ABSTRACT Scholarship on diaspora political engagement is unfolding in novel ways exploring the participation of second-generation diaspora individuals and engagement patters of authoritarian and hybrid regimes. Focusing on the unique role of diaspora politicians, I contend that these individuals adeptly leverage their identity to impact politics and advocate for change. The article demonstrates their adaptability in different settings and evolving advocacy strategies. The article employs a multilingual analysis of social media, public interviews, and public appearances in Germany and Bosnia and Herzegovina using an exploratory case study of a German-Bosnian politician. This exploration underscores their flexibility and evolving advocacy dynamics. Furthermore, it illustrates the way these politicians enhance their profiles within the countries where they’ve been elected and in countries of their descent. This serves to strengthen their chances of re-election on one hand while also drawing attention to authoritarian tendencies, potentially clearing a path for democratic advancement on the other.

The modular product $G\diamond H$ of graphs $G$ and $H$ is a graph on vertex set $V(G)\times V(H)$. Two vertices $(g,h)$ and $(g^{\prime},h^{\prime})$ of $G\diamond H$ are adjacent if $g=g^{\prime}$ and $hh^{\prime}\in E(H)$, or $gg^{\prime}\in E(G)$ and $h=h^{\prime}$, or $gg^{\prime}\in E(G)$ and $hh^{\prime}\in E(H)$, or (for $g\neq g^{\prime}$ and $h\neq h^{\prime}$) $gg^{\prime}\notin E(G)$ and $hh^{\prime}\notin E(H)$. A set $D\subseteq V(G)$ is a dominating set of $G$ if every vertex outside of $D$ contains a neighbor in $D$. A set $D\subseteq V(G)$ is a total dominating set of $G$ if every vertex of $G$ contains a neighbor in $D$. The domination number $\gamma(G)$ (resp. total domination number $\gamma_{t}(G)$) of $G$ is the minimum cardinality of a dominating set (resp. total dominating set) of $G$. In this work we give several upper and lower bounds for $\gamma(G\diamond H)$ in terms of $\gamma(G),$ $\gamma(H)$, $\gamma_{t}(\overline{G})$ and $\gamma _{t}(\overline{H})$, where $\overline{G}$ is the complement graph of $G$. Further, we fully describe graphs where $\gamma(G\diamond H)=k$ for $k\in\{1,2,3\}$. Several conditions on $G$ and $H$ under which $\gamma (G\diamond H)$ is at most $4$ and $5$ are also given. A new type of simultaneous domination $\bar{\gamma}(G)$, defined as the smallest number of vertices that dominates $G$ and totally dominates the complement of $G,$ emerged as useful and we believe it could be of independent interest. We conclude the paper by proposing few directions for possible further research.

The auditory brainstem response (ABR) is a measure of subcortical activity in response to auditory stimuli. The wave V peak of the ABR depends on stimulus intensity level, and has been widely used for clinical hearing assessment. Conventional methods to estimate the ABR average electroencephalography (EEG) responses to short unnatural stimuli such as clicks. Recent work has moved towards more ecologically relevant continuous speech stimuli using linear deconvolution models called Temporal Response Functions (TRFs). Investigating whether the TRF waveform changes with stimulus intensity is a crucial step towards the use of natural speech stimuli for hearing assessments involving subcortical responses. Here, we develop methods to estimate level-dependent subcortical TRFs using EEG data collected from 21 participants listening to continuous speech presented at 4 different intensity levels. We find that level-dependent changes can be detected in the wave V peak of the subcortical TRF for almost all participants, and are consistent with level-dependent changes in click-ABR wave V. We also investigate the most suitable peripheral auditory model to generate predictors for level-dependent subcortical TRFs and find that simple gammatone filterbanks perform the best. Additionally, around 6 minutes of data may be sufficient for detecting level-dependent effects and wave V peaks above the noise floor for speech segments with higher intensity. Finally, we show a proof-of-concept that level dependent subcortical TRFs can be detected even for the inherent intensity fluctuations in natural continuous speech. Visual abstract Significance statement Subcortical EEG responses to sound depend on the stimulus intensity level and provide a window into the early human auditory pathway. However, current methods detect responses using unnatural transient stimuli such as clicks or chirps. We develop methods for detecting level-dependent responses to continuous speech stimuli, which is more ecologically relevant and may provide several advantages over transient stimuli. Critically, we find consistent patterns of level dependent subcortical responses to continuous speech at an individual level, that are directly comparable to those seen for conventional responses to click stimuli. Our work lays the foundation for the use of subcortical responses to natural speech stimuli in future applications such as clinical hearing assessment and hearing assistive technology.

In order to ensure the long-term sustainability of the conservation process of Norwegian plum germplasm, as well as to enhance the possibility of its utilization, a central plum heritage cultivar collection was established in 2020. In this study, 40 plum accessions maintained at the Ullensvang plum heritage cultivar collection were genetically characterized using a set of nine microsatellite markers recently approved by the ECPGR Prunus working group. The obtained molecular data were used to investigate the genetic identity, diversity, and structure among the analyzed accessions. No redundancies were detected among the plum accessions, which is in stark contrast to the previous molecular study on plum samples collected through an on-farm inventory of Southern Norway. Furthermore, the obtained data indicate that the Ullensvang collection contains a significant genetic diversity of Norwegian plum germplasm, previously held in decentralized sites. With that in mind, this collection can certainly be considered for the role of the National Clonal Plum Germplasm Repository. The nine microsatellite markers, recommended by ECPGR, revealed a genetic structure not entirely tied to previously proposed pomological groups, possibly indicating a history of hybridization among members of the various groups.

Introduction Cerebrovascular insult (CVI) in patients with psychiatric diseases is to a large extent more prevalent and is accompanied by a worse prognosis after a incident. Despite the higher mortality, these patients are less frequently subjected to CT angiography and interventional intervention on the blood vessels of the brain. Objectives To show the frequency of cerebrovascular insults in patients with schizophrenia (SCH), bipolar affective disorder (BP), and depression, depending on age, gender, socioeconomic characteristics, professional qualifications, and dietary habits. Methods A total of 1200 patients with SCH, BD and depression were treated over a period of five years. Results 11.1% SCH patients had CVI and 3,7% a cases of bipolar afective diseases. CVI was most often experienced by patients who were married, employed, or retired, and who lived in urban areas. Smoking, elevated blood pressure values, elevated BMI do not have a significant impact on the occurrence of CVI in all groups. Patients with elevated values of glucose, total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol and CRP had a higher incidence of cerebrovascular insult. Conclusions It is necessary to work on raising the awareness of people suffering from psychiatric diseases regarding lifestyle and eating habits, and to conduct periodic health examinations. It is important to recognize high-risk patients and educate them about preventive measures. Disclosure of Interest None Declared

Introduction The introduction of antipsychotics, especialy of newer generation, greatly a”ects the e”ectiveness of the psychiatric treatment of patients with schizophrenia (SCH) and bipolar disorder (BP). Patients su”ering from SCH and BP often have metabolic syndrome (MetSy), as a result of taking antipsychotic therapy, especially in patients with abdominal obesity, there is an atherogenic fat profile that carries a high risk for the development of dyslipidemia. Objectives To investigate frequency and di”erences of somatic diseases in patients with SCH and BD depending on the presence of MetSy. Methods This five-year prospective study was conducted in the Psychiatric Hospital of Canton Sarajevo. We followed 135 patients with SCH and 135 patients with BD, aged 30 to 69 years, who were treated with antipsychotics for five years. Results Dyslipidemia was significantly more common in SCH patients (73.3%), compared to BD (54.1%) and was dominantly presented in women (61.4%). The frequency of dyslipidemia increased with the age of the patient. Associated risk factors in patients with SCH diagnosed with dyslipidemia were 73.5% smokers, 78.7% hypertensive patients, 69.7% patients with elevated BMI and 83.0% with elevated blood glucose values, while slightly lower values were recorded patients with BP. 97.8% of patients with dyslipidemia had elevated CRP. Conclusions There are significant di”erences in dyslipidemia in patients su”ering from SCH and BP. Adequate knowledge of the antipsychotic drugs is required in order to provide adequate psychiatric treatment, regarding minimalising adverse e”ects of antipsychotics will be reduced to a minimum. It is important to recognize high-risk patients and educate them about preventive measures. Disclosure of Interest None Declared

In today's world, many companies have employees from different countries, and they work together as virtual teams using technology. The leaders of these teams need to know how to manage their teams well, understand their unique skills and overcome challenges. Accordingly, we want to study the specific leadership style and its effects on virtual teams' success. Data for the study was collected from various companies that have online activities. Team members participated in surveys, providing information on how their leaders effectively motivated them to be productive and satisfied in their jobs. Additionally, the surveys examined team members' knowledge-sharing levels in their leaders and organizations. Based on the analyses, we found that transformational leadership positively affects virtual team performance but not knowledge sharing; however, knowledge sharing positively improves team performance.

SUMMARY Inflammation, axonal loss and demyelinating plaques in the brain, which are the background of multiple sclerosis, very often cause changes in speech or dysarthria, in a range from mild to so severe that they impair comprehension of speech by the interlocutor. As a consequence of multiple sclerosis, dysphagia can also occur. The aim of this paper is to present the speech and swallowing difficulties that result from multiple sclerosis, and the importance of assessing the speech and swallowing in people with multiple sclerosis. This article is descriptive and provides a comprehensive overview of the literature dealing with this topic. Speech difficulties impede daily functioning and are often the first sign that other people notice. Swallowing difficulties not only complicate daily life but, if not given sufficient attention, are a possible life-threatening consequence of multiple sclerosis. Assessment of speech and swallowing difficulties should be part of the clinical assessment in each person with multiple sclerosis. As multiple sclerosis progresses, so do speech and swallowing difficulties, and it is of utmost importance to provide appropriate treatment that can alleviate these difficulties. Speech-language pathologists should be part of a team making the diagnosis and providing treatment for a person with multiple sclerosis.

SUMMARY The municipality of Bogatić, part of Mačva District, belongs to the Pannonian Basin, where high concentrations of arsenic in artesian wells were detected. Numerous epidemiological studies have confirmed the association of exposure to arsenic in drinking water and bladder cancer (C67). This retrospective ten-year analysis included age-standardized incidence rates (ASRs) and age-specific incidence rates of C67 in the municipality of Bogatić and rural municipalities of Mačva District. The concentration of arsenic in drinking water was determined at Šabac Public Health Institute (PHI) laboratories in 2015. ASRs were estimated using data from regional cancer registries at Šabac PHI and compared by use of the Mann-Whitney U test. Control population was recruited from an area where there were no artesian wells or hydrogeological conditions that would indicate elevated concentrations of arsenic in drinking water. Arsenic levels in all artesian wells in Bogatić municipality were 1.4 to 41 times higher than the maximum permissible concentration (mean 120 µg/L±165). Female subjects from Bogatić municipality had higher ASRs of C67 compared with the populations in rural municipalities of Mačva District (p<0.01), while the incidence of bladder cancer was by 13% greater than that in central Serbia (standardized incidence ratio, 113; 95% CI 96.97-131.35). Male subjects from Bogatić municipality had higher ASRs of C67 but the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Our analyses suggested that exposure to arsenic in drinking water could triple the risk of bladder cancer. These results support the conclusions of previous studies that there may be an association between higher concentrations of arsenic in drinking water and higher ASRs of bladder cancer in both male and female subjects.

SUMMARY Here we report a case of a 5-year-old boy with Ebstein anomaly and supraventricular tachycardia. He was diagnosed with Ebstein anomaly at the age of 3 months during the workup for afebrile convulsions, and has been followed by a pediatric cardiologist since. Electrocardiography recorded a small Rr` pattern in V1 on a few occasions, without other abnormalities. At the age of 2.5 years, the first episode of supraventricular tachycardia was recorded and stopped with adenosine. He was started on atenolol and was asymptomatic until a year later when he presented with the second recorded supraventricular tachycardia. He was referred to our institution for an electrophysiology study with ablation. Tachycardia was entrained and all the maneuvers were in accordance with atrioventricular reentry tachycardia. Tricuspid annulus was mapped during tachycardia. The earliest atrial signals appeared in the posteroseptal region of the valve, mechanical blocking of the tachycardia was recorded in that region, and early fractionated signal was present during ventricular retrograde pacing. The pathway was successfully ablated. Basal electrocardiogram was without change after ablation and the patient did not experience recurrence of tachycardia during follow-up. This case shows the efficacy and importance of ablation in Ebstein anomaly, without x-ray or intracardiac echocardiography.

SUMMARY Regular physical activity and maintaining fitness reduce the risk of chronic cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, reduce the risk of exacerbation of existing diseases, maintain physical and mental health, and contribute to healthy and successful aging in the elderly. It is of particular importance during the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this review is to present relevant knowledge about the effects of restrictions and social distancing established with the aim of suppressing the COVID-19 pandemic, on physical activity and mental health of elderly people. During the pandemic, numerous authors have reported a decrease in the share of physically active population and those that used to exercise regularly. The time spent in activity decreases, energy expenditure decreases, and the time spent sedentary increases although the results in all segments related to physical activity are not consistent. Lockdown measures significantly worsen insomnia, sleep quality, feelings of loneliness, anxiety and depression in older people, especially in women. During the restrictive measures caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, physical activity and exercise significantly contribute to the maintenance and improvement of physical and mental health.