Introduction: Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS syndrome) is a rare, severe, systemic, drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome, the most frequently associated with anticonvulsants. Case Report: A 35-years-old woman with a history of depression and hypothyroidism developed fever 39.5°C, enlarged, painful neck and axillary lymph nodes, slight facial edema around the mouth, confluent maculopapular rash, and laboratory signs of hepatocellular injury, leukocytosis and lymphopenia, but with normal eosinophil count. The syndrome was evident two weeks after starting carbamazepine, and gradually decreased after withdrawal of this drug and introduction of corticosteroid therapy. Conclusion: If a patient is taking carbamazepine and develops skin rash as well as fever and swollen lymph nodes, the physician should always check for internal organ damage and possible DRESS syndrome.

Introduction: Key problems when transferring results of pharmacoeconomic studies between countries are: relative infrequency of observational design, utilization of unreliable estimates of input parameters in many of modelling studies, not reporting variability of the study outputs (e.g. ICER, net monetary benefit) in a publication, and large differences in costs of healthcare services and drugs from country to country. Aim: The aim of this study was to estimate Incremental Cost-effectiveness Ratio (ICER) of denosumab vs. alendronate for treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women in Serbia, using results of published pharmacoeconomic studies in United States of America (USA) and Japan. Material and Methods: The estimate of the ICER was made through the following steps: (1) scaling the ICER of the published studies to Serbian healthcare milieu using unit costs in Serbia, USA and Japan; (2) defining prior distribution of the ICER using adjusted results of the earlier published study; (3) defining sampling distribution of the ICER using adjusted results of the next published study; (4) estimating posterior distribution of the ICER and calculating the most probable values the ICER with Bayesian statistics. Results: The ICER of the prior distribution was 572,787.00 RSD, with 99% confidence interval from 1,116.00 to 998,051.00 RSD, and that of the sampling distribution 706,057.00 RSD, with 99% confidence interval from 1,122.00 to 999,308.00 RSD. The most probable ICER value from the posterior distribution was 752,912.00 RSD, with 99% confidence interval from 667,631.00 to 771,552.07 RSD. The estimated ICER was below one Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Serbia per capita (the 2019 value: 780,063.60 RSD). Conclusions: Denosumab should be considered cost-effective in Serbia if one to three GDPs/capita/Quality Adjusted Life Year (QALY) gained is taken as the upper limit of willingness to pay by Serbian Health Insurance Fund.

Institute for Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation “Dr Miroslav Zotović”, Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Faculty of Health Studies, University of Sarajevo, the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, Belgrade, Serbia.

Introduction: Carrying a school bag is a dominant activity that a child performs during daily productive activities. The aim of the research is to examine how carrying a school bag of different weights affects the distribution of force and plantar pressure during normal walking on the flat terrain of children of varying levels of physical activity.Methods: The pilot study included 124 students aged 11-12 from Banja Luka. According to the protocol, each group of respondents was treated with an intervention-customized school bag and a comparator-school bag that the child only opted for. For the research, the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children, measurement of anthropometric parameters, school bag weight, and Zebris tape (Zebris Medical GmbH, Germany) were used for gait analysis.Results: Inactive children achieved the lowest and active children’s highest walking speed during normal walking without a bag, with their customized school bag. When carrying a custom school bag: The highest maximum force is projected on the left heel 330.72 N in inactive children, and the lowest 265.93 N in moderately active children, the highest maximum pressure on the left heel is registered in inactive children, 27.60 N/cm2, and the lowest 21.85 N/cm2 in moderately active children. The maximum force-time of % of standing time on the left foot in the middle part lasted the longest in inactive children, and the shortest active children carried their school bag 40.31% and a custom school bag 39.76%.Conclusion: High physical activity and individual adjustment to distribute the burden well allow the child to adequately respond to the loads carried by the weight of the school bag.

. Background: Computer simulations can be briefly described as the use of computers to represent the dynamic responses of a tested system, by observing the behavior of another, artificial, system modeled on basis of the test system. Physical modeling has been practiced unconsciously since the beginning of the human species, that is, from the moment when the human mind began to understand all the complexity of phenomena and things that surrounded it in nature. Objective : The aim of this paper is to analyze the implementation of computer's simulation and modeling for educational agenda. Methods : This article is a review of the entire to use models, modeling and simulation by using compiters and ICT for teaching system in undergraduate, postgraduate and continuing education using published information, as well as professional papers and publications about this topic. The simulation methodology is based on computer science, statistics, numerical mathematics, operational research and artificial intelligence, but today it is sufficiently coherent and developed that it can rightly be called a separate scientific discipline. The system model represents a simplified and idealized (abstract) image of a real system. In other words, a model is a description of a real system with all its characteristics that are relevant from our point of view. Results and Discussion: Application of computer simulations in science: Different simulations are used to meet specific requirements of the scientific field and the problem such as: Numerical simulation of a differential equation, which cannot be solved analytically. This category includes theories dealing with continuous systems, such as phenomena in physical cosmology, fluid dynamics ; Stochastic simulation, used for discrete systems, where changes occur on the basis of probability, and cannot be explained by equations. These include genetic changes, and biochemical and genetic regulatory processes; Modeling of molecules and their behavior for the purpose of creating drugs; CFD–Computational Fluid Dynamics.–computers are used to perform calculations, which describe the behavior of liquids and gases; Blue Brain project; Cognitive architecture and Movement of parasites in the human body. Conclusion: This paper presents explanations and examples of the application of computer simulations in order to solve everyday problems encountered, both in medicine and all other branches of science. Conclusion: Computer simulations are an invaluable blend of nature and technology, and are one of the main sources of hope for understanding and improving the world we live in.

 merima.ibisevic@untz.ba ABSTRACT: Origanum compactum (Lamiaceae) is an endemic species of oregano from Morocco, and the main components are carvacol and thymol, which are considered to have antimicrobial activity. Essential oils can be unstable, poorly soluble in water and poorly delivered to target cells. The incorporation of essential oils into liposomes can reduce their irritant effect, while at the same time prolonging the action of the preparation itself as well as increasing its effectiveness. The aim of our study was to investigate antimicrobial activity of liposomal and non-liposomal vaginal suppositories, and see if there are any differences in antimicrobial activity. Examination of the antimicrobial activity of vaginal suppositories was examined in the same way as the antimicrobial activity of the essential oil, by the disk diffusion method. There were used standard bacterial strains from ATCC collection: Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) ATCC 25923, Enterococcus faecalis ( E. faecalis ) ATCC 51299, Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) ATCC 25922, Candida albicans ( C. albicans ) ATCC 10231. Liposomal vaginal suppositories had a smaller inhibition zones probably due to the slower release of active components, but still have an advantage over non-liposomal vaginal suppositories because they reduce the irritating potential of the

Telekia speciosa (Schreb.) Baumg., Asteraceae, is widespread in Eastern and Central Europe and the Balkan Peninsula. Previous phytochemical investigations have revealed T. speciosa as a rich source of sesquiterpene lactone -isoalantolactone, especially in its underground parts. The aim of the present study was to analyze the essential oils from aerial and underground parts of T. speciosa and investigate their antimicrobial activity. Chemical composition of essential oils was determined by GC-FID/MS method leading to the identification of 67 compounds in total, with 15.77 % oxygenated monoterpenes, 7.77 % sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, 49.14 % oxygenated sesquiterpenes, and 12.37 % other compounds from aerial parts, and 3.80 % oxygenated monoterpenes, 3.13 % sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, 90.33 % oxygenated sesquiterpenes from underground parts essential oil. The main components from aerial parts were (E)-nerolidol (11.54 %) and caryophyllene oxide (10.54 %), while isoalantolactone was the predominant component from essential oil underground parts (83.41 %). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration of the essential oils were evaluated against six strains of bacteria and two strains of fungus using in vitro microdilution method. Both oils presented antimicrobial properties against pathogens Staphylococcus aureus, Bacilus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. Inhibition of growth of tested microorganisms by T. speciosa underground parts essential oil was achieved with MICs ranging from 1.0 to 11.0 mg mL -1 , while MICs of aerial parts essential oil varied from 4.0 to 30.0 mg mL -1 . The obtained results contribute to the knowledge of antimicrobial properties of T. speciosa, which support traditional uses underground parts of the plant.

: The chemistry of complex compounds containing imine ligands is attracting significant attention from research-ers today. In this work, complexes of selected transition metals (Cu, Co, Ni and Fe) with imines based on ninhydrin and amino acids methionine and cysteine were synthesized. FTIR and UV/VIS spectroscopy were used for structural characterization. Antioxidant activity of the complex was analyzed by the FRAP method. The synthesized compounds showed a significant reducing ability, ranging from 221.94 to 756.30 µmol/L. In vitro antimicrobial activity was tested on strains from the ATCC collection. Inhibitory activity against the tested microorganisms was recorded, and the zones of inhibition ranged from 10-24 mm. Preliminary research shows that these compounds have biological potency, but more detailed in vitro and in vivo studies are required for their use.