Athletes who train in public places in urban and rural areas are just as attacked and injured by dogs of known owners as they are by dogs with no owners, in a relatively equal proportion. The largest number of bites occurs in the summer, what makes up half of all bites, just when sports activity is most pronounced. Athletes who are most often exposed to potential attacks and bites are cyclists, long-distance athletes, marathon runners, recreational athletes, etc. both during training and competitions. Off-road cyclists are at a significantly higher risk of dog attacks because cycling takes place off-road, that is, away from urban areas. Dog attacks can adversely affect the psycho-physical readiness of athletes. In Bosnia and Herzegovina there have been no cases of injuries to athletes recorded by competent medical institutions or umbrella sports associations. It is necessary to work on more efficient administration (registration and recording of attacks and bites of dogs). It is of utmost importance to educate athletes on dog behaviour, the reasons for their aggressive behaviour and causal mechanisms of dog attacks as well as the first aid education, what can have a great impact on reducing further complications.

A control algorithm for Parallel Connected Offshore Wind Turbines with permanent magnet synchronous Generators (PCOWTG) is presented in this paper. The algorithm estimates the optimal collective speed of turbines based on the estimated mechanical power of wind turbines without direct measurement of wind speed. In the proposed topology of the wind farm, direct-drive Wind Turbine Generators (WTG) is connected to variable low-frequency AC Collection Grids (ACCG) without the use of individual power converters. The ACCG is connected to a variable low-frequency offshore AC transmission grid using a step-up transformer. In order to achieve optimum wind power extraction, the collective speed of the WTGs is controlled by a single onshore Back to Back converter (B2B). The voltage control system of the B2B converter adjusts voltage by keeping a constant Volt/Hz ratio, ensuring constant magnetic flux of electromagnetic devices regardless of changing system frequency. With the use of PI pitch compensators, wind power extraction for each wind turbine is limited within rated WTG power limits. Lack of load damping in offshore wind parks can result in oscillatory instability of PCOWTG. In this paper, damping torque is increased using P pitch controllers at each WTG that work in parallel with PI pitch compensators.

Amaç: İnterlökin-6’nın (IL-6) periodontal hastalık patogenezi ve periodontal doku yıkımındaki rolü geniş çapta ele alınmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı, evre IV periodontitis hastalarının tükürüklerindeki IL-6 seviyelerini değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Araştırmaya evre IV periodontitis teşhisi konulan 28 hasta ile 22 hastadan oluşan kontrol grubu dahil edildi. Hastaların tümü sistemik olarak sağlıklıydı. Tükürük örnekleri toplandı ve sondalama derinliği (SD), klinik ataşman seviyesi (KAS), papil kanama indeksi (PKİ), sondalamada kanama yüzdesi (SK %), plak indeksi (Pİ) ve diştaşı indeksini (Dİ) içeren klinik periodontal ölçümler kaydedildi. Her bir hastanın uyarılmamış tükürükleri, tükürük toplayıcı ile toplandı ve örneklerdeki IL-6 seviyesi enzim bağlı immünosorbent testi ile analiz edildi. Bulgular: Evre IV periodontitis hastalarının ortalama IL-6 değeri 22,18±5,96 pg/mL idi. Kontrol grubunun ortalama IL-6 değeri ise 2,23±2,17 pg/mL idi. Periodontitis Objective: The role of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease and tissue destruction at the periodontal site has been widely reported. This study aimed to evaluate the salivary IL-6 levels in patients with stage IV periodontitis. Materials and Methods: The study included 28 patients who were diagnosed with periodontitis stage IV and the control group of 22 periodontally healthy patients. All the patients were systemically healthy. Saliva samples were collected, and clinical periodontal measurements, including probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), papilla bleeding index (PBI), the percentage of sites with bleeding on probing (BOP) %, plaque index (PI) and calculus index (CI), were recorded. The unstimulated saliva of each patient was collected by a saliva collector, and all samples were analysed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method for the detection of IL-6. Results: The mean value of salivary IL-6 in patients with periodontitis stage IV was 22.18±5.96 pg/mL. In the control group, the average measured value of IL-6 was 2.23±2.17 pg/mL. The periodontitis group had a significantly higher salivary IL-6 levels than the control group. A strong positive correlation was observed between the salivary IL-6 and clinical periodontal parameters (PD, CAL, PBI, BOP %, PI and CI) in patients with periodontitis stage IV (p<0.0001). Conclusion: We demonstrated a statistically significant relationship between periodontal parameters and salivary IL-6 in patients with periodontitis stage IV. New studies are needed to accurately establish salivary IL-6 potential as a biomarker for periodontal disease monitoring, including all stages and grades of periodontitis.

Background: Although scientometry gradually became prevalent way of measuring one’s research output, there are many inherent drawbacks in main indices that are used: impact factor, number of citations, number of published papers and Hirsch’s index. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze effects of inflated co-authorship on values of scientometric indices among authors in biomedicine who participated in published papers with more than 30 co-authors. Methods: The study was of cross-sectional type, based on 100 publications randomly extracted from the MEDLINE database. The inclusion criterion was publication with more than 30 authors. The studies with topics not related to humans were excluded from further analysis. Results: On average about 10% of papers published by the surveyed authors had more than 30 co-authors, but these papers brought more than 40% of all citations and more than 40% of Hirsch’s index attributed to these authors. The duration of scientific activity was well correlated to number of citations, Hirsch’s index and the number of publications themselves with 30 or less co-authors, while the correlation did not exist with number of citations, Hirsch’s index and the number of publications with more than 30 authors. In summary, publications with > 30 authors carry more scientometric points than publications with less co-authors, and the researchers with shorter scientific activity had larger scientometric benefit from publications with more than 30 authors than senior researchers. Conclusion: Unjustified and prolific co-authorship is one of methods for inflation of scientometric indices that are not further reflecting true quality of research output of an individual. Further improvement of scientometric indicators may prevent unjustified co-authorship if it reflects the work invested in a research result.

Background: Previous pandemic and catastrophic events significantly changed the life of every human being, bringing him/her into a state of stress and the need to quickly adapt to new ways of daily activity. COVID-19 has a negative impact on all elements of health: social, physical and mental. Pharmacotherapy, as well as protective measures (isolation, wearing masks and maintaining physical distance) did not give the expected results. Vaccination has not yet led to herd immunity, so it is still jeopardizing every aspect of human health (1, 2). Non-pharmacological methods, such as stress and sleep control, physical activity and contact with nature are of great importance since they can significantly contribute to staying healthy during a pandemic. Objectives: The aim of this paper is to evaluate the impact of non-pharmacological measures such as stress and sleep control (with different measures against the negative effects of anxiety and depression on mental state) and the possible positive impact of “forest bathing” on improving the immune response to the virus and its consequences. Methods: Available evidence-based studies on ways to com- bat stress and the effect of the proposed measures on human mental health and the im- mune system were analyzed. From the mentioned studies, recommended measures have been registered, which refer to stress and sleep control, diet and eating habits, contact with nature (“forest bathing”, gardening), virtual communication and meditation (mindfulness practice). Results and Discussion: The combined results of these studies indicate that COVID-19 has a chronic course and complications that significantly affect the physical, mental and emotional state of the patient. Proven positive effects of non-pharmacological measures can be applied in the daily practice of primary health care in the comprehensive fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: Non-pharmacological measures such as stress and sleep control, spending time in nature, healthy diet, and physical activity may improve the immune response to COVID-19. These measures, with their positive effects on all aspects of health, can make a major contribution to controlling and improving the quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Aim To investigate a profile of patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Methods This observational study included 1022 patients hospitalized at the Clinical Centre University of Sarajevo in a 5-year period, 2015 to 2019. Results Disease prevalence rises sharply after the age of 50. Most patients, 797 (78%) had proximal PAD; 658 (64.4%) were males. The death occurred in 73 (7.1%) patients, more often in females (66- 10%), and in patients with chronic kidney disease (10- 23.8%). Amputation occurred in 153 (15%) patients, where 102 (66.7%) patients had diabetes. Other surgical procedures were more common in males and smokers. Necrosis and phlegmon on lower extremities were found in 563 (55.1%) and 43 (4.2%) patients, respectively. History of tobacco use was noted in 620 (60.2%) patients, and 414 (40.8%) patients were current smokers. More than a half of patients had hypertension and diabetes, 596 (58.3%) and 513 (50.2%), respectively. One in 10 patients had a history of myocardial infarction or stroke. Most patients had high fibrinogen and blood glucose and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Conclusion Patients with PAD have multiple comorbidities and risk for various complications. Primary and secondary prevention of risk factors is the mainstay of treatment.

Aim To investigate the benefit of high-dose lipophilic statin therapy on cardiac remodelling, function and progression of heart failure (HF) in patients with ischemic heart disease. Methods A total of 80 patients with ischemic HF diagnosis were followed during 6 months, and they were divided in two groups. First group (n=40) was treated by high-dose lipophilic statin therapy (atorvastatin 40 mg) and conventional therapy for HF, while the second group (n=40) had no atorvastatin in the therapy. Results In the beginning of study, from all of the observed parameters, only the ratio of flow rates in early and late diastole (E/A ratio) differed between the test groups (p=0.007). After six months, a statistically significant increase in left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVIDD) in patients who had not been treated with atorvastatin was found. In the patients treated with atorvastatin, there was a significant reduction in basal right ventricle diameter in diastole and systole (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively), and in tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) (p<0.001); there was a reduction in LVIDD (p<0.001), and an increase of ejection fraction of the left ventricle according to Teicholtz and Simpson (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). Also, there was an increase of deceleration time of early diastolic velocity (DTE) (p<0.05) and a decrease of isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) (p<0.001). Conclusion The reduction in the right and left ventricle diameters was noted after the six-month atorvastatin therapy. Atorvastatin in the therapy resulted in increased EFLV and better systolic function and should be a part of a therapeutic modality of HF.

No abstract available.

This short biography traces the life and medical activities of Rosalie Sattler, née Feuerstein (1883-19??), who was employed as an official female physician at the Austro-Hungarian (AH) provincial public health department in Sarajevo from 1914-1919. Born in 1883 into a Jewish middle-class family in Chernivtsi (then Czernowitz), Ukraine, in Bukovina, the easternmost province in Austria, Feuerstein moved to Vienna in 1904 to study medicine. After earning her MD from Vienna University in 1909, she started her career as an assistant physician at the Kaiser Franz Josef Hospital in Vienna. In spring 1912, Feuerstein moved to Sarajevo to work as an intern at the local provincial hospital (Landeskrankenhaus). In the same year, she married AH district physician Moritz Sattler (1873-1927) in Vienna. In 1914, Sattler-Feuerstein successfully applied to be an AH official female physician in Bosnia. She was an employee of the provincial public health department in Sarajevo and never functioned as an official female physician in the sense of the relevant AH service ordinance. After the collapse of the monarchy, Sattler-Feuerstein continued to be employed as an official female physician of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes. She resigned from service in 1919 and established herself as a private general practitioner in Sarajevo with her husband, who had also resigned as an official physician and started to practice privately at that point. Widowed in 1927, she left Sarajevo for an unknown destination, likely in 1938-1939, and vanished from historical records. CONCLUSION: Rosalie Sattler-Feuerstein (1883-19??) came to Bosnia as the eighth AH official female physician and worked as an employee of the AH provincial public health department in Sarajevo from 1914-1919, after which she practiced as a private physician in Sarajevo for more than 25 years.

Xanthohumol (XN), isoxanthohumol (IX) and 8-prenylnaringenin (8-PN) are important prenylflavonoids present in hops with potential beneficial properties. In this study, we examined differences in the content of XN, IX and 8-PN in hops and beer produced under organic and conventional production regimes. A An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method for analysing XN, IX and 8-PN in hops and beer was developed and validated, with LOQ ranging from 0.5 to 10 ng/mL. Finally, we examined 15N/14N and 12C/13C isotope ratios in the hops and beer using isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). The results show no statistically significant difference in the content of the selected prenylflavonoids between organic and conventionally produced hops and beer—in the whole sample group, as well as between the matched pairs. Stable isotope analysis indicated that only δ15N values are statistically higher in organically produced hops and beer. However, the differentiation according to the type of production could not be made solely based on the δ15N signature, but it could be used to provide supporting evidence.

With stress echo (SE) 2020 study, a new standard of practice in stress imaging was developed and disseminated: the ABCDE protocol for functional testing within and beyond CAD. ABCDE protocol was the fruit of SE 2020, and is the seed of SE 2030, which is articulated in 12 projects: 1-SE in coronary artery disease (SECAD); 2-SE in diastolic heart failure (SEDIA); 3-SE in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (SEHCA); 4-SE post-chest radiotherapy and chemotherapy (SERA); 5-Artificial intelligence SE evaluation (AI-SEE); 6-Environmental stress echocardiography and air pollution (ESTER); 7-SE in repaired Tetralogy of Fallot (SETOF); 8-SE in post-COVID-19 (SECOV); 9: Recovery by stress echo of conventionally unfit donor good hearts (RESURGE); 10-SE for mitral ischemic regurgitation (SEMIR); 11-SE in valvular heart disease (SEVA); 12-SE for coronary vasospasm (SESPASM). The study aims to recruit in the next 5 years (2021–2025) ≥10,000 patients followed for ≥5 years (up to 2030) from ≥20 quality-controlled laboratories from ≥10 countries. In this COVID-19 era of sustainable health care delivery, SE2030 will provide the evidence to finally recommend SE as the optimal and versatile imaging modality for functional testing anywhere, any time, and in any patient.

Aim To identify laboratory tests for early detection and the development of more severe illness and death in COVID-19 hospitalized patients. Methods A prospective study was done on 66 hospitalized COVID-19 patients (males: 54.5%; mean age 70.1 ± 9.6 years) who were stratified into: moderate (n=36; 54.5%), severe (n=12; 18.2%), and critically ill (n=18; 27.3%). Besides clinical findings, a wide spectrum of laboratory parameters was monitored at admission and control during the first seven days of hospitalization and used to predict progression from non-severe to severe illness and to predict the final outcome. Results Critically ill patients showed a higher control value of white blood cell count, C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, ferritin, but lower lymphocyte count and O2 saturation. Patients with fatal outcome (23; 34.85%) showed a higher control value of neutrophil, lactate dehydrogenase, ferritin, and lower lymphocyte and O2 saturation. Progression from moderate to severe or critical illness was predicted by increasing lactate dehydrogenase (95% CI 0.5803 to 0.8397;p=0.003729), increase in ferritin (95% CI 0.5288 to 0.8221;p=0.03248), and by drop in O2 saturation (95% CI 0.5498 to 0.8179;p=0.01168). A fatal outcome was predicted by increase in ferritin (95% CI 0.5059 to 0.8195;p=0.04985), as well as by drop in O2 saturation (95% CI 0.5916 to 0.8803; p=0.001861). Conclusion Increase in ferritin, and drop in O2 saturation could be the most important prognostic parameters for the development of more severe clinical illness and death in COVID-19 hospitalized patients.