For any society that strives for growth and development, focus on quality education is of particular importance. With the adoption of the Lisbon strategy in 2000, the European Union (EU) started an upward trajectory towards the most competitive economy in the world. Cooperation in education has become an important instrument for mutual understanding and sharing of European values. This cooperation is supported with numerous relevant policy strategies, action plans, available statistical data, evaluation reports, road maps, thematic working groups and programmes, special network structures and idea exchange platforms within the EU. Key relevant strategies, plans and respective indicators are analyzed in this paper. Special attention is given to progress in candidate and potential candidate countries with regards to recommendations and goals of EU. It is concluded that more effort of the educational authorities is needed in all countries and one of the areas that needs to be further developed is evidence based policy making in education.

The paper discusses the visual response to text as a reading strategy employed to determine which parts or main ideas of the text the reader focuses on while reading. It starts with an assumption that every reading is a unique experience to which readers bring their previous experiences, cultural and social backgrounds, as well as general or specific knowledge. Therefore, the aim of the paper is to provide a better insight into active reading (Carillo 2017) and present results of a case study that, through visual responses to reading, also addresses text processing in a multimodal setting. The methodological framework comprises a visual response task that requires that the readers draw or sketch a visual interpretation of the text. In this way, sketching in response to reading is used as a complementary component and a visualization tool in the reading process (Wilhelm 1995; Fernandes 2018). Based on the results of the research, it is proposed that visual response to reading can be used to enhance multimodal creativity, and vocabulary acquisition and fully immerse readers in the reading process.

The collection of short stories Pobune was mainly analyzed from a literary theoretical perspective. The paper deals with the linguistic analysis of phrasemes modifications and the expansion of phrasemes in the mentioned work. The paper distinguishes between phrasemes modifications and phrasemes variations. Since the term phrasemes in modern phraseology is interpreted in different ways, this paper will analyze those phrasemes that have at least two autosemantic words in their composition, at least one of which has a transferred meaning. In the excerpted corpus, no author's modifications of idioms resulting from the reduction or condensation of certain lexemes were found, but only idioms created by expanding/adding lexemes that affected the modified meanings of those idioms. The aim of the work is the analysis of the author's phrasemes, finding synonymous phrasemes in consulted sources and giving meaning to those author's phrasemes that have not been recorded in both phraseological and general dictionaries of the Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian languages, but also in other consulted sources. Structurally and semantically modified phrasemes are found in the analyzed corpus. The recorded examples of idioms in the five short stories were used only once, and their unrepeatability also affects their more expressive value. The analyzed examples of the author's modifications of phrasemes are an indicator of the writer's ability to make recorded phrasemes more expressive, to change their meanings, and to construct new phrasemes that were not recorded.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) has been associated with changes in volatile metabolic profiles in several human biological matrices. This enables its non-invasive detection, but the origin of these volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and their relation to the gut microbiome are not yet fully understood. This systematic review provides an overview of the current understanding of this topic. A systematic search using PubMed, Embase, Medline, Cochrane Library, and the Web of Science according to PRISMA guidelines resulted in seventy-one included studies. In addition, a systematic search was conducted that identified five systematic reviews from which CRC-associated gut microbiota data were extracted. The included studies analyzed VOCs in feces, urine, breath, blood, tissue, and saliva. Eight studies performed microbiota analysis in addition to VOC analysis. The most frequently reported dysregulations over all matrices included short-chain fatty acids, amino acids, proteolytic fermentation products, and products related to the tricarboxylic acid cycle and Warburg metabolism. Many of these dysregulations could be related to the shifts in CRC-associated microbiota, and thus the gut microbiota presumably contributes to the metabolic fingerprint of VOC in CRC. Future research involving VOCs analysis should include simultaneous gut microbiota analysis.

The kaolinite content is principally responsible for the durability performance of Limestone Calcined Clay Cement (LC3), which calls into question its global applicability. The clay supply has a significant impact on the LC3 system’s reduced carbon footprint advantage. The influence of kaolinite concentration from two separate clays (collected in East South-East Europe) on the durability performance of concrete was investigated in this study. The low-kaolinitic clay had 18% kaolinite, while the medium-kaolinitic clay contained around 41% kaolinite. The compressive strength, chloride intrusion, electrical conductivity, surface resistivity, and sorptivity index were measured on concrete after 28 days. Furthermore, the pore structure development of these mixtures was investigated in relation to the kaolinite content of the mixtures. The reactivity test was performed on clays to measure their reactivity levels within the cementitious system. The results show that kaolinite content has a moderate effect on compressive strength, but it has a considerable effect on other durability indices. When compared to the Portland cement mixture, the chloride migration and diffusion coefficients were reduced by 50% and 36%, respectively, in the combination with a medium kaolinite content (more than 40%). The low-kaolinitic clay, on the other hand, achieved 60% of the chloride penetration resistance of the medium-kaolinitic clay. Furthermore, low-kaolinitic clay has been demonstrated to be suitable for low-carbon concrete in moderate exposure conditions.

Purpose: Orbital cellulitis is a serious condition with potentially severe complications. Treatment requires interdisciplinary care and early introduction of antimicrobial therapy. In our tertiary center, a team of pediatricians, pediatric ophthalmologists, and otorhinolaryngologists successfully participated in the management of pediatric periorbital/orbital cellulitis. This study aimed to demonstrate our interdisciplinary approach and to investigate clinical profile and management of pediatric periorbital/orbital cellulitis. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed of all pediatric patients hospitalized for periorbital and orbital cellulitis in a tertiary hospital center from September 15, 2016, to March 15, 2020. Results: A total of 26 children—median age 2.7 years (range 0.5–12)—were treated during the study period. Disease presentation was unilateral, mainly during winter (n = 12) and autumn (n = 12), without ophthalmoplegia/proptosis. Seven patients had orbital cellulitis (Chandler classification of ≥III) and were older (6.5 years, P = 0.011) with sinusitis (P < 0.001), required surgery (P = 0.004), underwent longer antimicrobial treatment (13 days, P < 0.001), and had a longer length of hospital stay (13.43 days, P = 0.001). Orbital cellulitis occurred in a median of three days (range 1–12) of acute rhinosinusitis. Radiological survey was performed in 11 patients, whereas six patients were treated surgically. All intraoperatively collected cultures (sinus swabs) were positive, whereas Streptococcus pyogenes and Peptostreptococcus were isolated in five cases. All patients fully recovered. No recurrence was documented. Conclusion: Sinusitis is associated with severe orbital cellulitis and surgical management. Orbital cellulitis occurred early in the course of acute rhinosinusitis, as a distinctive presentation of rhinosinusitis. Interdisciplinary care and early management are crucial in treatment of pediatric periorbital/orbital cellulitis.

Public-Private Partnership (PPP) is an organizational model of public service delivery in which a public partner joins with a private one for a joint delivery of a public service, creating added value for both parties in this “partnership”. From the point of view of the public partner, it decreases public expenditure, increases the quality and distribution of public services, and reduces agency costs. From the point of view of the private partner, the benefits are in achieving the planned rate of return, reducing sub-investment costs, reducing agency costs, and avoiding debt risk. There are numerous studies on the correlation between economic development and investment through PPP, which have led to this research. According to the legal framework in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which is composed of entity and cantonal laws, a subject of PPPs may also be construction, use, maintenance and management or reconstruction of property for the purposes of meeting public needs in the health service sector. The aim of the paper is to explore the legal and institutional assumptions of investing through the PPP model in Bosnia and Herzegovina health service sector and to make recommendations for improving the PPP situation in the health service sector. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the paper is structured in three parts. The first part represents a concise theoretical framework in which the subject of the research is situated, the second part presents the state of affairs pertaining to investments in the health service sector, and the third part analyzes the current state of the use of this form of public service delivery in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The concluding section makes recommendations for improvements in terms of improving the investment through PPP in the sector of health care services.

Cottage cheese is the largest segment of the dairy market and is most often consumed as a fresh food. The microbiological quality of domestic cottage cheese can pose a problem for public health. Cottage cheese belongs to a group of foods having a potential public health risk. The aim of this study was to conduct microbiological research to determine the level of sanitary safety of cottage cheese types acquired from the most frequents markets of Sarajevo Canton (Bosnia and Herzegovina). Of the total (n=40) analysed cheese types, 22 samples (55%) proved to be meet sanitary requirements, while 18 samples (45%) did not meet microbiological quality, pursuant to the microbiological criteria for cheese stipulated by the National Regulation of Microbiological Criteria B&H and Guidelines for Microbiological Food Criteria B&H. The study included 24 samples of pasteurised and 16 samples of unpasteurised milk. However, five cheese samples (20.8%) from pasteurised milk, and 13 samples (81.3%) from unpasteurised milk were non-compliant. Microbiological analysis was conducted for compulsory and several recommended microorganisms: Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, coagulase positive staphylococci and other species (Staphylococcus aureus), Escherichia coli, and yeasts and moulds. Our findings confirm that the most common bacteria were S. aureus and E. coli. Also, yeasts and moulds were detected but were within the permissible concentrations. Salmonella spp. and L. monocytogenes were not detected in any of the examined samples.

Given its plural nature, Bosnian literature implies multiple layers and articulates internal processes that are significantly different from external ones, generating an intracultural profile that challenges a specific, different, and at the same time, unique approach to its study. Relying on the general methodology of the study of literature and on the history of the study of Bosnian literature, with a methodological foundation in the eclecticism of cultural studies and intercultural literature, the work tries to point out the possibilities of studying Bosnian literature through intracultural processes.

The Jewish cultural tradition, which within the framework of the Bosnian habitus went through stages - from assimilation, concretization, activation, and even fusion - represents a paradigm of intracultural processes in the complex Bosnian society. These processes take place through various interactions, which have not been bypassed by local literature, and are representative of one part of the literary oeuvre of Isak Samokovlija. Based on the theoretical starting points of intercultural interpretation and psychoanalysis, the work questions Samokovlija's short stories in which the characters act through the suppressed own versus the foreign. This is especially expressed in the stories “Od proljeća do proljeća” (From Spring to Spring) and “Plava Jevrejka” (The Blue Jewess).

Few female authors have managed to bring about a gynocritical habitus of recognition like that of Jasmina Musabegović. A woman as a scholar, writer, and interpreter – both in the context of literary criticism and the literary text itself – would be just some of the key determinants of this author's creative biography. The experience of meticulous scholarly effort, poetic-essayistic feminine writing, the skill of deconstructing patriarchal codes, and the profiling and reconstruction of female narrative identities are preoccupations that lead Musabegović towards anachronisms. In her literary-critical work, essayistic oeuvre, in novels – from the first Snopis to Žene. Glasovi – identities, both authorial and protagonistic, inscribe themselves through certain topoi (typically female cognitive intimate spaces) and atopoi (dreams, the body's aporia, arts, phantasmagoria), reaching textual, and through it, an existential anachronism. Under the hypothesis that women's anachronisms occur precisely through and between topoi and atopoi, the work examines how they manifest and what they reflect. The research leads to the conclusion that the motifs of recognition range from sensual feminine to geographical and historical, woven into their associations subject to previous experiences.

<p style="text-align: justify;">3D scanning and 3D printing finds more and more application in digitalization, presentation and replicas making of different artworks. In this paper the capabilities of these technologies are represented on the example of a selected sculpture from Smrike national monument. Polygonal 3D model of the sculpture is made by using a manual 3D scanner. Using the obtained 3D model, twelve scaled-down replicas of the sculpture<br />are made by FDM 3D print technology. Different technical details and parameters, as well as processing in different software are presented and described.</p>

<p>In this paper, a differential equation is derived relating to the relationship among the Loschmidt constant, the Avogadro constant, and the speed of sound in gases as a function of the thermodynamic properties of the gas (pressure, temperature, and volume). To confirm the validity of the derived equation, the ratio of the constants NL/NA and the deviation of the NL/NA ratio for several ideal gases (hydrogen, helium, carbon monoxide,<br />nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, methane) were calculated using the ideal-gas equations of state (Pv=RT). The calculation of the ratio of the constants NL/NA and the deviation of the NL/NA ratio from the value for the gases at standard state (i.e., temperature 273.15 K and pressure 101325 Pa) is in a good agreement with the results published in literature, given the fact that the literature data of the NL/NA ratio is 0.04461498 at standard state. As the second step in confirming the validity of the derived equation, the ratio of the constants NL/NA and the deviation of the NL/NA ratio for several real gases (hydrogen, helium, carbon monoxide, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, methane) were calculated using the real-gas Van der Waals equation of state. In this case, the calculation results are also in agreement with the reference value.</p>

Road capacity utilization is causally connected with an appropriate level of efficiency and an optimal level of traffic safety. Therefore, in this paper, it is considered the issue of maximum utilization of road capacity through the maximization of the input parameter AADT (Annual Average Daily Traffic), and the minimization of output parameters related to the categories of traffic accidents. It was defined six main road sections, which were evaluated based on seven techno-operational criteria using an integrated Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) model. The data refer to buses as a vehicle category. The Improved Fuzzy Step-Wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (IMF SWARA) method was chosen to determine the weights of criteria, while the road sections were ranked using the Evaluation based on distance from average solution (EDAS). In addition, in one of the stages of applying the model when it comes to AADT, the Bonferroni operator (BFO) is used. The results show that the highest level of safety refers to a main road section with the following characteristics: average AADT, minimal deviation from the speed limit, an ascent of 7% and the lowest number of traffic accidents by all categories. In the paper, it was performed a multi-phase sensitivity analysis in order to identify possible differences in results when determining new circumstances.

The object of research in this scientific paper is the treatment of waste generated by paper production in industrial landfills. In the part of the paper production process, i.e. in its subsystem for wastewater treatment, a significant amount of solid waste is generated, which ends up in industrial landfills. The reason for the impossibility of returning to the production process lies in the fact that the sludge contains larger amounts of moisture and present chemical components that are isolated in the paper production process or during wastewater treatment. In the experimental part of the paper, a “trial plot” was selected on which seedlings of the paulownia elongate plant were planted in the waste sludge. The process of plant growth was monitored for two years and bioremediation, i.e. transfer of elements from sediments to plants, was analysed by modern instrumental methods. Based on the results obtained by research, it can be said with certainty that Paulownia elongate can be used in bioremediation of areas where these sediments are deposited.