BACKGROUND Delirium is a syndrome that occurs in all age groups and in many clinical departments, and is most common in intensive care units. It is an emergency, in the overlapping fields of somatic medicine, neurology and psychiatry. Delirium occurs suddenly, dramatically, and requires a quick reaction, recognition and treatment. There are only a small number of studies that have reported delirium after a stroke. In our study, the goal was to determine the cognitive functionality of patients with delirium after a stroke. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This is a prospective study in which a group of 100 delirium patients in the acute phase of a stroke were evaluated for cognitive function. The control group consisted of the same number of patients with acute stroke who were not diagnosed with delirium. Neurological, neuropsychiatric and neuropsychological tests were performed in all patients at five different time periods. In these time periods, all patients were evaluated: Glasgow Coma Scale; Delirium Assessment Scale; The American National Institutes of Health Scale Assessment; Information-Memory-Concentration test; Dementia Score; Mini-Mental Test. The findings of computed tomography of the brain and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain were interpreted by a radiologist who was not familiar with the goals of this study. RESULTS Cognitive functioning of delirious patients is statistically significantly worse after three and six months, and one year from stroke compared to those without delirium. There is no statistically significant difference in cognitive functioning between delirious patients in relation to gender, age, location and type of stroke and patients without delirium throughout one year from stroke. There is no significant difference in cognitive functioning between delirious patients during one year from stroke in relation to severity and type of delirium, and statistically significantly higher degree of cognitive dysfunction has those older than ≥65 years. CONCLUSIONS Delirium significantly reduces the cognitive functioning of patients after a stroke.

Oleh Hornykiewicz was born on November 17, 1926 in Lamberg, Ukraine. After completing his studies in July 1951, he moved to the "Pharmacological Institute of the University of Vienna". In 1958, he started his research on centrally acting drugs at the same institute and came up with the idea of linking laboratory observations with animals with the basal ganglia of the human brain. Soon, Hornykiewicz initiated a new question: L-DOPA as a therapy for Parkinson's disease? Fortunately, after administration of this new drug, patients were able to perform motor activities which could not be prompted to any comparable degree by any known drug. In the following decades, initial fiction became an unavoidable fact. Dopamine, adapted and combined with carbidopa or benzerazide, has evolved into a drug that no longer recognizes the borders of countries and continents. Distinguished emeritus prof. Oleh Hornykiewicz died on May 26, 2020 at the age of 93 in Vienna, Austria. Unfortunately, despite everything he has done and deserved, the Nobel Prize was not received.

BACKGROUND Sleep apnea is described as an isolated risk factor for stroke or recurrent stroke which could be cause of death. In our study, the aim was to determine whether sleep apnea affects the outcome of stroke patients. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This is a prospective study in which a group of 110 patients in the acute phase of a stroke was evaluated sleep apnea. Acute stroke has been diagnosed either by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. There was no significant difference in patient's age with or without sleep apnea neither in men nor women. Neurological, neuropsychiatric, pulmonary test were performed in all patients at five different time periods. In these time periods, all patients were evaluated: Glasgow scale, The American National Institutes of Health Scale Assessment, Mini Mental Test, The Sleep and snoring Questionnaire Test, The Berlin Questionnaire Test, The Epworth Sleepiness Scale, The Stanford Sleepiness Scale and The general sleep questionnaire. RESULTS One year after the onset of stroke, 91 (82.7%) of 110 patients with apnea survived. The survival rate of patients with sleep apnea is significantly lower than without sleep apnea (p=0.01). In men with apnea, the survival rate was significantly lower in patients without apnea (p=0.004). The largest number of survivors of apnea had diabetes mellitus, followed by survival of patients with heart disease, body mass index >29 kg/m2 and hypertension, with hyperlipoproteinemia and smoking. The highest number of survivors without apnea was body mass index >29 kg/m2, followed by survival of patients with hyperlipoproteinemia, heart disease, hypertension, smoking, and diabetes mellitus. CONCLUSION Patients with sleep apnea have a significant correlation in survival rates compared with sexually and age-matched subjects, associated with concomitant risk factors such as hypertension, body mass index, and smoking.

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of e-CRM tactics on customer loyalty in B2C markets. In addition, this study attempts to explore the mediating roles of customer service quality and perceived value in the e-CRM – customer loyalty relationship. Moreover, the current research explores the relative importance of individual e-marketing tactics (personalization, reward program, online community, and customer service quality) is a customer loyalty model. A conceptual model is empirically tested in the context of the bank industry, using a sample of 203 bank users. The results indicate that e-CRM has a positive indirect effect on customer loyalty via customer service quality. The findings suggest that online services, personalization, and ease of website navigation are the most important factors in influencing customer loyalty. The present study enhances our understanding of the importance of individual e-CRM tactics in influencing customer loyalty and thereby provides valuable insights for marketing managers in service sectors, particularly the banking sector.

Sepsis is a life-threatening condition characterized by a systemic inflammatory response of the body caused by a severe infection. The aim of this study was to examine the importance of hematological parameters and c-reactive protein (CRP) in the diagnosis of sepsis, assessment of disease severity, and prediction of final outcome of these patients. The prospective study included 106 hospitalized patients with a clinical diagnosis of sepsis. Haematological parameters and CRP correlated with sepsis stage, and using ROC (Receiver operating characteristic) analysis were evaluated in the prediction of the final outcome of these patients. Among haematological parameters, patients with sepsis had a significantly higher proportion of total unsegmented neutrophil granulocytes, a lower percentage of lymphocytes, as well as a lower total platelet count (p<0.05 for all measurements). An excellent positive correlation was found between serum CRP concentration and disease stage (r=0.77). The best predictive value for the presence of sepsis was shown by CRP at the cut- off value of 165 mg/L (AUC 0.98), followed by the percentage of unsegmented neutrophil granulocytes for the cut-off value of 15.5 (AUC 0.67), and the percentage of lymphocytes less than 9.9 (AUC 0.66), platelets lower than 118x109/L (AUC 0.63). At the CRP cut-off value of 294.7 mg/L (AUC 0.84; 95% CI 0.74-0.93), death could be predicted in 80.95% of patients with sepsis, with the sensitivity of 43.75% and the specificity of 89.71% (p<0.0001). By monitoring changes in haematological parameters and CRP concentration in combination with other clinical and laboratory indicators, disease severity and final outcome in patients with sepsis can be predicted. Key words: CRP, lymphocytes, platelets, SIRS, sepsis

Background / Aim. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory lung disorder. The effect of asthma drugs on oral health is still the subject of debate among researchers in dentistry. The aim of this study was to evaluate dental status in asthmatic children and evaluate the possible effect of drugs treating asthma on dental health. Methods. Participants were divided into two groups: the asthma (AG) and the non-asthma (NAG) group. Based on symptoms of the asthma and possibility for effective control of the disease, the asthma group was divided into two subgroups. The oral examination of the teeth was performed by the use of probe and mouth mirror under artificial light in accordance with World Health Organization recommendations. Saliva analysis was carried out by GC Saliva-Check Buffer. Results. The present study included 136 children aged from 6 to 16 years. The mean dmft/DMFT (decayed, missing, filled, teeth) of children in the AG group (6.0?4.0/3.3?4.4) was higher than in the NAG group (4.8?4.4/2.5?3.4), but significant differences were not observed between the groups. Salivary pH values were found to be similar in both groups, but a stimulated salivary flow rate was found to be significantly lower in the AG group (p<0.01). Conclusion. Although the prevalence of dental caries in the AG group was similar to the NAG group in this study, decreased stimulated salivary flow rate in the AG group may contribute to higher values of dental caries in asthmatic children in future.

Introduction. Serological testing for SARS-CoV-2 virus infection is a valuable method of estimating the extent of COVID-19 disease prevalence. The study aims to assess the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 virus infection in a specific group of respondents employed in the health insurance sector, to determine the ratio of symptomatic and asymptomatic cases, as well as to examine susceptibility to COVID-19 in relation to the ABO blood group system. Methods. This research was conducted among 150 randomly selected employees from the health insurance sector of the Republic of Srpska. All respondents completed the survey, voluntary consent to participate, and had a blood sample taken. Serum samples were tested for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG antibodies. Results. The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 virus infection was 70.7%. Out of the 100 seropositive respondents, 48% had the presence of a symptom of COVID-19, while 52% had no symptoms of the disease in the period from 1 March 1 2020 until the day of testing. Examining the association between ABO blood group system and seropositivity in our study, we found that the highest seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies among respondents was in blood group B (83.3%), followed by blood group AB (80.0%) and blood group A (75.0%), while the lowest seroprevalence was among respondents with blood group O (54.1%). Conclusion. Among employees in the health insurance sector, SARSCoV-2 seroprevalence of 70.7% was registered. Among respondents with a positive serological result on IgG, 52% were asymptomatic. The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 virus infection is the lowest among subjects with blood group O.