concept and and/or assembly of data; data analysis and interpretation; Research on moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) is closely connected with primary and secondary cardiovascular protection but also can be associated with primary bypass patency and outcome of endovascular treatment for critical iliac stenosis TASC II A and B. After specific surgical or non-surgical treatment, iliac bypass or endovascular revascularization patency still depends on an individual and is still in the eye of scientific research modalities. Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) is an efficient surrogate parameter in detection and prediction of cerebrovascular events and potential marker of generalized atherosclerosis with prognosis of peripheral arterial disease related to prognosis of atherosclerotic coronary hemodynamic pathology. Materials and methods. A total of 139 patients were observed during 4 years of MICT. Ultrasonography of the distal part of the common carotid artery (CCA) was performed to measure CIMT before and after revascularization procedure. The bypass patency and walking distance was also studied. Results. In the total population, no difference in changes of CIMT from baseline was observed between the standard exercise group and controls in 4 years. However, there was a significant correlation between the effect of exercise training and CIMT within 4 years. CIMT was not significantly reduced in the exercise group compared with control non-diabetic patients. Conclusions. Exercise training in both groups did not significantly change carotid intima-media thickness in the four years following endovascular procedure and Dacron bypass revascularization, but significant beneficial effect of moderate-intensity continuous training on bypass patency was observed in patients with mild or without claudication symptoms as well as on subjective and objective health status.

Background: Kinematic parameters are an indispensable segment in the analysis of all throwing disciplines, including javelin throw. They are also an indicator of possible differences between competitors of different or the same rank of the competition and are an important factor for achieving a good result. The aim of the study was to determine the spatial and temporal differences of kinematic parameters in the javelin throw between the male and female finalists of the World Championships. Methods: The study was conducted on a sample of finalists in the World Athletics Championships (Berlin 2009-Daegu 2011) with the aim of determining the differences between the kinematic parameters of the male and between the female javelin throwers. The sample included a total of 32 competitors in both categories. To obtain the necessary results, a t-test for independent samples was applied. Result: statistically significant differences were confirmed between male finalists in 60% of kinematic parameters: release velocity (t=3,504; pConclusion: Generally speaking, this research showed that significant differences were observed between male finalists and between female finalists. Mostly, these are kinematic parameters that have proven to be paramount in the resultant performance of these championship throwers. One should not forget the influence of exogenous factors, above all air currents and javelin behavior as an aerodynamic device. An ideal biomechanical model of the thrower can be made based on the differences in the kinematic parameters of the top medal winners at the Berlin WCh in 2009 and the Daegu WCh in 2011.

Athletic decathlon is psychophysically very challenging athletic competition that takes place over two consecutive days. Decathlon athletes are usually said to be the most dexterous and versatile athletes because they have to be good in all disciplines. It is the only competition where the athlete is struggling with themselves, as all disciplines are scored, and the winner is the one who has the most points (Pts) after the last discipline. This survey included five top 10 decathlon world record holders for the period from 1984 to 2016 and their results. Those five athletes areDaley Thompson, Dan O’Brien, Thomas Dvorak, Roman Sebrle, and Ashton Eaton. The main objective of the research was to analyze and determine the differences between the results of the record results in the decathlon and their best personal results. A t-test for small independent samples was applied to obtain the necessary information. The results obtained confirmed statistically significant differences in 50% of the disciplines for both levels of significance. Differences were evident in disciplines like high jump (t=-4,440; p<0.011), 110m hurdles (t=-3,769; p<0,020), discus (t=-3,958; p<0.017), pole vault (t=-4,706; p<0.009) and 1500m (t=-2,903; p<0.044). On the basis of the point distribution, the so-called dominance is noticeable in the so called motor disciplines versus technical and power disciplines.

Background: Some of main raisons for the elderly graft occlusion after successful aortal-iliac, aortal Femoral and Femoral Distal Vein Bypass, progression of main disease, continuing bad life Habits and uncontrolled risk factors such are mostly: poor nutrition traditional or fast food, Smocking and Lacks of Walking and Physical Activity Habits. Objective: The primary objective of the study was to estimate influence of Interval Walking Training Program combine with Tribulus Terrestris, 3-5 gram of Taurine and high dose of 1800mg supplementation of ALA on primary potency and vascular treatment. Secondary goals of this study is determinate by establishing better understanding connection between ordinary vascular walking therapy 30-45 min and interval walking program combine with Tribulus Terrestris, Taurine and high dose of and ALA as secondary supplementation after surgical and endovascular treatment. Methodology: The study included 112 patients, at the Clinic of cardiovascular surgery, Clinical Center University of Sarajevo, age between 50 and 75 (50 patients surgical treated with aortic-iliac, aortic-femoral and femoral distal vein bypass with and without Linton-patch/Taylor patch-first group) and (62 endovascular Iliac treated patients (indication TASC II A and B) with and without support Tribulus Terrestris, high dose of ALA and Taurine - second group). Results: Final analysis has reveal the rehabilitation outcome in 83% patients with bypass above the knee was fully rehabilitated compared to 46,6% patients with bypass below the knee was statistically considered significant by using p value less than (p<0,05) In anamnestic history in 83% patient with amputation above the knee was documented the presence of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, nicotinismus and diabetes compared to 66,7% of patients with amputation level below the knee but there was no statistically significant difference (p>0,05). Conclusion: Interval Walking Training Program on Tribulus Terrestris, Taurine and high dose of ALA had a significantly and successfully higher bypass potency and rehabilitation prognosis compare to patients without supplementation and postsurgical physical therapy concept. It is obviously the is certain link between physical activity, life style modification and serum testosterone on primary bypass potency.

Aim: The aim of the applicative study was to estimate the increasing capability of claudications distance in Fontaine's stage IIa patients of Peripheral artery disease (PAD) with Body Mass Index (BMI) 25-34,9 kg/m2 and Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) 0,8-0,9 by comparing Stationary Bike on High Dose of Alpha-Lipoic Acid (ALA) versus Treadmill wallking program on standard Dose of Alpha-Lipoic Acid (ALA) in Exercise Therapy with life style modification. Patients and methods: This study was conducted from beginning of May, 2017 till end of May, 2018 at the Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery Clinical Center and Department for vascular and endovascular surgery, University of Sarajevo, Special Hospital dr. Solakovic, Sarajevo and Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sarajevo. In the study included 60 male patients, age 40-55 with Peripheral Artery Disease (Ankle Brachial Index/ABI) 0,8-0,9, and Body Mass Index (BMI) 25 to 34,9 kg/m2 (30 non surgical traetment patients on standard Treadmill wallking program (control group) and research group consisting of 30 non surgical treatment patients on Stationary Bike), in stadium IIa of peripheral artery disease, with manifestation of mild claudication simptoms. For the testing of statistical significance of differences between the examinated groups parametric tests were used. The difference at a level of (p Results: Analysis shows the no statistically significantdifference between on claudication distance inStationary Bike grupsand impellers standard Treadmill wallking group (p>0,05). Conclusion: Stationary Bike Interval Training can be alternative vascular Therapy and has his on benefits but he can notentirely replace Treadmill Therapy in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease with BMI 25-34.9kg/m2. Treadmill Rehabilitation Therapy still remain generally main strategy of the therapeutic effect on enhancement of claudication distance (Fontaine's stage II) of peripheral artery disease.

Kinematic parameters often crucially influence the performance in athletic disciplines. This is especially evident for top athletes who have almost identical morphological, motor and functional parameters. The differences that affect the sporting result are generally attributed to a better performance technique that is often the consequence of the different values of the individual's kinematic parameters. This study analyzes the differences between the defined kinematic parameters in the discipline Pole vault. The sample included 16 men and women athletes who competed in the finals of the World Championships (Daegu, 2011) and a total of 9 kinematic parameters were selected. The results were obtained by applying the T-test module for small independent samples, confirming the differences between men and women's finalists in Daegu, 2011. Statistically significant differences were recorded eight of nine kinematic parameters (about 89%). Significant differences were recorded in the following kinematic parameters: total run-up distance (T=5,312; p<0,01), number of steps (T=2,712; p<0,05), average step length (T=6,725; p<0,01), VA (T=18,430; p<0,01), AP (T=8,326; p<0,01); ¹average step length last (T=2,662; p<0,01); ²average step length last (T=8,303; p<0,01), ³average step length last (T=8,362; p<0,01). Article visualizations:

Anthropometric characteristics, represent one of the most important subsystems within the “system” of man, and which can be in affected by physical exercises in the direction of the desired transformation. Very often the anthropometric parameters (height and weight) are used in the assessment of the morphological status of an individual, and on the basis of the results of Body Mass Index (BMI) bring certain estimates and conclusions. BMI as a statistical measures, is used in many public health campaigns as an approximate measure of the ideal body mass and the degree of nutrition of a population. The main goal of the research was to determine and analyze differences in BMI parameters between male and female students, aged 18±0.5 years, and determine the trend of changes. Using the T-test module, the obtained results confi rmed that there are statistically signifi cant differences in body height (t=8,17; p<0.001) and body weight (t=5,29; p<0.001), while in BMI values there are not statistically signifi cant differences (t=-0.68, p>0.001). Based on BMI values, a positive trend of somatic changes of both poles is evident. Research Article The body composition analysis: Differences between students and the trend of their change Ratko Pavlović1*, Zoran Radić2, Irina Juhas3 and Mensur Vrcić4 1Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina 2Faculty of Physical Education, Sport and Health, University of Skopje, Macedonia 3Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Belgarde, Serbia 4Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina *Address for Correspondence: Ratko Pavlović, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Email: pavlovicratko@yahoo.com Submitted: 09 March 2018 Approved: 21 March 2018 Published: 22 March 2018 Copyright: 2018 Pavlović R, et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Objectives: Anthropometric traits are closely related to health improvement as well as motor skills, psychological and sociological development. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the differences in anthropometric traits of high school students and trend of changes among them. Methods: The anthropometric parameters including weight, height and body mass index (BMI) were measured in 60 male and female students, aged 17 ± 0.5 years. Descriptive statistics and t-independent test was used to analyze the data. Results: The results suggested that there were statistically significant differences in the height (t = 7.40; P < 0.000) and body weight (t = 3.62; P < 0.001) of male and female students, while no significant difference was found in BMI values in the two groups (t = -0.33, P > 0.001). In addition, it was suggested that 68% of male and female high school with mean BMI of 25 and 13 respectively, had normal nutrition status. 14.6% of male and 10.5% of female students had malnutrition. 21% of female students and 17% of male students had an excessive malnutrition. Conclusions: Although, today’s development is moving towards the advancement of technology, the life style especially nutrition status and physical activity needs to be seriously considered. However, mush research is needed to understand the effective factors on life style of different age groups especially students who are so involved in threaten of hypokinesian lifestyle.

Aerobic fitness, endurance, and cardiovascular endurance are synonyms for work capacity, which itself is an important prerequisite for the health and life of every man. A very common way of assessing the state of aerobic fitness of a particular population are diagnostic tests on the basis of which we receive the necessary information when it comes to general physical condition of a defined population. This diagnostic evaluation is usually performed in the laboratory (direct methods), however, available and reliable data are about high reliability in the performance of some field tests (indirect methods). Depending on the field conditions, very often these measurements are performed using estimates of general ability (test UKK 2km). To perform this test data about body height, body weight, BMI, the values of the pulse rate and walking time during the test must be contained in it. Based on testing using the UKK 2km are obtained Fitness Index values (FINDEX) and maximal oxygen consumption (VO²max) of 35 male students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of East Sarajevo (BIH) in order to determine and define the physical condition of respondents. The results showed that the fitness index (103.22) in the upper zone average (103.22) and VO²max = 49.12 reflects good shape, but still the results indicate toward decreasing trend in students' aerobic fitness, and  have fitness index values below the standard norms of the Swedish population. The general trend of decreasing aerobic fitness of the population can be seen in the sport and physical education students, as a consequence of lifestyle in which there is not enough adequate physical activity. Article visualizations:

The aim of the study was to estimate the increasing capability of claudications distance in Fontaine's stage IIa of peripheral artery disease by influence of irregular acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) therapy and life style modification, combined with regular physical activity in diabetic and non-diabetic patients age over 55, in order to establish if there were any improvements in claudication distance in the both groups of patients. Method: This study was conducted from beginning of January, 2014 till end of January, 2015 at the Clinic of Vascular Surgery, Clinical Center University of Sarajevo and included 60 patients age over 55 (30 patients who have diabetes mellitus and impellers group consisting of 30 patients who were clinically confirmed not to have diabetes mellitus), male and female, in stadium IIa of peripheral artery disease, with manifestation of mild claudication symptoms. For the testing of statistical significance of differences between the exanimated groups non-parameter and parameter tests were used. The difference at a level of p<0,05 was statistically significant. Results: In all the tested patients, we investigated increasing of claudications distance in diabetic and non-diabetic patients age over 55 years after one year study. Analysis shows the statistically significant influence of antiplatelet therapy (Acetylsalicylic acid) (ASA), combined with physical activity and life style modification on claudications distance over 500 meters in 25 patients without diabetes mellitus in (83% p<0,05), compared to 12 patents with diabetes mellitus (40% p<0,05). Sixteen of non-diabetic patients (53%) were on antiplatelet therapy over 4 years, on permanent treatment, compared to 4 diabetic patients or (3%) (p<0,05). Conclusion: These clinical combined factors appeared to us as being the main strategy of the therapeutic effect on enhancement of claudication distance (Fontaine's stage II) of peripheral artery disease in patients with diabetes mellitus, as well as patients without it. Article visualizations:

The need to get 'fit' has resulted in a planetary fitness centre expansion, which has by the principle of cause and effect brought out a massive number of different fitness exercising programmes, methods, equipment and props, with an aim to achieve better and faster training results, i.e. the wanted transformational anthropological status. The new fitness programs are emerging almost every day, which in spite of a vast marketing support and a current publicity are forgotten very fast. Within those conditions, in order to achieve satisfaction and trust of your clients, the offered programmes need to produce wanted effects in regards to the transformation of targeted abilities or characteristics of those who perform exercises. This presents constant challenges to the fitness industry, along with the obligation to seek for optimum, scientifically accepted and proven exercising methods. It is because of those reasons that the professional fitness centres are interested in introducing and applying only proven training methods, using highly sophisticated and technologically advanced equipment. This paper deals with a detail analysis of vibration training methods as one of the three methods which have been developed through a research designed for the astronauts. It was released into public after the fall of the “Berlin Wall 1989” and opening the secret USSR and USA documents. The current research defines the related units starting from epistemology of the vibration training, its application as an alternative to developing conditional capacities (strength, muscle endurance, increasing mobility, elasticity, muscle coordination and the balance between reduced pain and muscle tone, increasing peripheral circulation, etc.) clinical use in physiotherapy and vibration training (in regards to strength increase, power, flexibility, mineral bone density, increased cardio-vascular functions as well as reducing pain) and vibration training as one of the means to athlete recovery (body's regeneration processes) so as to prevent negative training effects (the development of overtraining and chronic fatigue). Each of the units will contain information which is relevant to the theory and practice in sport, recreation and convalescence of athletes and patients. Article visualizations:

Mensur Vrcić , Ratko Pavlović , Sid Solaković, Erol Kovačević 1 and Ensar Abazović Faculty of Sports and Physical Education, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina 3 Clinic for Vascular Surgery, Clinical Center in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina 4 Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Croatia

Introduction: Knowledge leakage about potential Testosterone side effects on mental and physical condition is present in many young recreational bodybuilders in Bosnia and Herzegovina between 18 and 25 years of age, who have no motivation to compete and who suffer from the Muscle dysmorphia Adonis Complex. Risk factors such as aggression behaviour, acne vulgaris, gynecomastia, arterial hypertension and increasing lipid levels represent major side effects. Some risk factors such as arterial hypertension and increased lipid levels play important role in the pathogenicity of Testosterone when combined with Mass Supplements. These risk factors are responsible for the occurrence of permanent cardiovascular damage in young recreational bodybuilders. Objective: The aim of the study was to estimate the side effects of abusing testosterone in young recreational bodybuilders who have no motivation to compete. This Study will try to estimate and analyse the influence of testosterone side effects on vascular status HDL/LDL (High-density lipoprotein/Low-density lipoprotein serum lipid) levels, aggression behaviour, presence of acne vulgaris, gynecomastia, and arterial hypertension in young recreational bodybuilders aged between 18 and 25 in Bosnia and Herzegovina after a 2 year research. Methods: The prospective study included 100 individuals included in the recreational exercising programme in the period between July 2014 and July 2016. 50 individuals abusing testosterone during the 2 year period were compared with 50 individuals who were not abusing testosterone. Non-invasive methods were used in all individuals (clinical examination and laboratory tests of lipid levels). The routine of anaerobic weight training units in the Gym for both groups was 1,5 – 3,5 hours, 4-6 times per week. Results: Final analysis has revealed that statistically dominant population of young testosterone drug abusers are males (100%) or 50 individuals. Analysis has revealed that the testosterone abuse group have increased levels of LDL lipid serum when compared with the other group and it is the most dominant side effect. HDL (High-density lipoprotein) levels under 1,03 mmol/L were more present in Testosterone abuser group in 45 individuals or (93,3%) and was statistically considered significant (p<0,05). Conclusions: Recreational male bodybuilders between 18 and 25 years of age are dominant testosterone abusers, trying to achieve better muscle proportion and physical performance neglecting the testosterone side effects. We could not prove health benefits from increased serum and for young recreational bodybuilders one of the serious health consequence of using testosterone during recreational exercising programme were the devastating LDL lipid levels which is also connected with the development of arterial hypertension and hyperlipidaemia progressing the pathogenicity of cardiovascular disease followed by devastating health disorders. The benefits of anaerobic weight training for those who abused testosterone in regards to their cardiovascular safety have not been confirmed.

The aim of this study was to identify differences between athletes in jumping disciplines of European Indoor Championships held from 6-8 March 2015 in Prague. The sample included 66 athletes (33 female and 33 male), who participated in the qualifiers and finals. The results achieved in qualification and final appearances have been analyzed in four official jumping events (long jump, triple jump, high jump, pole vault). Using the module's t-test the results were obtained that showed that 56% of male and female athletes in all disciplines achieved better final than the qualifying result, while 28% achieved a better result in qualifying than in the final. Also 14% of the athletes achieved the same result in both appearances (disciplines high jump, pole vault). Statistically significant differences for the level (p<0,05) between the qualifications and finals were recorded in the disciplines of long jump (women) and triple jump (men).