The advantages of massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) techniques depend heavily on the accuracy of channel state information (CSI). In frequency division duplexing (FDD) massive MIMO systems, the user equipment (UE) needs to feed downlink CSI back to the base station (BS) through the feedback link. The excessive feedback overheads and low reconstruction accuracy are the main obstacles for actual deployment of FDD massive MIMO systems. In recent years, deep learning (DL) has been widely used to address the above problems. In this letter, we propose a neural network by utilizing the self-attention learning and dense refine (SALDR), which improves the accuracy of CSI feedback. Furthermore, a unified decoder named SALDR-U is designed to realize different compression ratios for CSI feedback without changing any parameter. Simulation results show that the proposed SALDR and SALDR-U outperform the state-of-the-art network in terms of accuracy and overhead of CSI feedback. The source code for all the experiments is available at GitHub.The code of this letter can be downloaded from GitHub link: https://github.com/XS96/SALDR.

Abstract Internet of Things (IoT) devices in Smart Home Network (SHN) are highly vulnerable to complex botnet attacks. In this paper, we investigate the effectiveness of Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) to correctly classify network traffic samples in the minority classes of highly imbalanced network traffic data. Multiple layers of RNN are stacked to learn the hierarchical representations of highly imbalanced network traffic data with different levels of abstraction. We evaluate the performance of Stacked RNN (SRNN) model with Bot-IoT dataset. Results show that SRNN outperformed RNN in all classification scenarios. Specifically, SRNN model learned the discriminating features of highly imbalanced network traffic samples in the training set with better representations than RNN model. Also, SRNN model is more robust and it demonstrated better capability to effectively handle over-fitting problem than RNN model. Furthermore, SRNN model achieved better generalization ability in detecting network traffic samples of the minority classes.

Background: Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is an effective and safe treatment of stenosed carotid arteries, and is a preventive operation with well-defined indications. It is associated with a loss of the baroreceptor reflex and postoperatively increased hemodynamic parameters. Objective: The aim of the study was to confirm the sensitivity of baroreceptors and the impact on arterial pressure and heart rate in unilateral and bilateral eversion carotid endarterectomies. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted with 30 patients treated with E-CEA in local anesthesia at the Clinic for cardiovascular surgery from December 2019 to May 2021, due to stenosis of the carotid arteries. Patients were divided into two groups: 15 patients in group A (patients with unilateral E-CEA; 15 patients in group B: patients with bilateral E-CEA). Results: Out of the total of 30 patients included in the research, 15 patients in groups A and B respectively, there were no statistically significant differences in regards to gender (p= 0,245) and preoperative risk factors: smoking (p=0,449); hypertension (p=0,388); diabetes (p= 0,714); hyperlipidemia (p=0.388), coronary disease (p=0.461) and symptomatic stenosis of the carotid arteries (p=0.449). Noted were the statistically significant differences in values of systolic and diastolic pressure on the 3rd postoperative days in patients with bilateral E-CEA (p=0,001; p=0,001), a statistically significant difference in the heart rate was not found in the analyzed groups in the postoperative period (p=0,225; p=0,994). Conclusion: This study identified statistically significant differences in values of systolic and diastolic pressure in the early postoperative period. In his period, early detection and correction of these hemodynamic disorders are needed.

Background: Mobile pharmacies are special organizational units or infrastructures that serve to supply medicines to remote communities or are stationed on ships or as such exist during war conflicts on the battlefields to provide first aid to the wounded and to provide the necessary medicines. The establishment of mobile pharmacies is regulated by the law of each state and only preparations approved by law can be found in it. There are also regulations for the good storage and warehousing of these drugs. Objective: The aim of this article was to provide an overview of the available literature on the topic “Mobile pharmacies through history”, which shows the development and progress in the structure and function of mobile pharmacies throughout history. Methods: This is an descriptive study based on the searched available literature from the on-line databases regarding to present a historical overview of mobile pharmacies during the most significant war events in Europe and the USA. Results and Discussion: Mobile pharmacies were first mentioned in Egypt and the Roman Empire, but it was not until 1500 that military and ship’s doctors began using them, and wealthy nobles had their own boxes of medicines, which they carried on long voyages. Mobile pharmacies became more and more popular, so in the 18th century, practical manuals on the use of the contents of the box began to be published. The importance of a mobile pharmacy was shown in the wars, where people, before their appearance, died due to the impossibility of providing first aid on the battlefield. The advanced medicine and pharmacy that developed on land, greatly affected the health care at the sea. The constant incidence of infectious diseases, poverty and inadequate nutrition, insecurity of navigation and long voyages are the main reasons why sailors often fell ill and were exposed to injuries at work. A situation like that required that the problem of health protection on ships gets solved in accordance with the then principles of medicine and pharmacy. Conclusion: Authors demonstrated the importance of mobile pharmacies in treating and providing medical protection on boat trips. Regarding the ship’s pharmacies, pharmacists have the role of supplying ships with medicines, conducting training for captains and ship staff, advising shipping companies and captains on equipping ship pharmacies and advising on the preparation of national regulations and national ship pharmacy supply policy.

COVID-19 pandemic asks the engagement of all experts in different medical fields to help in solving consequences such an overwhelming success that we follow it with COVID-19 Management, including Medical Informatics experts.

Hans Peterson, MD, PhD, FEFMI, FACMI, FIMIA, FIAHSI (1928-2021), became a certified physician in Sweden in 1958 and was awarded a doctorate in Medicine in 1967 (1-4). He was an ophthalmology fellow at the Karolinska Institute, Stockholm University, and was appointed to faculty positions in Ophthalmology and Medical Informatics at the Karolinska in the late 1970’s.

Medical informatics, as much as it is a result of evolution as planned philosophy, have its roots in the history of information technology and medicine. Development of medical informatics started in the fifties of the 20th century. In the period after Second World War USA was the leading country in the field of Computer science and the leader in using the first computers in medicine and healthcare services. The development of information and communication technologies (ICT) during the last two decades of 20th century was particularly important for development of medical informatics, with great influence of Internet by medical professionals at every level of health care system. Comprehensive and essential contents on medical informatics, but also the aspects nurtured by the main „schools of Medical informatics“ - Anglo-Saxon (Abbot, Anderson, etc.), French (Gremy, Remond, etc.), German (Reichhertz). et al.), American (Collen, Green, et al.), Middle and East Europe (Dezelic, Masic, Zvarova, Naszlady, Mihalas, etc.), whose terms „Health Informatics“ (Abbot) and „Medical Informatics“ (Gremy and Reichertz) have entered the European and world medical literature. For those studying the subject or working in the field, the experiences of others who use Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) for the better of health care can provide a necessary perspective. In promotion and spreading the knowledge and experiences of the medical informatics as scientific and academic discipline in the world, great impact was given by IMIA and its „branch associations“ at every continent. But, most influential association became European Federation for Medical Informatics (EFMI), established on September 11th 1976 in Copenhagen with members of 10 national representatives (Barry Barber (UK), Antonio Perens de Talens (Italy), Francois Grémy (France), Rolf Hansen (Norway), Mogens Jorgensen (Denmark), Hans Peterson (Sweden), Peter Leo Reichertz (Germany), Jan Roukens (Netherlands), Jan van Egmond (Belgium) and Ilkka Vaananen (Finland) who adopted Statute of EFMI and other documents and prepared the first MIE Conference in Cambridge (UK) in 1978. Today EFMI represent leading European medical informatics professional organization representing 28 European countries and institutional members. EFMI is organized as a non-profit organization concerned with the theory and practice of Information Science and Technology within the Health and Health Sciences sector, in a European context. The goals set of EFMI are: a) To advance international co-operation and dissemination of information in Medical Informatics on a European basis; b) To promote high standards in the application of medical informatics; c) To promote research and development in medical informatics; d) To encourage high standards in education in medical informatics; and e) To function as the autonomous European Regional Council of IMIA. Author of this article described the facts about important events which EFMI, with contribution of national societies, members of EFMI, organized during 45 years of existence, including important facts about the influential medical informatics experts. Finally, author shortly described important facts about history of development of Health informatics in Bosnia and Herzegovina and South-Eastern Europe, including facts about his activities during long period of his participation in IMIA General Assembly and EFMI Council. There he was very actively involved in a lot of activities, including organization of 22nd MIE Conference in Sarajevo in 2009.

Abstract We are witnessing an increasing frequency of illegal actions and fraud in the business of legal entities, which directly reflects on the quality of information presented in financial statements. Internal audit does not primarily deal with the audit of financial statements, but through verifying the application of accounting policies and procedures it helps to gain reasonable assurance that the financial statements are reliable and that they are presented fairly. The role of internal audit in the fraud detection process is reflected in the fraud risk assessment in the internal audit planning process, and through performing work engagements to detecting them. In this paper, we will present risk assessment techniques, which the internal auditor can apply in quantitative and qualitative assessment of fraud risk, and in identifying priority areas/audit processes. The aim of this paper is to point out the importance of the role of internal audit, through the application of techniques, tools and prescribed responsibilities for risk assessment, in the process of detecting fraud in companies that cause incalculable damage on a daily basis.

Background: Dentine hypersensitivity (DH) is a frequent clinical problem that represents a long-term painful discomfort for the patients, and for the dentists, it represents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Objective: The aim of the research is to verify the effect of the treatment with diode laser SiroLaser Blue (660nm) of DH alone or in combination with different impregnating agents. Methods: Fifty patients were included in this research, separated into five groups. All the patients have been asked to define the level of dentine hypersensitivity using VAS (0-10). The first group was treated with Fluor Protector, the second group after the application of Fluor Protector has undergone irradiation with SiroLaser Blue (660nm), the third group was treated with impregnating agent Vivasens, the fourth group, after the application of impregnating agent Vivasens, has had SiroLaser Blue (660nm) irradiation. The fifth group has just been treated with SiroLaser Blue (660nm). The efficiency of the treatment was checked using VAS for every group immediately after the conducted treatment, after 7 days and 1 month. Results: Our results showed that all of the desensitizing agents used in the research alone or in combination with a diode laser (660nm) have shown a reduction of DH. The difference has been proven statistically significant in mean values by groups and examinations. Vivasens and diode laser irradiation have provided the best results in the review of mean values after the first examination and one month after the treatment of DH (p<0,05). In our research, the application of diode laser alone has not proven superior to other treatment methods that have been used in the research. Conclusion: Vivasens plus diode laser irradiation has provided the best results even after one month since the treatment of DH.

Abstract Abdominal injuries are rare in sports, but even minor traumas may result in potentially life-threatening injuries. The most frequent abdominal injury is abdominal wall contusion, following by blunt injuries of the kidneys and spleen. The cases of blunt abdominal injuries in soccer are rarely reported in the literature. We present a case of a grade IV splenic laceration in a 10-year-old soccer goalkeeper caused by the blunt abdominal trauma sustained during the gameplay. The trauma was successfully treated with a nonoperative management approach.

Various viruses can hide within fluid and solid structures and thus successfully cross different distances, causing the spread of viral infections. Analytical modeling of the triple treatment of virus within a small liquid droplet and within a solid porous particle is the basic research polygon of this paper. The three-stage treatment aims to maximize the efficacy of deactivating viruses indoors. In order to achieve this, viruses undergo treatment by infrared heating, ultraviolet deactivation and ionization–electrostatic deactivation by negative ions. When the droplets are treated with infrared heating, incomplete evaporation occurs, reducing their initial diameter by 10 times; an initial diameter of droplets is 0.01 mm, 0.03 mm and 0.05 mm. Thermal inactivation of viruses inside the droplets is almost negligible, due to short exposure time and a maximum temperature of 100 °C. On the other hand, when solid porous particles are heated to a much higher temperature at the same exposure time, this causes significant thermal inactivation of viruses inside them. Reducing the diameter of the droplet (due to evaporation) by 10 times causes a multiple increase in UV-C deactivation of viruses inside the droplets. The effect of UV-C radiation on viruses within solid porous particles is not included in this paper.

Background: The world was struck with a pandemic accompanied by maybe one of the most popular words out there right now, which is COVID-19. It has affected every aspect of life imaginable, especially in the medical sector particularly in our case dental care. Objective: This study goes on to analyse and assess the impact of COVID-19 on dental care in Bosnia and Herzegovina, varying from the staff, patients, supplies/equipment, and finances. Methods: An online survey and over-the-phone surveys were conducted, bringing in raw information to help with this study. Results: In total there were 10 different dental offices that information was obtained from. About 90% say that the pandemic has affected their patient flow, obviously due to some restrictions and regulations. And 60% say that the cost of PPE has increased since the pandemic started, while 40% said otherwise. Other data can be found in the rest of the study. Conclusion: Entering into the pandemic, dental practices quickly started to realize the seriousness of this situation, changing the way they do normal everyday work to accustom to this “new norm”. During such a problem, both sides have to participate to act upon accordingly to bring health and safety for everyone.

‘’Back then, in the Corona…’’ As numbers of the COVID-infected were rising across Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), over the summer and into the autumn of 2020, this phrase appeared as a common opening to individual stories and a new temporal reference that replaced “the war” as the major landmark in personal and collective lives. Corona had already become the past, equated with the days of the lockdown, even though more COVID-19 infections came after the lockdown ended. After lockdown, the death...