Background: The scientific researchers have the role of interacting through published articles in scientific journals or presentations at scientific and professional conferences were they can affect the practices that can make achievements to society and country. or worldwide. For this reason, scientists are encouraged after completing the project and finalizing their research investigation to publish scientific work outcomes in professional and scientific journals. Objective: The aim of this article was to describe scientometric and bibliometric indexes and explaine its importance for its evaluation and measuring quality assessment of published papers in scientific journals deposited in scientific indexed databases. Also, author criticaly analized advantages and disadvantages of current bibliometric portals for creating the list of universities and its accademic staff by counts of deposited articles in databases and number of its citations. Methods: The author searched the most influential online databases and analyzed deposited papers by scientometric/bibliometric indexes, and used a descriptive method to review important facts about scientometrics experiences in scientific and academic practice. The author used facts deposited on the main international portals for analyzing number of citations of deposited scientific papers on Scopus and Google Scholar platform - h-Index and i10-Index and number of citations as basic data fot created top list of most citated scientists in almost of all countries in the world. . Results and Discussion: Bibliometric methods are used for quantitative analysis of written materials. Citation provides guidelines for scientific work because it stimulates scientists to deal with the most current research areas and organizes scientific articles at the world level or shapes and directs them. Citation is influenced by: article quality, understanding of the article, language in which the article is written, loyalty to a group of researchers, article type, etc. Some indicators used in evaluating scientific work are Impact factor (IF); Citation of the article; Journal citations; Number and order of authors, etc. The index factor of influence depends on the quality of the journal, the language in which it was printed, the area it covers, and the journal distribution system. Finaly, three portals and its plaforms (Webometrics, "AD Scientific Index" and Stanford Bibliometric List) are not fully relevant for measuring quality assessment of universities and its academic staff, even as potentialy members of academies of sciences, like it used in the past. They need to improve in the future. In this article, we pointed out that h-Index and Google Scholar indexes for present valuable measures to determine scientific excellence. These criteria should be necessary for quality assessment of the scientific curriculum of scientists and their published papers in journals when experts of indexed databases like Medline, PMC, Scopus, etc., do reviews during the evaluation of applied journals for potentially including indexed databases. Conclusion: Current academies and academicians can propose criteria how improve indexing scientific papers with the consultation of scientific bodies and experts at universities in one country, selected regions, or worldwide. Only quality research with exact results offers the scientific community new information about the examined problem and the researcher’s personal satisfaction, and opening opportunities to receive critical reviews of those who have insight into the research.

Background: Covid-19 primarily manifests itself as a respiratory disease, but also with numerous extrapulmonary symptoms and complications. The clinical form of the disease before hospitalization, has a great influence on the further course and occurrence of complications of the disease. Objective: To analyze the clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with moderate and severe clinical form of the disease, the complications that developed in these patients during hospitalization and the outcome of the disease. Methods: The retrospective study included 520 patients from the Tuzla Canton, treated in the COVID-19 Hospital at University Clinical Center Tuzla in the period from March 27 to October 1, 2020. The source of data were the medical records of hospitalized patients. The clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with moderate and severe clinical form of the disease and the complications that developed in these patients during hospitalization were analyzed. Results: The number of hospitalized men was statistically significantly higher, p=0.000. Most patients were in the age group of 60-69 years: 152 (29.3%), then in the age group of 50-59 years: 119 (22.9%). Women <70 years had more often a moderate, and women >70 years more often a severe clinical form of the disease, p<0.01. Patients with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic lung diseases, cardiovascular diseases, hematological diseases and tumors of solid organs, with leukopenia and lymphopenia, elevated LDH, CRP, transaminases and serum ferritin, significantly more often had a clinically severe form of the disease (p<0.01). Patients with a severe clinical form of the disease on admission to the hospital had more frequent complications and death as outcome (p<0.01). Conclusion: Patients who were hospitalized with a severe form of COVID-19 had significantly more frequent disease complications and death as outcome.

Aim: To present a very rare case of empyema cavuma septi pellucidi. Case report: A 5-year-old male child was admitted to the Department of Infectious Diseases Cantonal Hospital Zenica because of fever (38.30C), headache and vomiting. The patient developed intracranial hypertension as a result of a compressive purulent collection formed due to meningitis between the lamine of the septum pelucidum with consequent intracranial hypertension. Conclusion: The decision regarding the modality of treatment was not easy. We considered that empyema evacuation using the transcallosalinterhemispheric approach allows the complete removal of purulent collection and the placement of drainage, which allows additional emptying of the empyema cavity and prevents empyema recurrence. Empyema evacuation with drainage and antibiotic therapy have shown beneficial results.

Background: Cognitive dysfunctions are considered as a poor prognostic factor that influence health-related quality of life in multiple sclerosis. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of cognitive impairment on the quality of life in multiple sclerosis patients. Methods: This study included 60 MS patients treated at the Department of Neurology, Clinical Center University of Sarajevo. Inclusion criteria were clinically definite diagnosis of multiple sclerosis, 18 years of age or older and were able to give written informed consent. Cognitivefunction was evaluated by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCa) screening test. Quality of life was evaluated by SF36 questionnaire. Results: 88.33% of patients had cognitive impairment with 68.33% with mild cognitive impairment. Abstraction (60,83%), language (56,66%), executive functions (53.66%) and delayed recall (28.33%) were rated the worst. The median value of SF-36 score was 54.1 (27.7-70.01). The lowest results were achieved in the QOL domains of psycial limitation with a median value of 12.5 (0-75) and emotional limitation 33.3 (0-100). It is found statistically significant correlation of the MoCa score with social functioning, energy, vitality and general health (p<0.05) and physical functioning (p<0.001) domains of quality of life, as well as with SF -36 total scores (p<0.05). Among group of patients with cognitive impairment, statistically significant positive correlation between cognitive status mental health HRQOL domain (rho=0.427; p<0.001) was found. Conclusion: Cognitive impairment is very often presented in patients with multiple sclerosis with significant contribution to a poorer quality of life. It is associated with physical and emotional limitations, as well as poorer mental health. Further studies are needed, especially when we take into account very important clinical and prognostic role of cognition in multiple sclerosis.

The paper discusses the relationship between assessment in teaching English as a foreign language and students’ competencies. The data collected by this research show that, in recent times, teachers and students are becoming aware that learning based only on the acquisition of facts will not adequately respond to the challenges they will face in the future. An environment in which the learning outcomes are transparently and directly linked to the students’ competencies enables them to take responsibility for their progress, not only during the official period of schooling but also during lifelong learning, which is very important. With this approach, learning outcomes and their connection with the necessary competencies to achieve learning outcomes become the basis for redefining qualifications and curricula in general and professional education. The transparent connection of learning outcomes and necessary competencies to achieve learning outcomes, as well as the shift of focus from teachers to students, enables students to find their way of improving competencies and taking responsibility for their learning. Learning outcomes are best understood by viewing them as a series of valuable processes and opportunities that can be applied in different ways in different areas of teaching and learning. The emphasis is on defining the learning outcomes so that we use the students’ experience and pay less attention to the content of the subjects of a specific curriculum. The data from this research indicate that learning outcomes impact assessment if they are adequately linked to competencies. Students can monitor their progress and take responsibility for it. The primary outcome of this research is that assessment aligned with progress in students’ competencies and their connection to learning outcomes will certainly improve learning.

In Europe, wood is a crucial construction material that has experienced a surge in use for building applications in recent years. To enhance its dimensional stability and durability, thermal modification is a widely accepted commercial technology. Thermal modification is a popular technique that alters the properties of wood, improving its resistance to decay and increasing its dimensional stability. The process involves heating wood to high temperatures under controlled conditions, leading to chemical reactions that result in various physical and mechanical changes. This paper will discuss the effects of thermal modification on the physical properties of wood, such as density, moisture content, and color, as well as its impact on the mechanical properties, including strength, stiffness, and hardness. Additionally, the review will examine the factors that influence the degree of modification, such as temperature, duration, and wood species. Finally, the paper will conclude with an overview of the current state of research in this field and identify potential avenues for future investigation.

This study aimed to investigate the water absorption capacity of thermally modi fi ed and non-modi fi ed spruce and blue-stained spruce wood. The wettability of wood depends on various factors, including its type, density, porosity, and surface treatment. Wood can swell and become distorted when exposed to water or humidity, impacting its structural integrity. Hence, it is crucial to consider the water and water vapour uptake in the wood when choosing materials for applications that are likely to be exposed to moisture. Various moisture absorption tests were conducted to assess water absorption capacity, including short-term and long-term water absorption and water vapour absorption. The results showed a signi fi cant difference in the long-term exposure to water, which was related to the density of the wood. The study examined the in fl uence of thermal treatment on the physical properties of wood and observed signi fi cant variations in mass change due to coating, indicating differences in adhesion among different wood types. Vacuum-treated blue-stained Norway spruce demonstrated higher adhesion (5% – 15%) compared to air-treated samples. Furthermore, cohesion tests revealed lower cohesion force in blue-stained Norway spruce (approximately 20% – 30%) compared to Norway spruce. The study also used indus-try-standard tests to investigate the adhesion and cohesion of nano-coatings on wood surfaces. The results provided valuable information on the properties of coatings applied to wood, which is vital in protecting and decorating wood while also providing preventive protection against wood pests, weathering, and mechanical in fl uences. Wood modi fi cation in vacuum involves subjecting the wood to a low-pressure environment to remove air and moisture, allowing for deeper and more uniform penetration of treatment chemicals. In contrast, wood modi fi cation in air relies on the natural circulation of air to facilitate the absorption of chemical treatments, without the need for a vacuum chamber.

Background: The most common patohistological finding in primary hyperparathyroidism is adenoma of the parathyroid gland, followed by hyperplasia and the rarest is carcinoma. However, hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands (PTG) is most commonly found in secondary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the localization of the parathyroid glands and pathological diagnosis, as well as the prevalence of individual pathological diagnosis after surgery in patients with hyperparathyroidism. Methods: Analysis of retrospective-prospective database of 79 patients who underwent parathyreoidectomy for hyperparathyroidism in the 7-year study period. Diagnostic methods were used to identify enlarged parathyroid glands as well as to determine their localization: ultrasound examination, scintigraphy and operative finding. Standard hematoxylin eosin staining was used for pathophysiological diagnosis. A correlation analysis between parathyroid gland localization and pathophysiological diagnosis was performed. Results: The median age of the patients were 51 age (range 20-73) and 67,1% of the patients were female. In the total number of surgically removed parathyroid glands (182), the most common pathophysiological diagnosis was hyperplasia. Parathyroid adenoma was found in 21 cases. Other diagnoses (thyroid nodule / tissue, lymph node, thymus, cancer) were found in 11 cases, while a normal finding was found in 12 glands. Pathophysiological diagnosis of hyperplasia and adenoma were more common in the lower parathyroid glands. Using the chi-square test, no association was found between pathophysiological diagnosis and localization of enlarged parathyroid glands. Conclusion: The most common pathophysiological diagnosis in hyperparathyroidism was hyperplasia and was most commonly found in the inferior parathyroid glands. Adenoma as pathophysiological diagnosis is also most commonly found in the lower parathyroid glands, but without statistical significance.

Background: The most common patohistological finding in primary hyperparathyroidism is adenoma of the parathyroid gland, followed by hyperplasia and the rarest is carcinoma. However, hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands (PTG) is most commonly found in secondary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the localization of the parathyroid glands and pathological diagnosis, as well as the prevalence of individual pathological diagnosis after surgery in patients with hyperparathyroidism. Methods: Analysis of retrospective-prospective database of 79 patients who underwent parathyreoidectomy for hyperparathyroidism in the 7-year study period. Diagnostic methods were used to identify enlarged parathyroid glands as well as to determine their localization: ultrasound examination, scintigraphy and operative finding. Standard hematoxylin eosin staining was used for pathophysiological diagnosis. A correlation analysis between parathyroid gland localization and pathophysiological diagnosis was performed. Results: The median age of the patients were 51 age (range 20-73) and 67,1% of the patients were female. In the total number of surgically removed parathyroid glands (182), the most common pathophysiological diagnosis was hyperplasia. Parathyroid adenoma was found in 21 cases. Other diagnoses (thyroid nodule / tissue, lymph node, thymus, cancer) were found in 11 cases, while a normal finding was found in 12 glands. Pathophysiological diagnosis of hyperplasia and adenoma were more common in the lower parathyroid glands. Using the chi-square test, no association was found between pathophysiological diagnosis and localization of enlarged parathyroid glands. Conclusion: The most common pathophysiological diagnosis in hyperparathyroidism was hyperplasia and was most commonly found in the inferior parathyroid glands. Adenoma as pathophysiological diagnosis is also most commonly found in the lower parathyroid glands, but without statistical significance.