The purpose of this paper is to comprehend the complex ethical picture of Dostoevsky through his great novels Crime and Punishment, The Idiot, Notes from Underground, and The Brothers Karamazov. Along with the numerous topics that Dostoevsky tackles in his novels, which are directly related to the history of European ethics, his idea of absolute humanism – thymos – remains evident in his entire work. In that sense, this paper will try to provide answers as to how Dostoevsky’s work relates to some great philosophers and their ethical systems, what kind of relationship it has with Christian morality, and finally, how it relates to secular humanist ethics. In order to tackle different and conflicting ideas, this paper will show that Dostoevsky’s opus must be read with the awareness that two opposite views on the same subject do not imply reality decomposition, but a statement about its essence, and obvious truth.

The paper presents a simultaneous numerical analysis of the geometric and material nonlinearity of the beams. It describes a process of determining the bearing capacity of a stratified cross-section of a beam made of homogeneous and isotropic material in linear and nonlinear domains of material behaviour. Material nonlinearity is analysed by the variation of the cross-sectional stiffness of the beam on bending EI in the stiffness matrix of the system obtained according to the first-order theory. Geometric nonlinearity is introduced into the calculation using the geometric stiffness matrix of the system. Numerical examples present an application of the procedure for solving problems of nonlinear structure analysis. The calculation results obtained in accordance with the procedure described in the paper are compared with the results of the SCIA software package.

One of the key topoi in the work of F. M. Dostoevsky is the images of space, which with their impressiveness and intrigue depict the action like it is happening before our very eyes. This way, Dostoevsky brings hypotyposis of space through which, in addition to clear ideas of concrete spaces, we also get his characters vividly depicted. This paper will explore almost the entire opus of Dostoevsky with a synecdoche approach but pars pro toto to demonstrated that hypotyposis is, in fact, one of the key narrative devices of the Russian writer.

Znanost i razvoj inženjerske industrije osnova su razvoja svake zemlje. Sve zemlje su suočene s nedostatkom osoblja u području znanosti, tehnologije, inženjerstva i matematike. Stoga mlade ljude treba poticati na nastavak školovanja u tim područjima. Jedan od načina je integracija STEM nastave u osnovnim i srednjim školama. Bosna i Hercegovina (BiH) uključila se u svjetske tokove i zajedno sa stranim vladinim i nevladinim organizacijama uvela projekt ENABLE – BiH kojem je cilj jačanje STEM područja u nastavi i obrazovanju. Istraživanje za potrebe ovoga rada je provedeno u 9. osnovnoj školi u Brčko distriktu BiH, koja je sudionica u ovom projektu. Istraženo je postojanje razlike u stavovima učenika o STEM nastavi u odnosu na način pohađanja nastave, je li riječ o razrednoj ili predmetnoj nastavi. Korištene su 4 varijable koje su grupirane faktorskom analizom. Analizom je obuhvaćeno 117 učenika koji su ispunili anketni upitnik preko 80 %. Rezultati su pokazali da jedino u varijabli vrijednost STEM nastave postoji značajna statistička razlika između ocjena učenika razredne i predmetne nastave. Rezultati provedenog istraživanja pomoći će u daljnjem razvoju STEM nastave u BiH jer istraživanje pruža temelj za razumijevanje učeničke prihvaćenosti STEM nastave.

Važan element reforme visokoga obrazovanja u skladu s Bolonjskom deklaracijom je izrada kvalifikacijskog okvira koji omogućuje prepoznatljivost i usporedivost kvalifikacija stečenih završetkom svakog od triju ciklusa studiranja. S obzirom na to da je Bosna i Hercegovina od 2003. godine potpisnica Bolonjske deklaracije, u ovom se radu nastojalo otkriti u kojoj mjeri odabrani programi nastavničkih studija na Sveučilištu u Mostaru udovoljavaju implementaciji bolonjskog procesa u Bosni i Hercegovini. Cilj rada bio je utvrditi jesu li kompetencije i ishodi učenja koji se stječu završetkom drugog ciklusa određenih nastavničkih studija Sveučilišta u Mostaru usklađeni s deskriptorima koji opisuju sedmu razinu kvalifikacija u Osnovama kvalifikacijskog okvira u Bosni i Hercegovini, a samim time i s deskriptorima kvalifikacija drugog ciklusa studiranja Kvalifikacijskog okvira europskog prostora visokog obrazovanja. Na temelju provedene kvalitativne analize sadržaja odabranih programa nastavničkih studija Sveučilišta u Mostaru ustvrđeno je da treba uložiti dodatne napore kako bi se postigla veća usklađenost ishoda učenja i kompetencija tih studija s deskriptorima kvalifikacija navedenih u Osnovama kvalifikacijskog okvira u Bosni i Hercegovini.

In lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), the bone marrow naturally produces immature cells. Each year ALL is diagnosed with over 6500 instances, and the trend is still going upward. Technological advancements in AI and big data analytics help doctors and radiologists make accurate and efficient clinical decisions. The proposed method consists of two core steps: segmentation and classification based on the quantum convolutional networks. A three‐dimensional U‐network is proposed having 70 layers that are trained on the optimal hyperparameters, which provides 0.98 dice scores. The four‐qubit quantum transfer learning model is proposed for classifying different types of blood cells. The accuracies achieved are 0.99 on blast cells, 0.99 on Basophils, 0.98 on Eosinophils, 0.97 on Neutrophils, 0.99 on Lymphocytes, and 0.96 on Monocytes. The proposed classification model provides 0.99 average accuracy.

In areas where urban tracks are used as public transportation, dynamic stray currents cause high maintenance costs for the tracks and metal structures near the tracks. S tray currents caused by rail vehicles depend on many factors (traffic density, vehicle speed, acceleration and deceleration, soil and track moisture), so it is very difficult to get a clear picture of the harmfulness of the stray current based on the results of a single field measurement. However, there are several measurement methods that can be used to determine the presence of stray currents and predict appropriate track maintenance actions. Some of these methods are described in this article, namely the use of stray current mapper, measurement of rail potential and rail current, measurement at the stray current collection system, and the use of non-destructive sensors. In track construction, measuring the electrical potential between rail and ground is one of the most common methods of detecting the damaging influence of stray current.

Background: Spinal cord (SC) gray and white matter pathology plays a central role in multiple sclerosis (MS). Objective: We aimed to investigate the extent, pattern, and clinical relevance of SC gray and white matter atrophy in vivo. Methods: 39 relapsing–remitting patients (RRMS), 40 progressive MS patients (PMS), and 24 healthy controls (HC) were imaged at 3T using the averaged magnetization inversion recovery acquisitions sequence. Total and lesional cervical gray and white matter, and posterior (SCPH) and anterior horn (SCAH) areas were automatically quantified. Clinical assessment included the expanded disability status scale, timed 25-foot walk test, nine-hole peg test, and the 12-item MS walking scale. Results: PMS patients had significantly reduced cervical SCAH — but not SCPH — areas compared with HC and RRMS (both p < 0.001). In RRMS and PMS, the cervical SCAH areas increased significantly less in the region of cervical SC enlargement compared with HC (all p < 0.001). This reduction was more pronounced in PMS compared with RRMS (both p < 0.001). In PMS, a lower cervical SCAH area was the most important magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-variable for higher disability scores. Conclusion: MS patients show clinically relevant cervical SCAH atrophy, which is more pronounced in PMS and at the level of cervical SC enlargement.

Background Little is known about transactional sex (TS) (selling and buying sex) among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Sweden, especially among foreign-born MSM. This study aims to assess the prevalence and risk factors of TS (ever and in the previous five years) among MSM living in Sweden and to determine if there is a difference between Swedish-born MSM and foreign-born MSM. Methods Swedish data from a multicountry online banner survey (EMIS-2017) was used (n = 4443). Multivariable regression analysis was applied to analyse the data. Results The prevalence of ever-selling sex among all MSM participants was 13.2% and 5.9% in the previous five years. Selling sex ever and in the previous five years was higher among foreign-born MSM (16% and 8.4%, respectively) than Swedish-born MSM (12.7% and 5.4%, respectively). Among all participants, younger age (aOR:3.19, 95% CI:1.57–6.45) and really struggling to live on current income (aOR:3.37, 95% CI:2.29–4.96) increased the odds of selling sex. Being foreign-born MSM (aOR:1.33, 95% CI:1.02–1.73) and having had sex with a woman in the previous 12 months increased the odds of selling sex (aOR:1.44, 95% CI:1.00–2.07). The prevalence of ever buying sex among MSM participants in Sweden was 10.8% and 6.7% in the previous five years, with the same trend among foreign-born MSM (11.6% and 6.9%, respectively) and Swedish-born MSM (10.7% and 6.6%, respectively). Higher education and not having a current partner increased the odds of buying sex. Younger age was protective for buying sex (aOR:0.05, 95% CI:0.02–0.14). Among the foreign-born MSM, the length of stay in Sweden decreased the odds of buying sex (aOR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.96–0.99). Conclusions The comparatively high prevalence of TS among MSM participants in Sweden, where buying sex is illegal, with a higher prevalence among foreign-born MSM participants, calls for sexual and reproductive health and rights interventions in this population. Increased attention, including HIV prevention programming and education, should be aimed at younger MSM, MSM struggling with their current income, and foreign-born MSM, as they are more likely to report selling sex.

Knowledge and effective knowledge management are critical sources of sustainable competitive advantage. Literature reveals that knowledge management positively impacts the overall company performance. For this reason, many companies strive to improve their knowledge management capabilities to enhance their organizational performance. Many studies have confirmed the direct positive influence that knowledge management resources and capabilities can have on corporate financial performance. This paper’s research focuses on evaluating the impact of knowledge management capability on the financial performance of a company sample from Bosnia and Herzegovina in sectors with high levels of knowledge. Research findings revealed a positive relationship between knowledge management capabilities and financial performance, specifically between knowledge creation and application and the financial performance of companies.

Many fuzzy concepts have been researched and described with uncertain information. Collecting data under uncertain information is a difficult task, especially when there is a difference between the opinions of experts. To deal with such situations, different types of operators have been introduced. This paper aims to develop the Maclaurin symmetric mean (MSM) operator for the information in the shape of the interval-valued spherical fuzzy set (IVSFS). In this article, a family of aggregation operators (AOs) is proposed which consists of interval valued spherical fuzzy Maclaurin symmetric mean operator (IVSFMSM), interval valued spherical fuzzy weighted Maclaurin symmetric mean (IVSFWMSM), interval valued spherical fuzzy dual Maclaurin symmetric mean (IVSFDMSM), and interval valued spherical fuzzy dual weighted Maclaurin symmetric mean (IVSFDWMSM) operators. In this paper, we studied an elucidative example to discuss the evaluation of multi-national companies for the application of the proposed operator. Then the obtained results from the proposed operators are compared. The results obtained are graphed and tabulated for a better understanding.

The circumstantial clause (al-ǧumla al-ḥāliyya) is one of the syntactic structures in Arabic that received due attention in Arabic grammatical description throughout the time span from the era of classical Arabic until the present day. Various forms of the circumstantial clause were therein described, including its syndetic and asyndetic, nominal and verbal form, the form it takes depending on the time of events in the main clause and the circumstantial clause, as well as the relationship between the circumstantial clause and the circumstantial accusative as its non-finite equivalent. Still, in the extensive and widespread description of the circumstantial clause, fully justified by its frequent use in Arabic, the syntactic functions of this clause are mentioned only rarely and sporadically, lacking a systematic analysis. Therefore, the main goal of this paper is the analysis of various syntactic functions that circumstantial clauses can take in the Arabic complex sentence. Such an analysis shows that this syntactic category, special in so many ways, whose subordinating conjunction is at the same time the most frequent coordinating conjunction in Arabic, covers a wide spectrum of syntactic functions in Arabic clauses, from verb phrase modifiers to noun phrase modifiers and, although less frequently and with limited distribution, to verb phrase complements. Such a wealth of syntactic functions certainly deserves to be a subject of a systematic description.

Some of the main characteristics of the centralised Ottoman system of education are the unitary basic curriculum, determined medrese categorisation and clearly defined the way of muderrises promotion. This paper aims to present the curriculum of the Ottoman medreses in the classical age (1470–1839) that is based on primary sources: laws passed by the Ottoman sultans Mehmed II The Conqueror (1451–1481) and Suleiman The Magnificent (1520–1566). The scientific autobiography of the Ottoman scholar Ahmad Tashköprüzade and the official report from 1741 for the French embassy are discussed in this paper. The analysis of the teaching methods, representation of some sciences in the curriculum, and contents of some textbooks are also presented.

The aim of this research was to examine the connection of body mass index of eighth grade students and their results in motor abilities test, with the purpose of gaining insight in which tests is that connection more or less expressed, or there isn’t any. The sample of subjects consisted of 66 male and 64 female students from four elementary schools from the Varaždin city area, who attended eighth grade in the school year of 2018/2019 For data analysis, the results of the final testing of motor abilities were used. The sample of variables consisted of six motor tests and two anthropometrical measures, student’s age and their body mass index. For all 10 variables the basic descriptive parameters were calculated (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum), both for female and male students. Further data processing was done by linear regression analysis – 6 x regression analysis for each motor ability. The results of the regression analysis in male students showed statistically significant connection of body mass index and four variables (standing long jump, shuttle run with carrying objects, sit and reach and pull-up hold), while in female students the connection was significant only in two variables (standing long jump and pull-up hold). Overweight and obesity of children and adolescents is a growing phenomenon all over the world. Motor abilities are an important indicator of physical activity and one of the possible indicators of the level of fitness. Overweight and obesity, as well as underweight, negatively influence the condition and development of motor abilities, and the role of Physical education classes are of great importance in prevention and promotion of healthy living habits of students.