Educational institutions record an increase in behavioral disorders in children and adolescents every day, with severe symptoms that result in hospitalization or the imposition of criminal sanctions for juvenile delinquents. Behavioral disorders of children and young people stand out as one of the primary problems of today's society. The purpose of this paper is to give a detailed insight into the state of emotional and behavioral disorders, from those that are hidden such as withdrawal, apprehension, fear,anxiety to behavior that children and young people come into conflict with others, even committing acts that are legally recordable as punishable. It has been proven in various studies that early diagnosis and preventive interventions in working with children give the best results. The hypothesis that behavioral disorders and emotional problems among children and young people in primary and secondary schools are present and require the application of appropriate preventive and treatment programs has been confirmed. Through the presentation of modern approaches to the detection, prevention and diagnosis of behavioral problems, this work shows the relationship between biological factors, parental qualities, education, the influence of peers, school and socialnorms, and the way in which they become risky for the development of problematic behavior. Detecting risk factors and stopping the action of risk processes, which have been proven to have a positive correlation with the occurrence of aggressive behavior in children, leads to a decrease in the rate of its occurrence. It has been observed that there are several successful ways of working with children that result in a reduction in the rate of behavioral disorders, even in provoking situations. Communication and problem-solving skills training can successfully reduce inappropriate child behaviors. Teaching social-emotional skills, in addition to reducing behavioral disorders, also results in higher self-esteem and more positive attitudes in children.Schoolshave a need for continuous implementation of science-based prevention programs that include interventions aimed at children and work with parents Keywords: Behavioral disorders, interventions, children, adolescents, parents, prevention programs

Opći val useljenika, najviše sa prostora Bliskog istoka, ali i iz Afrike, posebice njenog sjevernog dijela, dolazi na granice evropskih i drugih zemalja. Uz opće loše fizičko stanje u kojem se imigranti nalaze, u velikom postotku idu i psihički problemi praćeni očajem i nasilnim ponašanjem, napadima na domaće stanovništvo i njihovu imovinu, itd., što još više produbljuje krizu njihovog statusa u društvu zemlje primateljice, stvarajući neku vrstu začaranog kruga. Cilj istraživanja jeste utvrditi prisustvo nasilničkog ponašanja kod imigranata sa Bliskog Istoka i Sjeveroistočne Afrike po ulasku u novu zemlju. U istraživanju se pošlo od pretpostavki da su imigranti izloženi nasilju i u većem broju su žrtve u odnosu na domaće stanovništvo, te da su imigranti koji dolaze u potrazi za boljim socioekonomskim prilikama više nasilni od onih koji bježe od rata. Uzorak studije obuhvaća 100 ispitanika, useljenika i domaćeg stanovništva, različitog spola, starosti, zemlje podrijetla i drugih demografskih faktora. Ispitivanje je provedeno u „St Andrew Church Refugee Service“ te online radi anonimnosti na području Egipta, Kairo. Podaci su prikupljeni ASEBA Youth Self-Report – YSR upitnikom. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da imigrantsko stanovništvo ima značajnije izražen osjećaj da drugi ljudi u društvi imaju želju da im naškode u usporedbi sa domicilnim stanovništvom. U rezultatima istraživanja su predstavljene i razlike između sjeverno-afričkih i blisko-istočnih useljenika u pogledu malicioznog ponašanja prema drugim osobama iz okoline (pošto blisko-istočni imigranti potječu iz regija sa aktualnim i većim ratnim razaranjima). Može se zaključiti da imigranti porijekla sa Bliskog istoka pokazuju veći stepen lošeg postupanja prema drugim ljudima, u poređenju sa sjeverno-afričkim imigrantima.

The aim of this paper is to determine the differences between externalized and internalized behavioral problems in the population of young adolescents in the city of Tuzla on eight different scales of syndromes (anxiety/depression, reticence, physical difficulties, aggression, rules violation, social problems, thinking problems, and attention problems). The paper starts from the assumption that there are differences between younger adolescents with internalized and externalized behavioral problems with regard to gender in such a way that externalized problems will be more frequent in male adolescents and internalized behavioral problems in female adolescents. The sample of respondents in this study consists of 587 young adolescents of both genders. The research was conducted in fifteen primary schools in the city of Tuzla. The Achenbach dimensional classification of behavioral disorders was used for assessment (Achenbach & Rescorla, 2001). The results show higher scores for internalized behavioral problems. Female adolescents had statistically significantly higher scores on the Anxiety/Depression, Somatic Problems, and Thought Problems subscales.

The online platform is a platform of the future, both in the world and in Bosnia and Herzegovina. “The World Without a Label” is the first counseling center of this kind in BiH, because it brings together experts from behavioral, psychological, and psychiatric problems in one place. As a special problem of sociopolitical context is victims of sexual violence, war rape crimes. A case study shows a young boy is accompanied by a parent due to behavioral problems manifested by extremely bad social interaction with peers and for spending most of his free time on his computer playing video games. The boy’s mother had previously been treated in a psychiatric clinic’s day hospital, where she shared her own trauma of rape in group psychotherapy and the painful problems she faced in her early 20s, where Republika Srpska Army soldiers systematically raped captured Bosniaks. The father is a former member of the Bosnian army, and he himself had lot of war traumas. Experience in working in the Counseling Centers like this one, as well as with all the scientific and technological achievements, we have enabled the development of procedures for solving mental health problems through online platforms and standardization of those procedures.

Poslednjih decenija sve je prisutnija pojava porasta problema u ponašanju kod djece i adolescenata. Cilj istraživanja je utvrditi razlike u porodičnoj orijentaciji i strukturi porodice između adolescenata sa eksternaliziranim i internaliziranim problemima i tipično razvijenih adolescenata. Uzorak ispitanika čini 587 adolescena oba spola. Istraživanje je realizovano u petnaest osnovnih škola na području Tuzle tako što je iz svake škole uključeno po dva odjeljenja, jedno sedmog i jedno osmog razreda. Uzorak je namjerni (samo sedmi i osmi razredi), a unutar njega metodom slučaja su izabirani razredi. U istraživanju su korištena dva mjerna instrumenta: Youth Self-Report – YRS (Achenbach, 2007) i Skala porodičnog okruženja, verzija za adolescente (Family Envinoment Scale – FES, Moos, Moos, 2009). Rezultati istraživanja upućuju na postojanje razlike između adolescenata koji žive sa oba roditelja i onih koji su iz nepotpune porodice. Statistički značajne razlike uočene su na skalama Agresivno ponašanje (t = - 2,23; p < 0,00), Ponašanje kojim se krše pravila (t = -3,22; p < 0,00) i dimenziji Eksternalizacije (t = -2,82; p < 0,00). Kod porodične orijentacije je također prisutna statistička razlika. Dovodeći u vezu strukturu porodice porodice sa internaliziranim problemima uočeno je da ne postoje statistički značajne razlike.

The school is an institution that represents an important link in the social care chain for children and young people, which also involves taking various measures to prevent the occurrence of undesirable behaviors. The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of risk factors between adolescents with externalized and internalized problems and typically developing adolescents, and to determine in which segment, in the opinion of teachers, early social-pedagogical intervention is most needed. The research sample is made up of 450 students (233 male and 217 female) of the seventh and eighth grades of primary school. The results show that the highest risk factors are present in the group of students with externalized behavioral problems, slightly less in the group with internalized problems, and the least in students without behavioral and emotional problems. When it comes to early social-pedagogical interventions, in the opinion of teachers, they should be comprehensive and implemented by a competent expert.

The aim of this study is to determine the specific patterns of functioning of adolescent family with behavioral disorders. A large representative sample of adolescents studied differences in family relationships, encouraging proper family development, and maintaining and changing the family system among adolescents with externalized problems, adolescent with internalized problems and typically developed adolescents. The research was conducted in fifteen primary schools in the area of Tuzla Municipality, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The sample consists of 587 students of the seventh and eighth grade, 12-15 years of age, both sexes. The most important research findings are: statistically significant predictors of externalized problems are expression (β = 0.18, t = 3.69, p <0.01) and conflicts (β = 0.11, t = -2.47, p <0.05); statistically significant predictors of internalized problems are cohesiveness (β = -0.11, t = -2.03, p <0.05), expression (β = -0.15, t = -2.91, p <0.05), intellectual orientation (β = -0.15, t = -1.97, p <0.05) and organization (β = -0.15, t = -2.79, p <0.01). The general conclusion of this study is that there is a correlation between externalized problem of adolescents and the characteristics of their family environment. Adolescent families with externalized behavioral problems are characterized by inadequate family structure, reduced expression, more frequent conflicts, poor orientation towards achievement, poor intellectual orientation, lack of individual family members, and poor family organization.