Introduction: Fear of intervention in the oral cavity is declared as dental fear and is defined as a specific form of anxiety. The reaction to oral-surgical intervention will also depend on the feeling the patient acquires about the operator, but the positive experience also plays an important role.Aim: The aim is to evaluate differences between the sexes and the influence of experience from a previous oral surgical intervention on a similar subsequent intervention.Material and methods: In the research, anxiety was assessed using Corah's Dental Anxiety Scale (DASR) and Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (X1 and X2). The study included adult patients of both sexes with an indication for surgical extraction of impacted third permanent molars. Preoperative and postoperative anxiety was assessed: 1st measurement (day of examination) - DASR, and STAI (X1 and X2); 2nd measurement (immediately before the intervention) – STAI (X1 and X2); 3rd measurement (day after the intervention) – STAI (X1 and X2).Results: Preoperatively determined high levels of general, immediate, and dental anxiety decreased before the surgical procedure itself and were significantly reduced in the postoperative period. The downward trend continued in line with the positive experience. Women had higher anxiety scores than men for all monitored parameters. The use of the STAI scales to assess anxiety by dental practitioners is on par with other well-known anxiety assessment instruments, such as the DASR. Conclusion: In order to increase patient satisfaction and to prevent possible complications in such oral-surgical procedures, it would be useful to consider adequate therapy for high anxiety.

This review paper explores the use of miswak, a teeth-cleaning twig made from the Salvadora persica plant, in maintaining oral hygiene and preventing oral diseases. Various aspects of miswak are analyzed, including its historical significance, chemical composition, pharmacological characteristics, and beneficial effects on oral health. The paper also investigates the Islamic perspective on oral hygiene and the use of miswak, as well as the socio-medical aspect of oral disease prevention. While there are studies that point out potential drawbacks of miswak usage, proper application and combination with conventional oral hygiene methods can result in good oral health. Considering its cost-effectiveness and the need for affordable oral hygiene methods, further research on the use of miswak is valuable and necessary. This paper provides an overview of modern and relevant scientific literature on miswak and its significance in maintaining oral health, highlighting its journey from tradition to paradigm. Keywords: miswak, oral health, social medicine.

The inclusion of children with developmental disabilities in the regular educational system is a process that is being developed and perfected. Accepting diversity and understanding the difference cannot be changed in a short time. It is an ongoing process, and it takes a lot of effort and time to achieve good results. When all actors of the inclusive process have similar views on inclusion, then we will be able to talk about acceptance, understanding and its successful implementation. Informing and educating students, teachers, and parents of children without disabilities is a good basis for developing inclusion and an inclusive society. Within the project "Educational - rehabilitation support for children with disabilities in inclusion", members of the Association for Support of Children with Developmental Disabilities "LALA" carried out workshops and lectures for students, parents and teachers. The goal of the project was to provide support to children with developmental disabilities, parents of children with developmental disabilities, as well as teachers in order to make the educational process as successful as possible for all actors of the inclusive process. After the workshops and lectures, we examined the views of parents of children with developmental disabilities and educators about inclusion and the challenges they most often face. The results of the research showed that both sides share the opinion that it is necessary to permanently work on information, education and communication between all actors of the inclusive process of upbringing and education with the aim of building an inclusive society.

There is a generally accepted opinion that young people, born in the era of intensive use of ICT and the Internet, are much better at handling new technologies and using Internet resources than older generations. In support of this claim, it is stated that different digital technologies and the Internet have been a natural environment for these generations since birth. This paper aims to check to what extent the above statements apply to University of Mostar (SUM) students. For this purpose, the authors researched SUM students to determine how they self-assess their knowledge and use of Internet resources. On the other hand, it was necessary to use Internet resources to pass exams in certain subjects. In this paper, the authors compared the results obtained by surveying students with actual exam results. The results of the research suggest that the students have relatively good knowledge and coping skills with the tasks they solve within the individual courses of their studies. However, Insufficient mastery of the Internet and its information is indicated by lower ratings of the ability to evaluate found materials and ratings of the ability to use the advanced functions of the Google search engine.

Created in the 7th century, Uzrit love poetry or desert love poetry is inspired by love. It is named after the tribe to which poet Džemil (Ğamīl), one of the most famous love poets, belonged. In these poems, a lover spends his whole life in longing and absence, yearning for his beloved one. At the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century, European romanticists sang and composed songs following, among others, Uzrit poets. Thus, Heinrich Heine sang the song Der Azra, writing down the Arab tradition of the Banu ʻUzra (Banū ʻUḏra) tribe that "for love lose their heads and die when they kiss". Hajne also influenced romanticists, such as Bašagić and Kostić. We can assume that Bašagić was directly influenced by the Arab love poetry of the desert because he knew the Arabic language, studied at university, and translated numerous poems from the Arabic language. However, when it comes to Kostić, the influence was indirect. A factor that should not be excluded from the research on the influence of Uzrit love, as a phenomenon, on romanticism, but also on the entire literature of the Balkan peoples, is folk poetry, which is filled with motifs from the East, and especially the Uzrit understanding of love. We witness the unavoidable influence of numerous folk songs, which later grew into songs sung with musical instruments, sevdalinkas, which the poets of the Balkans, regardless of national-confessional affiliation were exposed to. That folk lyric sang about exactly what Uzrit poetry sang about and it often drew its motifs from the Uzrit understanding of love. Keywords: comparative literature, Uzrit poetry, romanticism, Safvet-beg Bašagić, Laza Kostić

Context: Evaluation of visual quality in soft and rigid gas-permeable contact lens wearers, with an emphasis on twilight vision. Purpose: To assess the visual acuity and visual performance at dusk before and after soft and rigid gas-permeable contact lens (CL) correction in healthy subjects. Settings and Design: This prospective study was conducted in a tertiary eye-care center. Methods: Sixty eyes corrected with soft contact lenses (SCLs) and 30 eyes with rigid gas-permeable contact lenses (RGPCLs) were enrolled in this study. Patients underwent corrected distance visual acuity with spectacles (CDVAs), corrected distance visual acuity with contact lenses (CDVAcl), and twilight vision (TV) testing (Vista Vision Far-Pola, DMD MedTech charts). Parameters were evaluated before and after the CL fitting and repeated 3 months after the baseline visit. Statistical Analysis Used: MedCalc for Windows, version 11.4 (MedCalc Software, Ostend, Belgium). Results: Rigid gas-permeable CL wear showed significant improvement in CDVAcl compared to wearing spectacles on both visits (P = 0.0039 and P = 0.0003, respectively). TV with CLs was significantly better in both groups compared to the TV with spectacles at the baseline visit (P = 0.0011 in SCL group; P = 0.0001 in RGPCL group), and at the follow-up visit, this significance was proven for the RGPCL group (P = 0.001). Also, spectacle TV showed a significant improvement on the follow-up visit (P = 0.0022 in SCL group; P = 0.0269 in RGPCL group). Conclusion: Contact lens wear improves visual performance compared to spectacles. TV results showed superiority of CLs compared to the spectacles, without a statistical difference regarding the CL type.

Europski ariš (Larix decidua Mill.) pokazao je vrlo dobar rast i prilagodljivost ekološkim uvjetima u Bosni i Hercegovini. Cilj istraživanja je utvrditi varijabilnost morfoloških svojstava ariša na pokusnoj površini kod Kaknja, te varijabilnosti u početku osržavanja, kao i postojanje korelacija između ovih svojstava. U sjemenskoj sastojini ariša, osnovanoj sadnicama starosti 2+0 1979. godine, napravljena je trajna pokusna površina od 0,45 hektara i na njoj mjerene su visine i promjeri stabala 2002. i 2020. godine, te izračunate temeljnica i volumen. Stabla su 2020. godine bušena na prsnoj visini Preslerovim svrdlom kako bi se odredio udio osrženosti. Izračunate su prosječne vrijednosti svih svojstava. Zatim je odabrano po deset, pet i jedno najbolje stablo po svojstvima promjera, visine, temeljnice, volumena i izračunate razlike između prosječnih vrijednosti za deset stabala i ukupnog prosjeka, prosjeka za pet stabala i ukupnog prosjeka, te razlike između maksimalnih i prosječnih vrijednosti za istraživana svojstva. Također je izračunavat Pearsonov koeficijent korelacije između svih istraživanih svojstava. Prosječan promjer stabala starih 41 godinu bio je 24,6 cm, prosječna visina 21,8 m. Rezultati istraživanja osrženosti su pokazali da ariš prosječno počinje osržavati pri starosti od 14 godina. Pearsonov koeficijent korelacije za 2020. godinu pokazuje da postoji negativna korelacija između početka osržavanja prema svim ostalim svojstvima, odnosno stabla koja ranije osržavaju imaju veće vrijednosti svojstava rasta. Rezultati će biti korišteni u procesima individualne selekcije ariša sa dobrim visinskim i debljinskim prirastom i ranim osržavanjem.

For many years, cargo traffic was marred by inefficiency, slow work systems, extensive paperwork and inaccuracies in the supply chain and transportation to the final destination. Processes within the chain itself entailed slow work, which resulted in large deviations in terms of transport and delivery time to the end user. To overcome these shortcomings and improve cargo traffic, the focus of the work will be on the application of innovative technologies in cargo traffic, the analysis of the application and the advantages it provides. A special aspect of the work is the analysis of cargo traffic in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the application of innovative technologies in its area.

<p style="text-align: justify;">Gazelles represent fast-growing companies that significantly contribute to company growth and creation of new jobs. Different definitions of gazelles and criteria for their categorization are mentioned in the literature. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that definitional differences and conceptual understanding of gazelles, as well as the criteria for classifying them, significantly affect the number of companies that can be categorized as "fast-growing". This paper analyses companies from Bosnia and Herzegovina and reveals significant deviations in the number and sector of companies that may be considered fast-growing. The deviations depend on the period of company observation (three-year vs. five-year period), as well as the applied criteria (income growth vs. increase in the number of employees). Likewise, the application of different definitions of growth, different criteria for measuring company growth, different indicators (relative vs. absolute) as well as different time frames significantly affect the interpretation of growth. The argument argues that such instances significantly affect the categorization and registration of companies that may or may not be considered fast-growing. Our research also confirms that workplace generators are precisely those firms whose expansive growth lasts beyond the initial three years but once they operate beyond four or more years, their power to generate jobs decreases significantly. The results of this analysis also indicate that in Bosnia and Herzegovina, fast-growing companies are, to a certain extent, new job generators.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>JEL:</strong> M13, M21, L25</p>

The COVID-19 outbreak forced many changes in education, including teaching techniques, teacher-student interactions, materials, and assessment practices. The present study aims to uncover students' opinions on the types of exams they took, their evaluation of the testing/ assessment practices they experienced, whether online learning influenced the way they prepared for the exams, whether they would like to keep the testing/assessment practices in the new normal and how they evaluate the teacher's role as an assessor. The data for the study were collected in Türkiye (TUR), the Republic of North Macedonia (RNM), Poland (POL), and Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) using cross-culturally valid questionnaires including items asking students to evaluate the teaching, assessment, and interaction skills of their teachers during the first "emergency online teaching semester". Both closed- and open-ended items were included in the data collection tools. Responses to the items in the questionnaires were analysed quantitatively, keeping in mind country and context-specific peculiarities. The study results show similarities in the ways students were evaluated and their perceptions of evaluation procedures during the COVID-19 period, as well as contextual differences in the four countries.

A shift from a paradigm focused on content and a teacher as a transmitter of that content, to a paradigm focused on learning outcomes or competence, has been conditioned by a change in considering humans as active participants in their own life, for which the efforts of psychology in presenting self-regulation as a mechanism of assuming an active role in one’s own life are significant (Bandura, 1991). The principles of this paradigm are noticeable in many other considerations, e.g., in sociology - biography of life courses/outcomes, in humanities and helping professions - orientation towards providing support with the aim of self-help. It is precisely the Competency Passport as a tool in counseling work that seeks to identify individual competencies, but not only those acquired through formal education, but we can say overall competencies acquired in one’s life constellations. By a theoretical analysis and synthesis, this paper aims to offer a framework for a well-founded role of social pedagogues as lifelong learning facilitators in socio-pedagogical interventions through the perspective of the Competency Passport. Keywords: competency passport, social pedagogues as lifelong learning facilitators

S obzirom na sve veći nedostatak šumskih radnika i zbog toga na otežano ostvarivanje plana sječe neizbježno je da šumarska poduzeća razmatraju, među ostalim, mogućnosti uporabe suvremenih strojeva u tehnološkom procesu sječe stabala i izrade drvnih sortimenata i forvardera u fazi izvoženja drva. Primjena te tehnologije rada u šumarstvu BiH nameće i potrebu istraživanja njezina utjecaja na šumski ekosustav. Stoga se u ovom radu prikazuju rezultati oštećivanja preostalih stabala u sastojini pri primjeni djelomično i potpuno mehaniziranoga sustava pridobivanja drva. Istraživanje je provedeno na području kojim gospodari Šumsko privredno društvo »Unsko-sanske šume« d.o.o. Bosanska Krupa, u Podružnici šumarija Ključ. U dva šumska odjela postavljena je mreža dimenzija 200 × 200 m i ogledne plohe u obliku kruga polumjera 25 m i površine 0,19625 ha. Analizirana su sva oštećena preostala stabla na oglednim plohama prsnoga promjera iznad 5 cm i snimljeni ovi podaci: vrsta drveća, prsni promjer, vrsta oštećenja, mjesto oštećenja i veličina oštećenja. U jednom analiziranom šumskom odjelu primijenjeni su ručno-strojna sječa i izrada motornim pilama te forvarder, skider s vitlom i samarica za privlačenje drva – djelomično mehanizirani sustav pridobivanja drva. U drugom šumskom odjelu primijenjen je harvester za sječu stabala i izradu šumskih drvnih sortimenata ili samo za izradu šumskih drvnih sortimenata od stabala posječenih motornom pilom (udaljenija stabla od puta i stabla velikih promjera), te forvarder za privlačenje (izvoženje) drva – uvjetno određeno kao potpuno mehanizirani sustav pridobivanja drva (sustav harvester i forvarder). Primjena harvestera i forvardera u tehnološkom procesu pridobivanja drva uzrokovala je oštećenja na 13,21 % preostalih stabala u analiziranom šumskom odjelu koji obuhvaća visoke šume s prirodnom obnovom i šumske kulture. Analiza prikupljenih podataka pokazala je da ne postoje statistički značajne razlike u udjelu oštećenih stabala tijekom primjene promatranih sustava pridobivanja drva u visokim šumama s prirodnom obnovom (χ2 p = 0,1005). Najčešća vrsta oštećenja u oba slučaja je »oguljena kora i oštećeno drvo«. Najveći je broj oštećenja zabilježen na žilištu i pridanku kod djelomično mehaniziranoga sustava pridobivanja drva, odnosno na deblu i pridanku kod potpuno mehaniziranoga sustava pridobivanja drva. Radi dobivanja pouzdanijih rezultata potrebno je nastaviti sa sličnim istraživanjima kojima bi se obuhvatio veći broj utjecajnih čimbenika.

The role of wireless communications in various domains of intelligent transportation systems is significant; it is evident that dependable message exchange between nodes (cars, bikes, pedestrians, infrastructure, etc.) has to be guaranteed to fulfill the stringent requirements for future transportation systems. A precise site-specific digital twin is seen as a key enabler for the cost-effective development and validation of future vehicular communication systems. Furthermore, achieving a realistic digital twin for dependable wireless communications requires accurate measurement, modeling, and emulation of wireless communication channels. However, contemporary approaches in these domains are not efficient enough to satisfy the foreseen needs. In this position paper, we overview the current solutions, indicate their limitations, and discuss the most prospective paths for future investigation.