The paper elaborates on the history of the Russian foreign policy towards Serbia, with special emphasis on the national interests of the Russian state, which, in addition to undoubtedly strong traditional cultural and historical ties between the two Orthodox nations, still significantly guide Russian policies towards Serbia. In other words, the subject of the paper is numerous examples and evidence of opportunism in relation between these countries and its reflection on the countries of the Western Balkans. Namely, starting from the nineteenth century onwards, Russia has emerged as a strong foreign policy partner of Serbia, thus expanding its influence on other Western Balkans countries. In this way, Russia, as a great political power, capitalizing on its own power and strong ideological, historical and cultural ties, uses Serbia to strengthen influence in the region and beyond. Starting from the historical insight in this relationship, the paper focuses on the tendency to present opportunism and pragmatism of the Russian foreign policy, guided exclusively by the Russian national interests, which is visible, both from historical perspective, and in the last twenty years. The relationship between Russia and Serbia is presented through the military, economic and diplomatic cooperation.

This review paper focuses on self-help strategies for helpers of different professions, but with an emphasis on counselor self-help strategies and challenges. At the very beginning of the work, the term self-care was defined and self-help strategies were explained. It is explained in the paper that self-care_a strategies include activities that achieve an optimal balance in the field of mental and physical health of helpers. For this reason, special attention was paid to the creation and maintenance of these strategies in the work. Activities in the function of self-help, in terms of their content and manner of performance as well as time commitment, have the purpose of providing the helper with relaxation, entertainment and emotional well-being. The paper describes the challenges of reconciling the business and family role of helpers as possible obstacles to maintaining a healthy boundary between work and family and an effective self-help and self-support strategy. The main postulates for reflecting the helper's self-help strategies are explained, with an emphasis on the sources of support that the work organization should provide and the activities that the helper can take personally. At the end of the paper, guidelines for the application of self-help strategies of professional helpers are described in order to encourage the improvement of regular use of effective self-help and self-support strategies.

Empirijska rasprava o efektima uvođenja finansijskih inovacija na finansijskim tržištima nikada ne jenjava. Uprkos širokoj upotrebi, ocjeni rejting agencija i velikom prometu, tržište kreditnih derivata se i dalje smatra novim i nedovoljno istraženim. S druge strane, jačanje finansijske krize iz 2008. godine se ne može u potpunosti pripisati upotrebi kreditnih derivata, iako su oni imali značajnu ulogu u širenju krize. Iako su Zakonom o tržištu kapitala predviđeni finansijski derivati, na tržištu kapitala u Bosni i Hercegovini oni još nisu korišteni. S tim u vezi, ozbiljni autoriteti u oblasti finansijskog menadžmenta zagovaraju upotrebu kreditnih derivata za transfer kreditnog rizika jer se tako mogu značajno smanjiti iznosi gubitaka u slučaju nastanka kreditnog događaja. Ova mogućnost dobija na značaju nakon šoka uzrokovanog pandemijom virusa korona. U radu ispitujemo hipotezu po kojoj postoji značajan prostor za inovacije na domaćem tržištu kapitala. Cilj rada je analizirati sve relevantne faktore koji utiču na nastanak i razvoj kreditnih derivata. U istraživanju su korištene metode analize, sinteze, dedukcije kao i odabrani alati poslovne i finansijske analize. Primarno su korišteni sekundarni izvori podataka, poput naučne i stručne literature, te javno dostupnih statističkih baza podataka. Zaključak pokazuje da je moguće i poželjno uvođenje kreditnih derivata na tržište te navodimo domete i ograničenja, ali i identifikujemo prepreke za uvođenje ovakvih inovacija.

Graphical abstract

Isolevuglandins (IsoLGs) are highly reactive gamma ketoaldehydes formed from H2-isoprostanes through lipid peroxidation and crosslink proteins leading to inflammation and various diseases including hypertension. Detection of IsoLG accumulation in tissues is crucial in shedding light on their involvement in the disease processes. However, measurement of IsoLGs in tissues is extremely difficult, and currently available tools, including mass spectrometry analysis, are laborious and extremely expensive. Here we describe a novel method for in situ detection of IsoLGs in tissues using alkaline phosphatase-conjugated D11 ScFv and a recombinant phage-display antibody produced in E. coli by immunofluorescent microscopy. Four controls were used for validating the staining: (1) staining with and without D11, (2) staining with bacterial periplasmic extract with the alkaline phosphatase linker, (3) irrelevant scFV antibody staining, and (4) competitive control with IsoLG prior to the staining. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the alkaline phosphatase-conjugated D11 in both human and mouse tissues with or without hypertension. This method will likely serve as an important tool to study the role of IsoLGs in a wide variety of disease processes.

Abstract In males, Leydig cells are the main producers of testosterone and insulin-like 3 (INSL3), two hormones essential for sex differentiation and reproductive functions. Chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factors I (COUP-TFI/NR2F1) and COUP-TFII (NR2F2) belong to the steroid/thyroid hormone nuclear receptor superfamily of transcription factors. In the testis, COUP-TFII is expressed and plays a role in the differentiation of cells committed to give rise to fully functional steroidogenic adult Leydig cells. Steroid production has also been shown to be diminished in COUP-TFII-depleted Leydig cells, indicating an important functional role in steroidogenesis. Until now, only a handful of target genes have been identified for COUP-TFII in Leydig cells. To provide new information into the mechanism of action of COUP-TFII in Leydig cells, we performed microarray analyses of COUP-TFII-depleted MA-10 Leydig cells. We identified 262 differentially expressed genes in COUP-TFII-depleted MA-10 cells. Many of the differentially expressed genes are known to be involved in lipid biosynthesis, lipid metabolism, male gonad development, and steroidogenesis. We validated the microarray data for a subset of the modulated genes by RT-qPCR. Downregulated genes included hydroxy-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase, 3 beta- and steroid delta-isomerase 1 (Hsd3b1), cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily a, polypeptide 1 (Cyp11a1), prolactin receptor (Prlr), nuclear receptor subfamily 0, group B, member 2 (Shp/Nr0b2), ferredoxin 1 (Fdx1), scavenger receptor class B, member 1 (Scarb1), inhibin alpha (Inha), and glutathione S-transferase, alpha 3 (Gsta3). Finally, analysis of the Gsta3 and Inha gene promoters showed that at least two of the downregulated genes are potentially new direct targets for COUP-TFII. These data provide new evidence that further strengthens the important nature of COUP-TFII in steroidogenesis, androgen homeostasis, cellular defense, and differentiation in mouse Leydig cells. Summary sentence An in-depth high-throughput transcriptomic analysis of COUP-TFII-depleted Leydig cells reveals novel gene pathways and networks regulated by this orphan nuclear receptor. Graphical Abstract

U ovom radu predstavljen je primer kroz koji se razmatra uticaj regulacije napona i različiti efekti na distantnu zaštitu. Da bi se obezbedila kvalitetna isporuka električne energije, električna mreža mora da bude izgrađena tako da i pri najvećim opterećenjima može da obavlja svoju funkciju, sem toga mora da bude otporna na kvarove i poremećaje, tj. da ih dovoljno brzo eliminiše i smanji trajanje prekida napajanja na ekonom­ski opravdanu meru. U radu su navedene i objašnjene vrste zaštite vodova, moderna rešenja distantne zaštite, pojedinosti regulacionih transformatora, i data analiza primera.

ABSTRACT Between autumn 1943 and autumn 1944, the Wehrmacht’s 2nd Panzer Army applied novel methods to stem the ever-growing tide of Yugoslavia’s partisan movement. During the first two years of the uprising, the German doctrine for combating the guerrillas was based almost entirely on brute force; in battlefield terms, this amounted to persistent use of classic large-scale encirclement operations aimed at breaking particularly dangerous enemy concentrations. After it had become clear that this wasn’t working, the Germans slowly began applying a more diversified approach in late 1943, including more reliance on small unit tactics, flexible operational planning, and subversive propaganda. Although initially successful, these methods came too late to make a strategic impact on the course of the Yugoslavia campaign. Furthermore, they could not offset the effects of Berlin’s long-standing refusal to dedicate more resources to this secondary theater of war.