 40 godina, u periodu od 1964. do 1968. Druga državna inventura šuma je započela u 2006. godini, sa planom da se završi krajem 2009. godine. Šumskogospodarska oblast „Unska” na sjeverozapadu BiH je premjerena u 2006. godini, u prvoj fazi inventure šuma. Ovaj rad sadrži skraćeno pojašnjenje inventurnih koncepata i podatke o glavnim taksacionim elementima za oblast Unsku, po glavnim kategorijama šuma i šumskih zemljišta, površina, zaliha i zapreminski prirast iz dvije državne inveture šuma koji su poređeni i prezentirani u ovom radu. Razlike u prikazanim podacima su značajne. Možemo sa sigurnošću reći da su se desile velike promjene tokom 40- godišnjeg perioda, u ukupnoj površini šuma i u stukturi površina po glavnim kategorijama šuma. Površine šuma su se povećale za oko 35%, za više od 60 000 ha. Zaliha je takođe povećana sa 125,8 m3/ha na 248 m3/ha ili ukupno za više od 40 350 000 m3 sveukupne drvne mase. Površine šuma su procijenjene na tri različita i neovisna načina. U drugoj inventuri površine šuma su mjerene interpretacijom satelitskih snimaka i na osnovu terenskih snimanja kroz broj ploha. Treći način se odnosi na sumiranje podataka iz važećih šumskogospodarskih osnova ovog područja. Razlike između podataka o površinama utvrđenih na tri različita načina nisu statističi značajne. Možemo zaključiti da je ovo važno pitanje utvrđivanja površina šuma i šumskih zemljišta riješeno na kvalitetan način i kroz terenska snimanja u ovoj oblasti i, s obzirom na to, pretpostavljamo da će biti kvalitetno urađeno i za cijelu BiH.

The first state forest inventory (SFI) in Bosnia and Herzegovina was implemented 40 years ago in the period from 1964 through to 1968. The second state forest inventory was started in 2006, with the plan to be completed by the end of 2009. The forest district area “Unska”, on the north-west of Bosnia and Herzegovina was recorded in 2006, in the first phase of SFI. The short explanation of the inventories’ concepts and the data about the main taxation elements for the “Unska” district, for main categories of the forest and forest land area, the growing stock and the volume increment from the two state inventories was compared and presented in this paper. The differences in these figures are significant. Considerable changes occurred over the 40-year period in the entire forest area and in the structure of the main forest categories. The area of the forest was increased for 35%, and for more than 60 000 ha. The growing stock had also increased from 125.8 m/ha to 248.1 m/ha and more than 40 350 000 m of wood in total. The data about the forest areas was assessed trough three different independent methods in the second SFI: firstly, by using the interpretation of the satellite images, followed by field inventory based on the plot numbers, and using the existing forest documentation from the local forest management plans in this area. The differences between the assessed forest areas in three different ways did not prove significant. We can, however, conclude that this important problem was solved in a proper manner with the field inventory in the forest district 1, and will hence be solved in the entire area of BiH in the same manner.

UDK 630*54:582.632.2(497.6 Sarajevo) U radu je predstavljen metodski pristup utvrđivanja bonitetne dispozicije staništa izdanačkih šuma bukve na području Kantona Sarajevo. Kao primarna naučna građa poslužili su podaci premjera izdanačkih šuma bukve na ovom području koji su obavljeni u toku 2005 i 2006 godine. Za izravnanje visina testiran je veći broj funkcija koje najbolje simuliraju razvojne tendencije sastojina. Izračunate srednje vrijednosti visina po debljinskim stepenima izravnate su primjenom Chapman- Richardove funkcije koja u odnosu na ostale testirane funkcije daje najprihvatljivije izravnanje i najbolje statističke parametre. Istom funkcijom izravnata je gornja i donja granica variranja visina ( H ± t × Sh ).Na taj način je utvrđen pojas ukupnog variranja visina koji je podijeljen na pet jednakih dijelova koji predstavljaju relativne bonitetne klase. Tako je za svaku sredinu bonitetne klase utvrđen matematički model za procjenu boniteta staništa. Nakon toga, utvrđen je matematički model za izračunavanje parcijalnih relativnih boniteta za svaki par izmjerenih ili izračunatih podataka (D1,3 i H ili Ds i Hs).

In this paper we presented the methodology approach in establishing the height curves for quality classification of the site conditions for beech coppice forests growth in the Sarajevo Canton. Data from the inventory in 2005 and 2006 for this area was used as the basic research material. During the work, many functions, known as “growth functions” were tested. The medium value of the tree height per diameter classes was equalized with Chapman-Richard’s function, which was the best result regarding statistical parameters in comparison with other tested functions. The upper and the lower border of height variation was equalized with this function ( h S t H ⋅ ± ) and the established belt of the total height variation. This belt was spitted in five equal sub belts, which represented relative qualitative classes. In this way we established the mathematical model for quality determination. Each sub belt was mathematically determined as well. Consequently, the mathematical model for calculation (determination) of single tree relative qualitative class was established based on the measured data: the diameter and the height of the tree, (D1,3 and H or Ds and Hs).

Possibilities of the GIS tools implementation in testing of the most appropriate shape and optimal number of the exemplary surfaces as the sample units for the assessment of the forest land areas in forest inventories in large areas are presented in this paper. * Rad prezentiran na III simpoziju poljoprivrede, veterinarstva, šumarstva i biotehnologije sa međunarodnim učešćem Strategija razvoja domaće proizvodnje, 28 – 30 septembar/rujan 2005. Sanski Most 1 Šumarski fakultet Univerziteta u Sarajevu – Faculty of Forestry University of Sarajevo Ahmet Lojo & Besim Balić During the testing, different shapes of the clusters were considered. Exemplary areas in clusters are formed in digital form and systematically distributed in different square grids, keeping the same covered area – the same rate of the selection in the overall sample. For testing , real data on forest areas – vector maps, was used as the sample, this cover about one tenth of the total area of Bosnia and Herzegovina, or the forest area and forest land. All maps were aggregated in one layer, which in turn produced a single map of all cultures. Using the method of overlapping of layers and at the same time overlapping of their data bases, one can easily get to the result which is similar to that from the forest inventory. Subsequent to further statistical analysis of the resulting bases, it is possible to get the answer which one of the sample models is the most representational and which one presents the closest data to the areas in relation with the real ones. This paper, in essence, does not provide final answers, but only gives the guidelines for the method by which it is possible to reach these answers. This method was used in the process of methodology development for the second state forest inventory in Bosnia and Herzegovina.