Previous research has shown that there are allelopathic interactions between plants, releasing allelochemicals for which it is still unknown whether they are randomly generated or transmitted from generation to generation. In this paper, the influence dried ragweed leaves (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) aqueous extract of different concentrations: concentrated extract (10%), extract diluted to 1/2 (5%); 1/4 (2.5%) and 1/8 (1.25%) on germination and growth of peas and beans was monitored. The results showed that the increased concentration of ragweed extract inhibited germination, prolonged germination time and decreased the germination index of both test plant species compared to the control. The ragweed extract (concentrated and 1/2) reduced the growth of shoots and roots compared to the control (by more than 50%), with the inhibitory effect being more visible on young pea plants compared to beans. The results of the research showed that the presence of ragweed as a weed in the field significantly reduces the germination and growth of cultivated plants, which is why care should be taken to suppress and remove it in a timely manner.

This study aimed to examine radiographs of Thoroughbred horse and compare radiometric and geometrical features between male and female individuals. To this end, dorso-palmar images of the carpal joint of 34 (17 female, 17 male) clinically healthy two-year-old Thoroughbred horses were analyzed. In total, 15 lengths and two angles were analyzed radiometrically, while geometric morphometrics was applied on 20 landmarks. In 7 radiometric measurements, the difference between female and male individuals was found to be statistically significant. All length measurements of males were found to be higher than of females. The statistically most important difference between the sexes was the measurement of the greatest breadth of proximal end of basis metacarpalia II-III-IV (p <0.001). There was no difference between the sexes for angle values. It was seen that the geometric morphometric analysis made with the Landmarks used in the study was not determinative between males and females. Thanks to the developing technology, the number of three-dimensional modeling technique and radiometric measurement studies is also increasing. In this study, the differences between the sexes were revealed using radiographs of horses of the same age, and obtained values will be the references for future radiometric and clinical studies.

3D printing or additive manufacturing is one of the newest technologies that has begun to be used for production of anatomical models in veterinary medicine. The main aim of this research was to evaluate the total cost required for 3D printing of different anatomical models and the cost-effectiveness of use of these technologies in practice. For purpose of this study, we evaluated a cost of 3D printed model of the human heart, inner ear, cross-section of the animal cell and spinal cord, sheep, cow and cat brain and complete dog model with internal organs. The costs were calculated separately for raw material consumption and personnel operative work. The results show that 3D printing technologies are cost-effective for the production of anatomical models, and the total cost depends mostly on working time of the personnel.

Ancient Roman concrete constitutes many ancient structures that remain standing; however, little is known about how it has remained durable. Here, we investigate the mortars used in ancient water bearing infrastructure such as aqueducts, cisterns, and baths. In these structures, crushed ceramics are used as a pozzolanic additive on surfaces in continuous or frequent contact with water. The ceramic-lime mortars are probed using a multi-scale characterization approach including SEM-EDS and Raman microspectroscopy. The analysis shows the role of ceramics within these structures as a source of aluminosilicates, mapping the presence of both pozzolanic and post-pozzolanic phases. A hybrid binder consisting of cementitious hydrates and calcite is mapped at the interface of the ceramics and evidence of post-pozzolanic densification of pores and cracks is observed. Comparison across structures shows that material selection and chemistry benefit the infrastructure applications. Understanding these ancient materials provides inspiration for new, durable infrastructure materials.

Atrial flutter (AFL) is typically characterized by electrical activity propagating around specific anatomical regions and it is usually treated with catheter ablation. In this study, we modeled the electrical propagation pattern of AFL using directed network mapping (DNM). DNM is a recent method that makes use of network theory (NT) to characterize the electrical propagation [1, 2], such as the identification of cycles and focal points. The network is composed by nodes and edges resembling electrodes located across the atrial surface and the direction of the electrical propagation from one electrode to another.