Introduction This study aims to examine can sport protect children against loneliness and, if yes, whether this relationship depends on gender and/or sports-related variables. Methods The sample includes 762 10-year-old children (414 boys). The total score of The Children's Loneliness Scale is a dependent variable in the study, while sports participation (sports active—individual or team sports, or non-active) and level/duration of sports participation are independent variables. Results Obtained results indicate that the degree of loneliness differs depending on gender and whether the children are in sports activities or not. Unlike the level of sports participation, the duration of sports participation is relevant to the loneliness degree in both boys and girls. Discussion This research results could represent the right direction for educators and/or parents in their endeavor to preserve and develop school-age children's mental health.

Introduction: Spleen acts as blood reservoir both in animals and human beings. Spleen contracts during the exercise and so augment the systemic circulation and helps body to maintain longer on high intensity exercise. Reviewing all available literature, the human spleen shows a decrease in volume, in range from 8% to 56%, depending on the work intensity. Aim: To evaluate the percentage of the decrease in splenic volume after the treadmill exercise at specific workloads: aerobic threshold intensity, anaerobic threshold intensity, submaximal intensity and maximal intensity. Methods: This prospective study with repeated measurements included 16 healthy subjects, divided in two groups. First group consisted of 8 elite long-distance runners and second group of 8 recreational runners. First testing consisted of treadmill ergospirometry test. This data was crucial for the second testing where subjects were exercising on treadmill at specific workloads. Four specific workloads were determined: treadmill exercise at aerobic threshold intensity (1st workload), anaerobic threshold intensity (2nd workload), submaximal intensity (3rd workload) and maximal intensity (4th workload). Workloads were controlled by the speed of treadmill, for each subject individually regarding the ergospirometry test. Ultrasound measurement of spleen was done before and after each workload. Results: Elite long-distance runners showed greater spleen contraction than recreational runners after four workloads. Spleen contraction was the biggest after the 3rd workload in elite long-distance runners. Smallest contraction was in group of recreational runners after the 1st workload. Statistically significant difference was not found between the groups, regarding the splenic volume after exercise at four specific workloads (p>0.05). Conclusion: Elite long-distance runners had greater decrease in splenic volume than recreational runners, after exercise at four specific workloads, without significant difference. Greatest decrease happened in elite long-distance runners, after exercise at submaximal intensity - 49% decrease in splenic volume.

Aims: Determine health effects of programmed physical activities on blood fats in peripheral arterial disease of lower limbs or in examinees on medication therapy and examinees performing programmed physical activities along with the medication therapy. Methods: Overall research has been carried out at the Clinic for Vascular Disease CCUS. Before involvement into the study, examinees had to meet the inclusion criteria. Research was carried out as randomized controlled trial including 100 patients with arterial disease of lower limbs, who meet inclusion criteria: control group (CG, n=50) and test group (TG, n=50). Total level of cholesterol was used for effects assessment of 28 weeks of applied programmed activity in patients. Results: Values of total cholesterol (tCh) and triglycerides before and after treatment in patients of CG and TG showed statistically significant change of its mean values. Significant decrease were marked in tCh and triglycerides levels in TG compared to CG. Conclusion: Adequate programmed physical activities in patients with peripheral vascular disease appeared as very successful in treated patients. Results indicate statistically significant decrease of the cholesterol and triglycerides after the treatment. Physical activity used in the treatment made partial regression of arterial diseases and saved patients for undergoing to surgery. Lower level of total cholesterol represents a ten year period prevention of initial stage in progress of arterial diseases.

Goal: The goal of the article is to examine level of hemodynamic improvement in the peripheral artery diseases of lower limbs among patients on medication therapy and patients included in programmed physical activities simultaneously with the medication therapy. Material and methods: Prospective-retrospective study includes 100 patients of the Clinic for Vascular Disease, Clinical Center of Sarjevo University (CCUS). It has been found out that the majority of patients in both groups were males. Average age of patients in control group was 48.60±3.82. Average value of claudication distance for patients in control group was 277 m, while the value for patients in test group was 270 m. Results: At the end of research the analysis of average PSV values proved significant difference in relation to examined groups (p<0.05). Average PSV value statistically significantly decreased in both groups after the treatment. According to the obtained results it was determined that the claudication distance of control group was statistically considerably smaller in comparison to the average claudication distance in the test group. Conclusion: It was established that the chance for the patients to have claudication distance within reference values is 2.57 times higher in the test group in comparison with the patients in the control group after the treatment.

Goals: The goal of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the organization and coordination of multidisciplinary team consisted of health and kinesiology professionals at the correction of posture among girls in the period of the second phase of intense growth and development. Material and methods: Testing was conducted on a sample of 70 girls, aged 11.9±2.3 years, in which by the expert evaluation is recorded weakness of individual muscle groups, but also of the whole musculature. For the assessment of posture we applied the method of Napoleon Wolanski. Used are 9 variables that included the observed region of the body and an overall assessment of posture. The subjects were included in the program of kinesiology treatment with duration of 28 weeks. For all the parameters have been applied statistical procedures at univariate and multivariate level. Results: Data on subjects were obtained by measuring the same variables at two time points, i.e. before and after the application of kinesiology treatments. Analyses of differences arithmetic mean and mean values were done with the t-test for paired samples. In order to determine global quantitative differences of tested variables tested discriminant analysis was applied. The results showed that the models which complement the experience and practical application of expert health professionals and kinesiology knowledge is a very effective tool for improving posture of girls in the second phase of intensive growth and development. In this way can be prevented health problems that might arise later in life.