Since early February 2019, the SEIS (Seismic Experiment for Interior Structure) seismometer deployed at the surface of Mars in the framework of the InSight mission has been continuously recording the ground motion at Elysium Planitia. In this study, we take advantage of this exceptional data set to put constraints on the crustal properties of Mars using seismic interferometry (SI). To carry out this task, we first examine the continuous records from the very broadband seismometer. Several deterministic sources of environmental noise are identified and specific preprocessing strategies are presented to mitigate their influence. Applying the principles of SI to the single‐station configuration of InSight, we compute, for each Sol and each hour of the martian day, the diagonal elements of the time‐domain correlation tensor of random ambient vibrations recorded by SEIS. A similar computation is performed on the diffuse waveforms generated by more than a hundred Marsquakes. A careful signal‐to‐noise ratio analysis and an inter‐comparison between the two datasets suggest that the results from SI are most reliable in a narrow frequency band around 2.4 Hz, where an amplification of both ambient vibrations and seismic events is observed. The average autocorrelation functions (ACFs) contain well identifiable seismic arrivals, that are very consistent between the two datasets. Interpreting the vertical and horizontal ACFs as, respectively, the P‐ and S‐ seismic reflectivity below InSight, we propose a simple stratified velocity model of the crust, which is mostly compatible with previous results from receiver function analysis. Our results are discussed and compared to recent works from the literature.

In this paper, the influence of biological acid dough with a strain of lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus plantarum) on the properties of the dough and the addition of sourdough on the quality of crackers was investigated. Changes in total titratable acidity and pH were monitored during the fermentation of the sourdough (24 hours). In the dough for the production of gluten-free crackers, the influence of the addition of sourdough on the total titratable acidity and pH value was examined. The content of water, protein, fat, starch, crude fiber, pH value and total titratable acidity was determined by flour samples for the production of gluten-free crackers and gluten-free crackers. The influence of sourdough on the sensory properties of crackers was examined. The mineral composition of zinc was determined and the contribution of the daily recommended intake was assessed. In samples of crackers subjected to storage for 5, 10, 20 and 30 days, a change in water content was monitored. The length of fermentation had a significant impact on the dynamics of pH change and on the total titratable acidity during the fermentation of sourdough. The results of the study showed that the control sample has a higher pH value than the samples with sourdough. The reason for that is the development of acetic acid during fermentation. The change in water content in the crackers over 30 days was significantly higher in the control sample compared to the samples with sourdough. Crackers with sourdough contain a significantly higher percentage of protein, ash, fiber, zinc at the expense of reducing carbohydrates.

Emerging adulthood is typically defined as 18-25 years of age. It may be a particularly important time for establishing long-term health behavior patterns. The transition between adolescence and adulthood is a period of increased risk for excess weight gain, because of shifts in activity patterns as well as declines in overall-diet quality. Sugar-sweetened beverages, a great source of added sugar to the diet, contribute to energy imbalance. A small, persistent energy imbalance of 50 calories per day could result in a 5-pound weight gain over the course of one year. This study aimed to assess the nourish status in a sample of students from Faculty of Medicine of Sarajevo University and correlate it with student consumption pattern of sugar-sweetened beverages. A cross-sectional survey of 246 students was performed during May 2018, at the Sarajevo University. Verbal informed consent was obtained from all participants before completing the self-administered questionnaire that included questions on their frequency of consumption of SSBs eating habits and anthropometrics measures, weight and height. Body mass index was used to assess students nourish status. Statistical analyses were performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences software (IBM, version 23.0). Results were expressed as percentages and means ± standard deviations. This study showed that the majority of the students (69.26%) were of normal weight. One quarter of sample (26.83%) had BMI > 24.9. Intake of soda was more common among students with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 than students with BMI ≤ 24.9 kg/m2 (78.79% vs. 63.89% respectively). Among students with BMI ≤ 24.9 kg/m2, 73.33% reported drinking energy drink never compared to 42.42% students with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. This study gives baseline information about weight status and consumption pattern of SSBs among a sample of university students. Regulating the intake of free sugars could be used as an approach for successful body weight control.

High-temperature materials are used in a wide range of industries and applications such as gas turbine engines for aircrafts, power and nuclear power plants, different types of furnaces, including blast furnaces, some fuel cells, industrial gas turbines, different types of reactors, engines, electronic and lighting devices, and many others. Demands for high-temperature materials are becoming more and more challenging every year. To perform efficiently, effectively and at the same time to be economically viable, the materials used at high temperatures must have certain characteristics that are particularly expected for applying under such extreme conditions, for example, the strength and thermal resistance. In the present review, some important requirements that should be satisfied by high temperature materials will be discussed. Furthermore, the focus is put on refractory concretes, ceramics, intermetallic alloys, and composites as four different categories of these materials, which are also considered in respect to possibilities to overcome some of the current challenges.

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are known to induce new bone formation in vivo but treating trabecular bone defects with a BMP based therapeutic remains controversial. Here, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of a novel Autologous Bone Graft Substitute (ABGS) comprised of recombinant human BMP6 (rhBMP6) dispersed within an autologous blood coagulum (ABC) as a physiological natural carrier in patients with a closed distal radial fracture (DRF). We enrolled 32 patients in a randomized, standard of care (SoC) and placebo (PBO) controlled, double-blinded Phase I First in Human (FiH) clinical trial. ABGS was prepared from peripheral blood as 250 μg rhBMP6/mL ABC or PBO (1 mL ABC containing excipients only) and was administered dorsally via a syringe injection into the fracture site following closed fracture fixation with 3 Kirschner wires. Patients carried an immobilization for 5 weeks and were followed-up for 0 to 26 weeks by clinical examination, safety, serial radiographic analyses and CT. During the 13 weeks follow-up and at 26 weeks post study there were no serious adverse reactions recorded. The results showed that there were no detectable anti-rhBMP6 antibodies in the blood of any of the 32 patients at 13- and 26-weeks following treatment. Pharmacokinetic analyses of plasma from patients treated with ABGS showed no detectable rhBMP6 at any time point within the first 24 hours following administration. The CT image and radiographic analyses score from patients treated with AGBS showed significantly accelerated bone healing as compared to PBO and SoC at 5 and 9 weeks (with high effect sizes and P=0.027), while at week 13 all patients had similar healing outcomes. In conclusion, we show that intraosseous administration of ABGS (250 μg rhBMP6/mL ABC) into the distal radial fracture site demonstrated a good tolerability with no serious adverse reactions as well as early accelerated trabecular bone healing as compared to control PBO and SoC patients.

Economic thought always permeated human living. Economic thought and the development of economics as a discipline in the last few centuries made it central to the world order. However, the foundational problems that mainstream economics suffers from led to uncounted crises and issues within the same order that created it. A physicalist ontology, rationalist epistemology, axiological futility, and methodological deficiency are the problems of philosophical foundations of mainstream economics we reviewed in this paper. The methodology of this paper is qualitative and generally adopts the library research and critical content analysis methods to review and respond to identified foundational problems. Muslims islah and tajdid responses to the West and mainstream economics problems and issues found shape in Islamisation of Knowledge (IOK) and Islamic Economics (IE). The recent shift to Integration of Knowledge (IoK) universalizes the appeal and revives the zeal for IE development in light of IoK based on IOK in this paper. A thorough analysis of IOK, IoK, and IE responses to the West and mainstream economics enabled us to appraise it as the alternative and solution to the foundational problems. The paper clarified the way for future research in IE in light of IoK and directed the academia and industry towards economic reasoning based on robust foundations.

The focus of the present paper is on the importance and significance of interculturality in teacher education. The paper analyzes the intercultural content of the curricula to develop the intercultural competencies of future teachers in Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. The sample analyzed was the curricula of the universities of these two countries for the academic year 2018-2019. The analysis of the chosen documents examined the areas of teaching, content, as well as other elements that represent possible opportunities for developing the intercultural competencies of the students. The analyzed curricula do not offer an insight into the results of the teaching practice, which is one of the limitations of this study.  The findings on the poor ratio of intercultural elements in the curricula and the need for their revision, as well a necessity of introducing systematic intercultural education to teacher colleges and universities of education are a valuable contribution. Competent teachers will create a positive environment for proper intercultural communication and develop the intercultural sensitivity of their students thus promoting a culture of dialogue. The result obtained in the analysis can be an incentive to think thorough when creating curricula for educating teachers, both in initial and life-long learning so that they promote intercultural values.

Purpose This paper aims to highlight the importance of braille for visually impaired people and the possibility of printing it by using the ultra-violet (UV) inkjet printing technique. Design/methodology/approach The vision impairment, definitions and statistics, as well as braille letter and standards, are first reviewed. Then, the methods of printing braille have been discussed, with a focus on UV ink-jet printing. Finally, this study indicates a significant role of UV ink-jet printed Braille, its possibilities and its advantages. Findings Research studies in the field of UV ink-jet printed braille are showing that it is possible to print good legible braille of the adequate height of dots. This paper highlights some advantages of printing braille with UV ink-jet, like the possibility of achieving greater dot height than embossing and no need for printing form. Printing of additional elements on top of braille dot has also been tested, and possible use for differentiation of the written notation is shown. This paper also indicates the importance of technological and operating conditions in UV inkjet braille printing. It predicts a significant role of UV inkjet in braille printing. Originality/value This paper provides a detailed review of UV ink-jet printed braille: possibilities, advantages and application.

Abstract Objective We investigated the impact of multimorbidity and polypharmacy on the management of atrial fibrillation (AF) patients in clinical practice and assessed factors associated with polypharmacy and oral anticoagulation (OAC) use in AF patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy. Methods A 14-week prospective study of consecutive non-valvular AF patients was performed in seven Balkan countries. Results Of 2712 consecutive patients, 2263 patients (83.4%) had multimorbidity (AF + ≥2 concomitant diseases) and 1505 patients (55.5%) had polypharmacy. 1416 (52.2%) patients had both multimorbidity and polypharmacy. Overall, 1164 (82.2%) patients received OAC, 200 (14.1%) patients received antiplatelet drugs alone and 52 (3.7%) patients had no antithrombotic therapy (AT). Non-emergency centre and paroxysmal AF were significantly associated with OAC non-use in patients with multimorbidity, whilst age ≥80 years and non-emergency centre were identified to be independent predictors of OAC non-use in patients with polypharmacy. Conclusions Multimorbidity and polypharmacy were common among AF patients in our study. AT was suboptimal and approximately 18% of multimorbid patients with polypharmacy were not anticoagulated. Pattern of AF and non-emergency centre were associated with OAC non-use in AF patients with multimorbidity, whilst non-emergency centre and age ≥80 years were associated with OAC non-use in AF patients with polypharmacy. Key Message Multimorbidity and polypharmacy are common among patients with AF. Antithrombotic therapy was suboptimal in AF patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy. Approximately, 18% of multimorbid patients with polypharmacy were not anticoagulated.

Periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and adenitis (PFAPA) syndrome is the most common autoinflammatory disease in children and is often grouped together with hereditary periodic fever syndromes, although its cause and hereditary nature remain unexplained. We investigated whether differential DNA methylation was present in DNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in patients with PFAPA vs. healthy controls. A whole-epigenome analysis (MeDIP and MBD) was performed using pooled DNA libraries enriched for methylated genomic regions and identified candidate genes, two of which were further evaluated with methylation-specific restriction enzymes coupled with qPCR (MSRE-qPCR). The analysis showed that the PIK3AP1 and SPON2 gene regions are differentially methylated in patients with PFAPA. MSRE-qPCR proved to be a quick, reliable, and cost-effective method of confirming results from MeDIP and MBD. Our findings indicate that a B-cell adapter protein (PIK3AP1), as the PI3K binding inhibitor of inflammation, and spondin-2 (SPON2), as a pattern recognition molecule and integrin ligand, could play a role in the etiology of PFAPA. Their role and the impact of changed DNA methylation in PFAPA etiology and autoinflammation need further investigation.

The estimation of the saturation flow rate is of utmost importance when defining the signal plan at intersections. Because of the numerous influential factors, the values of which are hard to be determined, the subject problem is to be regarded as an extremely complex one. This research deals with the estimation of a saturation flow rate of a shared lane with permitted left turns. The suggested algorithm is based on the application of the artificial neural networks where the data for training are received by simulation. The results obtained by the neural networks are compared with multiple linear regression and the known HCM 2010 approach for determining the saturated flow of a shared lane. The testing data have shown that the approach based on the artificial neural networks foresaw statistically significantly better values than the ones obtained by multiple linear regression, with an error of 27 veh/h against 49 veh/h. The HCM 2010 approach is significantly worse than the two others included in this research. The ways of the future development of the suggested method could include additional factors, such as the grade of the traffic lane, the proximity of the bus stops, and others.

Cyclotides are plant-derived cyclic, disulfide-rich peptides with a unique cyclic cystine knot topology that confers them with remarkable structural stability and resistance to proteolytic degradation. Recently, cyclotides have emerged as promising scaffold molecules for designing peptide-based therapeutics. Here, we provide examples of how engineering cyclotides using molecular grafting may lead to the development of novel peptide ligands of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), today's most exploited drug targets. Integrating bioactive epitopes into stable cyclotide scaffolds can lead to improved pharmacokinetics and oral activity as well as selectivity and high enzymatic stability. We also discuss and highlight the importance of engineered cyclotides as novel tools to study GPCR signaling.

Introduction: Gated tangential field-in-field (FIF) technique is used to lower the dose to organs at risk for breast cancer radiotherapy (RT). In this study, the authors investigated the accuracy of the delivered treatment plan with and without gating using a two-dimensional detector array for patient-specific verification purposes.Methods: In this study, a 6MV beams were used for the merged FIF RT (forward Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy). The respiration signals for gated FIF delivery were obtained from the one-dimensional moving phantom using the real-time position management (RPM) system (Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA). RPM system used for four-dimensional computed tomography scanner light-speed, GE is based on an infrared camera to detect motion of external 6-point marker. The beams were delivered using a Clinac iX (Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA) with the multileaf collimator Millennium 120. The MapCheck2 (SunNuclear, Florida) was used for the evaluation of treatment plans. MapCheck2 was validated through a comparison with measurements from a farmer-type ion chamber. Gated beams were delivered using a maximum dose rate with varying duty cycles and analyzed the MapCheck2 data to evaluate treatment plan delivery accuracy.Results: Results of the gamma passing rate for relative and absolute dose differences for all ungated and gated beams were between 95.1% and 100%.Conclusion: Gated FIF technique can deliver an accurate dose to a detector during gated breast cancer RT. There is no significance between gated and ungated patient-specific quality assurance (PSQA); one can use ungated PSQA for verification of treatment plan delivery