Recent studies showed that Buxtonella sulcata (B. sulcata) may be a potential causative agent of periodical recurrent diarrhoea of unknown etiology in cattle. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and intensity of infection of B. sulcata and its role in diarrhoea in cattle in Sarajevo area. A total of 412 faecal samples were collected from cattle of different ages (189 young and 223 adults). The overall rate of infection was 27,2%, with a significant difference between young and adults (33,3% vs 21,9%). In animals infected with B. sulcata diarrhoea was present in 57,1% young and 51,0% adults, with no significant difference between them. The frequency of diarrhoea incidence increased proportionally to the intensity of infection with B. sulcata, either young or adults, in a typical logarithmic trend in both age groups (R2=0,97). In samples with more than 2000 cysts per 1 g of faeces diarrhoea was found in almost 80% of adults, and in 100% of young animals. The results obtained here indicate that young animals are more prone to the infection with B. sulcata, but regardless of age the cattle similarly responds to the infection. Key words: cattle, protozoa, Buxtonella sulcata, diarrhoea, Sarajevo

Iodine is an essential element to humans and animals. It is a constituent of the thyroid hormones and its deficiency causes goitre and may increase the risk for intellectual deficiency in affected populations. Iodine deficiency disorders represent a significant public health problem in 118 countries worldwide (Vitti et al., 2001). Among them, thirty-two European countries were still affected by mild to Abstract

The development of agricultural production is one of the economic priorities for Bosnia and Herzegovina. The dairy sector, including primary animal products and processed dairy foods, is a core sector for agricultural development. In 2006 the agriculture sector contributed about 10.4% of GDP, in 2008 8.4%, 2009 7.8%, 2011 8.7% and 2012 8.2%. Dairy farming dominates agricultural production and total livestock production contributes almost 60% of agricultural GDP. Milk production should be primarily directed towards cheaper and better quality of products. This is possible with active credit lines, more investment in the modernization and expansion of existing production capacity, as well as with construction of new large specialized farms, and new technologies, especially in the way of housing and handling of animals, nutrition, hygiene, etc. Current work is a brief review of the dairy sector at the past quarter century prepared by using data from different sources.

Modern breeds of dairy animals are able to produce huge amount of milk. In attempt to consume, digest and metabolize enough nutrients to satisfy lactation needs, those animals are exposed to serious stress conditions that can affect their health. Health problems which arise from those conditions are mainly related to impaired ability to metabolize enough nutrients to compensate for those lost in milk. They are known as metabolic or production diseases and may be of great economic importance in milk production systems.

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of diets supplemented with egg yolks of modified composition on the fatty-acid composition and lipid content in rat’s liver. During four weeks of the experiment 64 Wistar rats were divided into four groups of 16 individuals each (eight individuals of both sexes) and fed a commercial feed mixture for rats (group C) or diet containing 70% commercial mixture for rats and 30% freshly cooked egg yolks from laying hens fed diets with 3% fish oil (group F), 3% palm olein (group P) or 3% lard (group L). Dietary supplementation with egg yolks significantly increased the hepatic cholesterol pool in rats, regardless of the type of fat in the diet of laying hens from which the eggs originated. The content of α-linolenic acid in the liver of male rats in group P was 4-6 times higher compared to males in the other groups. Liver lipids and their fatty-acid composition differ by both, sex and dietary modified egg yolk composition in rats.

Common feeds usually contain essential minerals but often in insufficient amounts or in suboptimal ratios. Beside basic feeds, animals require dietary mineral supplements in order to maintain good health and production, especially if kept in confinement permanently. Adequate mineral uptake together with food and water intake represents one of the basic requirements for successful animal production. Animal feeding practice uses numerous mineral supplements to provide calcium. Limestone (calcium carbonate) is the most widely used out of them all. The aim of this paper was to examine the variability in composition of limestone for animal feeds produced in B&H in relation to the current national Regulations on Animal Feed. Content of calcium (Ca) was determined in 71 samples of limestone, content of magnesium (Mg) in 56, and content of iron (Fe) in 29 samples. All samples originated from two B&H producers. Minerals Ca, Mg and Fe were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results showed that the composition of limestone for animal feeds varied widely in relation to the current Regulations on Animal Feed. Content of Ca ranged from 22,8% to 39,78%, and content of Mg from 0,13% to 12,28%. Key words: limestone, calcium, magnesium

The effects of an anionic versus cationic (control) diet on plasma mineral levels and health status were investigated in 24 dry pregnant Holstein-Friesian cows during the last 3 weeks of pregnancy. The cows were in their third or fourth parity, had a moderate level of milk production in their previous lactation, and did not have a history of milk fever. The anionic diet significantly improved plasma calcium status, as compared to the control (2.18 vs. 1.99 mmol L -1 ) and nonsignificantly reduced the incidence of subc linical hypocalcemia (1/12 vs. 5/12) without affecting other periparturient diseases. Other plasma mineral levels were unaffected, except chloride, which was higher in the anionic group. The results show that an anionic diet could improve calcium status around the time of parturition and reduce the incidence of subclinical hypocalcemia when fed to moderate producing dairy cows not predisposed to milk fever.

Tijekom 2003-2004. godine pratili smo kretanje sadržaja olova u fitogenim, animalnim i mineralnim komponentama te kompletnim krmnim smjesama za hranidbu peradi. Za kemijsku analizu ukupno su prikupljena 123 uzorka i to: 61 uzorak fitogenih, 15 uzoraka animalnih, 20 uzoraka mineralnih krmiva i 27 uzoraka krmnih smjesa koje su proizvedene u TSH i MSH (mješaonica sto ne hrane) na podru ju Bosne i Hercegovine. Kemijske analize izvršene su u laboratoriju Katedre za hranu i ishranu životinja Veterinarskog fakulteta Sveu ilišta u Sarajevu. Sadržaj Pb odre en je metodom plamene atomske apsorpcijske spektrofotometrije – AAS prema A.O.A.C.-u. Dobiveni rezultati kemijske analize svedeni su na 88% suhe tvari i statisti ki obra eni. Prosje an sadržaj Pb (mg/kg) u fitogenim krmivima iznosio je: kukuruz 0,469, pšenica 0,569, lucerka 3,152, sto no brašno 1,332, sojina sa ma 1,652, suncokretova sa ma 1,808 uz varijacijski raspon od 0,354 do 4,006. U animalnim krmivima prosje an sadržaj olova (mg/kg) iznosio je: u kvascu 3,322 i ribljem brašnu 5,899 uz variacionu širinu od 2,113 do 7,036, a u mineralnim krmivima, u sto noj kredi 17,579 i DiCa-P 13,700 uz varijacijski raspon od 12.480 do 20,270. Sadržaj Pb u kompletnim krmnim smjesama za perad prosje no je iznosio 3,315 mg/kg, uz varijacijski raspon od 1,542 do 7,504 mg/kg.

Tijekom 2000. godine, slu ajnim uzorkovanjem potpunih krmnih smjesa za pastrve u ribogojilištima na podru ju Bosne i Hercegovine prikupljen je i na kemijsku analizu dostavljen 31 uzorak i to: 16 uzoraka za mla i 15 uzoraka za rast i tov. Od ukupnog broja, 29 uzoraka vodilo je podrijetlo od inozemnih proizvo a a. Kontrola deklariranog sastava izvršena je kemijskom analizom u laboratoriju Katedre za hranu i ishranu životinja Veterinarskog fakulteta Univerziteta u Sarajevu. Utvr eno je da su krmne smjese za mla prosje no sadržavale: vlage 6,14%, bjelan evina 50,46%, masno e 16,92%, vlaknine 1,18%, i pepela 8,87%. Krmne smjese za rast i tov pastrve prosje no su sadržavale: vlage 6,97%, bjelan evina 43,86%, masno e 15,82%, vlaknine 2,25%, i pepela 7,43%. Prosje an sadržaj mineralnih elemenata u svim uzorcima iznosio je: kalcija 1,56%, fosfora 1,29%, magnezija 0,17%, natrija 0,51%, kalija 1,00%, željeza 247,45 mg/kg, mangana 53,79 mg/kg, bakra 10,39 mg/kg i cinka 147,17 mg/kg.

In this experiment the influence of stocking density on the body conformation of broiler carcasses was investigated. One hundred and twenty broiler chickens were divided into three groups; each group comprised 40 chickens. At the end of the first week of the fattening period 20 chickens in each group were marked by random sampling. The first testing group (P1) represented the one with a lower stocking density (12 chickens per square meter); the second one (P2) with a higher stocking density (18 chickens per square meter), while the control group (K) was set in accordance with the technological recommendations (15 chickens per square meter). Breast circumference, drumstick circumference, keel length (crista sterni), breast depth and breast angle were monitored and measured on a weekly basis. Body conformation measures were determined on the carcasses in a horizontal position with their backs placed on the table. The appropriate instruments such as millimetre tape, caliper and ZP-3 protractor were used. In addition, a weekly live weight and feed consumption were measured. Production results (live weight, gain, feed-to-gain ratio and European Production Index (EPI) were calculated. Carcass grades were calculated based on the mass ratio of the cooled carcass and the live body weight before slaughtering. The research findings have confirmed that overcrowding in production facilities is always risky in regard to the expected production results. In contrast, by fully conforming to the production technology requirements, it is possible to achieve better production results.

Da bi se ispitao sadržaj bakra u hranidbenom lancu tlo-biljka-ovca, na podru ju Nisi ke visoravni su tijekom ljeta 2003. godine ispitani uzorci tla, pase i krvi životinja. Srednje vrijednosti bakra su u pasi od 0,56 ppm u svibnju i 0,72 ppm u lipnju i indiciraju manjkav sadržaj ovog elementa. To potvr uju i njegove koncentracije u krvi ovaca od 0,39 ppm. Iako je tlo sadržavalo 18,85 ppm (svibanj) i 20,01 ppm bakra (lipanj), zbog interakcije s drugim elementima kao sto su Fe, Mo i S nemogu e je dati generalnu ocjenu o statusu bakra bez istraživanja spomenutih minerala.