INTRODUCTION obesity during university studies is becoming a growing problem. In order to recognize health risks in the young population as early as possible, it is important to define objective criteria for obesity. Body mass index (BMI) and percentage of body fat (PBF) are the most common parameters for assessing obesity. OBJECTIVE the aim of this research is to determine the criteria of BMI for young university students as a young adult population based on PBF criteria. METHODS this study included 1272 university students, divided by gender (675 females and 597 males). PBF was measured using multichannel bioelectrical impedance analysis InBody 720. RESULTS percentile distribution was used to establish obesity criteria for PBF based in four categories: athlete, fit, normally nourished and overweight. The results for female showed that the BMI cut-off value for the athlete criterion is 21.97 kg/m2, for the fit criterion is 22.01 kg/m2, for the normally nourished 23.18 kg/m2 and for the overweight 27.29 kg/m2. The results for male showed that for the athlete criterion the cut-off value for BMI was 23.70 kg/m2, for the fit criterion 25.66 kg/m2, for the normally nourished 26.63 kg/m2 and for the overweight 29.60 kg/m2. CONCLUSION the existing standard BMI criteria for young adults are not specifically accurate regarding obesity. We propose to redefine BMI nutritional status criteria based on PBF for young adult subjects.

Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic, progressive and degenerative joint disease whose main cause is the breakdown and loss of articular cartilage, along with other articular and extra-articular changes such as bone hypertrophy (osteophyte formation), hypotrophy or muscle atrophy. After cardiovascular Osteoarthritis is the second most common chronic disease, primarily of the hip and knee joints. Osteoarthritis of the knee is an important factor in the occurrence of physical damage in the elderly and affects a person's functional abilities, and thus the quality of life. Working hypothesis: Physiotherapy leads to an improvement in the quality of life of people with knee osteoarthritis treated at the "Reumal" Fojnica health resort, while the null hypothesis is the negation of the working hypothesis. Research goals: To examine the sociodemographic characteristics of subjects with knee osteoarthritis, to assess the quality of life of people with knee osteoarthritis before and after the use of physiotherapy, to analyze the type and modalities of physiotherapy use by subjects in the study group. Material and methods of research: The research was conducted in 2023 at the “Reumal” health resort in Fojnica. The research included 50 subjects of both sexes with knee osteoarthritis. The subjects completed a general and standardized questionnaire before and after the physiotherapy program. Research results: Of the total number of male respondents, 16 (32.0%) were male, and 34 (68.0%) were female. The average age of the respondents in the research group was 72.98±7.31 years. The most commonly used physiotherapy modalities were parafango (52.0%), pearl bath (46.0%) and TENS (44.0%). The assessment of quality of life established a statistically significant improvement in quality of life after physiotherapy on the mental health scale, difficulties in performing work and the scale of impact on sexual life. Correlation analysis shows that there is a statistically significant influence of age on the improvement in quality of life according to the pain scale, in the sense that older respondents have a lower probability of improvement (ro=-0.348; p=0.013). Conclusion: The results of our research confirmed the working hypothesis that the use of physiotherapy leads to an improvement in the quality of life of people with knee osteoarthritis treated at the "Reumal" Fojnica health resort.

The present study aims to analyze the performance discrepancies between a specified case study fighter and his opponents across 18 competitive kickboxing matches. The research involved a sample comprising of a singular subject pitted against 18 distinct opponents (n=19) in a series of competitive kickboxing bouts, all male participants possessing a minimum of five years of experience in kickboxing. A total of 40 variables were identified, of which 37 were designated to evaluate technical prowess, while the remaining 3 focused on tactics. The assessment of performance, based on video recordings, was carried out by a panel of three evaluators. To ascertain the disparities in the efficacy of technical and tactical components between the case study fighter and his opponents, the Chi-square test of total frequencies variance was employed at a statistical significance level of 0.05, utilizing the IBM SPSS 26.0 software. Standardized residuals exceeding +2.0 and falling below -2.0 were instrumental in identifying the key variables contributing to the overall divergence between the case study fighter and his opponents. The outcomes of the study revealed a significant statistical contrast between the case study fighter and his adversary across 23 variables, encompassing hand-based strikes in 6 instances, leg-based strikes in 9 instances, arm and leg defense in 4 instances, advanced defense techniques in 3 instances, method of victory in 1 instance, and tactics in 1 instance. The research findings shed light on the distinct disparities between the case study fighter under examination and his opponents, highlighting the opponents' heightened usage of hand and foot strikes as opposed to the case study fighter's superior proficiency in hand and foot defenses, alongside adept employment of advanced defensive maneuvers.

Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), a culinary and folk medicinal plant used worldwide in infantile colic, bloating, and indigestion, has scarce scientific evidence.

Magnetic resonance imaging is a non-invasive method that does not use ionizing radiation to produce images, which is its greatest advantage for visualizing fetal pathology. Fetal magnetic resonance imaging is used to visualize pathologies of the central nervous system, abdomen, thoracic organs, and heart, particularly when ultrasound examination is insufficient. FCMR  allows detailed visualization of the fetal heart and surrounding structures during pregnancy. It is particularly useful in diagnosing congenital heart defects and assessing fetal circulation, especially when other methods such as ultrasound are inconclusive.

The increasing integration of solar power plants into transmission grids has raised concerns about their vulnerability to disturbances, particularly lightning strokes. Solar energy, while offering significant environmental and economic benefits, faces challenges when connected to transmission lines that are prone to lightning discharges. This paper investigates the impact of lightning events on solar power plants, focusing on overvoltage effects. Lightning stroke simulations were conducted at various distances from the solar power plant along the transmission line, considering scenarios with and without surge arrester. Key lightning parameters such as peak current, front time, and tail time were varied to simulate different lightning strokes. The study also includes a Fourier transform analysis of the resulting overvoltages with and without a surge arrester, along with the Hilbert marginal spectrum of these overvoltages. The results provide insights into the effectiveness of surge arresters in mitigating lightning overvoltages and highlight the importance of proper protective measures for enhancing the reliability and safety of solar power plants connected to transmission networks.

Feeding the large future population is associated with severe environmental challenges to which climate change is adding further complications and stress to the global food supply system. The strategies to the challenges posed on ecosystem conservation and climate neutrality would be best achieved by integrating the most current scientific findings in ‘best practice’ policies and their implementation. This paper presents the outcomes from the fourth International Catchment Science Conference in Ireland, a three-day multi-actor conference, and calls for action to improve soil fertility, reduce GHG emissions, increase carbon sequestration, and reduce pollution loss to waters. It was concluded that an accountable management of the agricultural landscape requires a multi-actor, multidisciplinary and multi-scale approach with collaboration between the scientific community, policy makers and farmers. Importantly there should be a focus on linking research, technology, education, information, engagement and innovation. Following needed requirements were identified: (i) long-term monitoring, high-temporal and high-spatial resolution data collection, (ii) combining temporarily and spatially rich datasets, (iii) long-term planning horizons to be adopted by key institutional stakeholders, (iv) mitigation strategies to adapt to changing climate and agricultural practices, and (v) an adequate advisory support and training for farmers. Some progress has been achieved to a situation where it is possible to counter or mitigate some of the more urgent issues in the food systems under consideration in the review.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming economies and societies around the world. As AI is increasingly being invested in, some countries are developing specific strategies for AI development. These countries are striving to improve their competitiveness and achieve greater economic growth by becoming leaders in AI. In addition to AI development, countries are striving to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In achieving these goals, countries are concerned about protecting the environment and preserving the resources they have for future generations. This paper examines the impact of AI adoption on sustainable development, with a focus on progress toward the United Nations SDGs. Therefore, this paper analyzed how the willingness of countries to use AI affects the achievement of sustainable development in those countries. Accordingly, the AI Preparedness Index and Sustainable Development Goals indicators were used for 158 countries in the world. The relationship between these variables was examined using multiple regression analysis. The results of the multiple regression analysis show that the willingness of countries to apply AI affects the realization of the SDGs of those countries. However, not all dimensions of readiness for the application of AI have an impact on the goals of sustainable development. It has been shown that the dimensions of digital infrastructure and human capital and labor market policies have the greatest influence on the SDGs. Based on this; countries must strengthen these two dimensions regarding the application of AI in order to realize the SDGs. By strengthening the potential for AI development, these countries are improving sustainability through achieving the SDGs.

This study examines the impact of structured internal innovation project management (IPM) practices and external innovation ecosystem (IE) characteristics on sustainable and responsible innovation (SRI) in EU widening countries. Using a two-stage Delphi-informed survey of 100 firms across Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia, Albania, and Serbia, the research applies moderated multiple regression analysis to examine the interplay between internal processes and external ecosystem maturity. Results show that both structured innovation phases and tools have a positive impact on SRI. However, while innovation phases consistently enhance SRI regardless of ecosystem conditions, the effect of innovation tools weakens in stronger ecosystems, suggesting a resource substitution dynamic. These findings challenge the assumption that greater ecosystem support uniformly improves innovation outcomes. The study contributes to the theoretical integration of the Resource-Based View and Innovation Ecosystem Theory, highlighting context-specific conditions in transitional economies. Practical implications are offered for managers and policymakers; firms in weaker ecosystems should prioritize building internal innovation capabilities, while those in mature ecosystems may gain more from leveraging external collaborations. The research advances debates on sustainable innovation strategies by showing how the effectiveness of internal management practices depends on ecosystem maturity, offering insights for both policy interventions and strategic innovation management in developing economies.

The African hinged terrapin genus Pelusios currently contains 17 recognized species. We describe an additional new species with two subspecies from the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Tanzania. According to phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial DNA, the new species is closely related to P. subniger, whereas three nuclear loci (C-mos, RAG2, R35) suggest a closer relationship to P. bechuanicus and P. upembae. Morphologically, the new species resembles in plastral shape P. subniger, but differs in plastral coloration in having a diffuse dark plastral pattern instead of the blotched pattern of P. subniger. The two subspecies of the new species are characterized by distinct mitochondrial clades and private alleles in the nuclear RAG2 and R35 loci. According to an examination of museum specimens and photographic records, the new species occurs largely west of the Rift Valley, while P. subniger is distributed east of the Rift Valley. Museum specimens and iNaturalist records suggest that the two species could occur sympatrically in central Tanzania. Furthermore, we found no evidence for any genetic distinctness of P. subniger from the Seychelles, supporting that the subspecies from there is invalid.

Enzymes derived from extremophiles, or extremozymes, possess unique properties that enable them to function under extreme environmental conditions. Microbial communities in subterranean ecosystems have evolved specialized metabolic pathways to survive, leading to the discovery of bioactive molecules with diverse biotechnological and industrial applications as well as the development of sustainable methods for habitat restoration. This study aimed to identify cultivable microorganisms producing industrially relevant enzymes, such as laccases, proteases, and urethanases, from extremophiles in the Dinaric Karst subterranean ecosystems, which are known as biodiversity hotspot. A total of 40 samples were collected from six caves and an abandoned railway tunnel, now a key roost for a large Myotis myotis maternity colony. Cave samples were taken from the entrance, twilight, and dark zones, including soil, sediments, moonmilk, mineral deposits, bedrock deposits, insect remains, entomophagous fungi, wall biofilm, and guano from various bat species. Following microbial cultivation, 207 colonies were screened for enzymatic activity using substrate‐specific assays. Functional analysis identified one microorganism exhibiting strong laccase activity, seven capable of degrading polyurethane, and numerous protease‐producing colonies. Notably, this study constitutes the inaugural report on discovering polyurethane‐degrading microorganisms in karst caves. Molecular identification revealed microbial genera, including Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Serratia, Paenibacillus, and Priestia. These findings underscore the biotechnological potential of subterranean extremophiles and highlight the importance of conserving these ecosystems. Further characterization of these enzymes may drive advancements in environmental remediation, waste recycling, and sustainable industrial processes.

The inheritance of family businesses is a problem that many entrepreneurs face at the end of their successful activity. The goal of this article is to analyze some preconditions for the successful inheritance of family companies from one generation to another on the basis of two factors: the positive intra-family attitude towards the inheritance of family businesses and the existence of national regulatory frameworks to regulate the inheritance. The objectives are: (1) to present basic legal documents from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Poland, Romania and Uzbekistan regulating the inheritance of family businesses, and (2) to present a comparative study on student responses from these countries as regards their intentions of having joint businesses with their relatives. The data has been collected by each co-author for the related country within the international academic network of INTERGEN in 2021 and 2023. The target groups were students and alumni from universities in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Poland, Romania and Uzbekistan; the number of respondents is 2496.

The development of tourism in Neum , Bosnia and Herzegovina’s only coastal town, represents a complex process that began during Yugoslavia’s socialist era, marked by various social, architectural, and ecological challenges. During the 1960’s, alongside accelerated urbanization, transportati on infrastructure, and secondary housing, Neum experienced a transformation from a local community to a remarkable tourist destination. Architecture of that period, marked by modernist principles, was not just functional, but reflected a wide socialist ide ology - promoting collective welfare, harmony with natural surroundings, and inclusivity. However, the expansion of tourism in Neum also brought problems, such as illegal construction, the destruction of landscape, and spatial segregation . The aim of this research is to analyze how the elements of socialist modernist architecture can be used as a base for the further development of hotel complexes in Neum. Modernist architecture from the socialist period provides various important lessons for today’s u rban p lanning. It’s basic principles - simplicity, functionality, and the adaptation to the natural terrain, offer a relevant frame for the contemporary development of tourism. In this context, this research focuses on the integration of those principles into con temporary architecture, with the aim of creating sustainable, functional, and aesthetically pleasing hotels that satisfy the needs of t ourists, while keeping the local identity. With the use of primary and secondary sources, the analysis includes the study of current hotels in Neum, their architectural characteristics, and urban organization. Special attention is paid to challenges, such as unplanned const ruction, degradation of the coast, and the unequal development of different parts of the municipality. Through this analysis, concrete models for the further development of hotels are suggested, which include the incorporation of modernist principles, but with a comb ination of new approaches.