Abstract Introduction The aim of the study was to analyse the deviations of the body posture and to assess the occurrence of spine deformities. Additionally, Body Mass Index in school children was related to the trend in postural deformities for different age groups (5-8 years old, n=112; 9-11 years old, n=205; 12-14 years old, n=212) as part of the project “Spine Lab”, granted from the European Commission IPA founds, investigating the importance of public health issues. Methods Body posture was measured using Contemplas 3D software analyser, based on video image trajectory and BIA weight scale (Tanita BC 420). Overall, 17 variables were assessed, and differences were confirmed using MANOVA analysis. Results The results showed that there is a significant difference between age groups for the measured variables (F=9.27; p<0.01; η2=0.26), suggesting a moderate difference across the age span. Conclusion The study results showed that there is a negative trend of increasing Body Mass Index within the first and youngest age group. The fact is that the trend of increasing deformity of the shoulder belt has been noted, often inclining towards the formation of milder forms of kyphotic posture. Other forms of deformity that are accentuated in the survey results are the negative trend of increasing pelvic rotation and pelvis rotation which inclines towards the formation of lordotic posture for all three age groups.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine whether there were and what was the structure of probable differences in physical condition preparedness (fitness) of schoolboy Greco-Roman style wrestlers between different weight groups (Lightweight, Middleweight and Heavyweight). METHODS: The study was conducted on a sample of 190 schoolboys (11-13 years old), Greco-Roman style wrestlers. A sample of measuring instruments consisted of 17 tests for the assessment of anthropometric characteristics, motor and functional abilities. Different levels in manifest area of motor and functional abilities of three weight groups were established by univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA). The variables assessing fitness levels and the qualitative differences between them were tested by discriminant analysis. RESULTS: One discriminant variable was obtained that significantly discriminated between the three weight groups of wrestlers. It was defined by strength, coordination of the upper and lower extremities and flexibility. With the increase of weight, from the Lightweight to Heavyweight wrestlers, the results on tests for the evaluation of strength and coordination of the upper and lower extremities progressively declined. On the other hand, in the evaluation of flexibility, the results were grouped in a manner that the Lightweight wrestlers scored the worst, while the Heavy wrestlers were the best. CONCLUSION: The results show the importance of an individual approach to fitness training of schoolboy Greco-Roman style wrestlers as regards different weight groups.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to examine the reliability, validity and usefulness of the 30–15IFT in competitive female soccer players. METHODS: Seventeen elite female soccer players participated in the study. A within subject test-retest study design was utilized to assess the reliability of the 30–15 intermittent fitness test (IFT). Seven days prior to 30–15IFT, subjects performed a continuous aerobic running test (CT) under laboratory conditions to assess the criterion validity of the 30–15IFT. End running velocity (VCT and VIFT), peak heart rate (HRpeak) and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) were collected and/or estimated for both tests. RESULTS: VIFT (ICC = 0.91; CV = 1.8%), HRpeak (ICC = 0.94; CV = 1.2%), and VO2max (ICC = 0.94; CV = 1.6%) obtained from the 30–15IFT were all deemed highly reliable (p > 0.05). Pearson product moment correlations between the CT and 30–15IFT for VO2max, HRpeak and end running velocity were large (r = 0.67, p = 0.013), very large (r = 0.77, p = 0.02) and large (r = 0.57, p = 0.042), respectively. CONCLUSION: Current findings suggest that the 30–15IFT is a valid and reliable intermittent aerobic fitness test of elite female soccer players. The findings have also provided practitioners with evidence to support the accurate detection of meaningful individual changes in VIFT of 0.5 km/h (1 stage) and HRpeak of 2 bpm. This information may assist coaches in monitoring “real” aerobic fitness changes to better inform training of female intermittent team sport athletes. Lastly, coaches could use the 30–15IFT as a practical alternative to laboratory based assessments to assess and monitor intermittent aerobic fitness changes in their athletes.

Background & Study Aim: Karate is sport who has high demands for energy consumption due to constant dynamic movements in training and fights. Transformation process in sport is ability to change body physiology using training methods. The aim of this research are the effects of a three month programmed training on body composition indicators in female karate athletes from 12 to 14 years of age. Material & Methods: Twenty-two female karate athletes from 12 to 14 years of age have been submitted to a three month programmed training. Measuring the body composition indicators was conducted by Tanita BC420SMA – bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA), scale specifically used for the analysis of seven indicators relevant for karate sport, differentiated by weight classes. For determining the programmed training effects, paired sample T-test was used at the level of statistical significance of p<0.05. Results: Three month programmed training resulted in changes regarding weight (p = 0.020), FM% (p = 0.012), FMkg (p = 0.01) and BMI (p = 0.002), and statistically significant increase in variables TBW% (p = 0.007). Concerning the variables FFM, MMSS and TBWkg, there were no statistically significant changes noted. Conclusions: The results of this research have indicated that under the influence of programmed training in karate, positive transformations can be expected within the indicators of body composition in girls between 12 and 14 years of age. Transformation is most certainly a result of natural growth and development occurring in girls, but likewise a combination of programmed training and adequate nutrition.

Background Gripping (kumi kata) constitutes a very important segment of judo fights and fist contact in said fights, based on which the opponent is controlled and dominated during the fight. The goal of this research is the knowledge about differences in gripping configurations between male and female cadets during the execution of throws at a competition. Material & Methods: The analysis included 470 gripping configurations of male cadets and 350 gripping configurations of female cadets at the 2008 European Judo Championship, held in Sarajevo. For the purpose of establishing differences in frequencies, a Chi-square test with a statistical significance of p≤0.05 was used. Results: By analysing the application of different gripping configurations during the execution of throws among male and female cadets, statistically important differences were identified (p<0.05). Male cadets dominate in the same grip and sleeve end grip, whereas female cadets dominate in the opposite gripping configuration. Sukui nage is the most frequent technique in the case of male cadets, from the same, 11.3% and opposite grip, 6.0%, and in the case of female cadets, from the same grip, 6.0%. The ippon seoi nage throw technique is a technique that was mostly used by both groups (6.4% – 5.4%) in the case of the sleeve end grip, whereas the o uchi gari technique 6.3% was mostly used by female cadets in the opposite grip. Conclusions: A well-developed effort to establish a grip may be one of the key factors in the final results of the fight. By learning the different configurations of grips and techniques that can be applied, the contestants have better possibilities of succeeding in competitions.

“Testing Curriculum at the Sarajevo Faculty of Sport and Physical Education” is a Tempus project lead by WUS Austria and University of Sarajevo – Faculty of Sport and Physical Education aiming at comparative analysis of curriculum at the two faculties in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Slovenia and research of the final user group needs for the academic education and science research. Based on the analysis of results this scientific paper tells that different educational processes at the Faculty are coming, which should be directed towards major capacity in the area of organization and management, and no longer exclusively to the processes of physical education (teacher) and training technologies (trainer). Based on this research data, students have a very limited direction in terms of preparation for their future work and in their perception they see their employers exclusively as schools (teaching) and to a lower extent clubs (training). This generally shows in case of all interviewees that there is no good information about possible employers in future outside the schools and clubs. The reason for this situation might be lack of information and interestedness of students in changes occurring in the society, which is present during enrollment, studies and later.

In this work we analyzed phenomenon of team sport organizations such as football, basketball, volleyball and handball. We also analyzed basic organizational configurations of innovative character and its projected model of management pyramidal structure (top, middle and basic level). Phenomenon of management adjustment to transition conditions has opened the issue of innovative model creation within sports organizations management structures of team sports that are made of relatively and conditionally independent subsystems. This opens completely new approach in a modern innovative management projecting model in a way that team sports organizations in their operational core mandatory include managers of all levels, but they keep management functions that determine its pyramidal structure. In all of this, as one separate management structure subsystem closely related with consultant position, presents the right to dispose of property used by sports organizations.

Summary Quality issue of the pure (primary) sporting product and of the service, as well as its reflections on the success of the sporting organisations, has a critical influence. In the sporting industry, especially when talking about the competitive sports, and more than in any other industry, the sporting product quality, and especially the primary product quality (pure sporting product), is very clear and measurable in terms of the realised sporting and business achievements. The purpose of this research work is to objectify the potentials and the attractiveness of the primary sporting product in the following team-sports: football, basketball, volleyball, and team-handball from the Canton of Sarajevo for the competitive 2003/04 season, based on the conducted correlation analyses of the generically significant structure and number of officially held sporting manifestations segment and the business and sporting achievements. By observing the significance of the primary sporting product within team-sports, reflected in the generic structure and number of officially held sporting manifestations segment and its correlation with the business and sporting achievements, it is possible to quantify the successful management of the sporting organisations focused on the sustainable development in terms of the selection of the generic strategies with a clear accent on the fact that only the „efficacy“ of the sporting achievement implies the „quality“ of the business achievement.