AIM Despite advancements in the diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), morbidity and mortality following ACS remain high. The aim of this study was to actively seek possible predictors of adverse outcomes after ACS aiming to identify high-risk patients promptly. METHODS This retrospective cohort study investigated patients with ACS hospitalized at Clinical Centre of the University of Sarajevo from 2019 to 2021. Patients were followed up for a period of 12 months post-discharge to assess major cardiovascular events (MACE) and MACE associated independent predictors. RESULTS The study included 121 patients, mostly male 102 (84.3%), with a mean age of 60.83±12.61 years; prevalent risk factors were hypertension 94 (77.7%), dyslipidaemia 84 (69.4%), diabetes mellitus 91 (75.2%), active smoking 67 (55.4%) and positive family history of cardiovascular diseases 81 (66.9%). MACE occurred in 33 (27.3%) patients since the initial ACS, and those patients were older (p=0.012), had higher level of creatinine (p<0.001), lower ejection fraction at discharge (p<0.001) and larger left atrial diameter (p=0.032). Serum creatinine (OR=1.014, 95% CI 1,003-1,026, p=0.017) and ejection fraction (OR=0.924, 95% CI 0,869-0,984, p=0.013) were independent predictors associated with a 12-month follow up MACE following ACS. CONCLUSION Monitoring of serum creatinine level, left atrial diameter, and ejection fraction post-acute coronary syndrome as potential indicators of future MACE within a 12-month follow-up period is of great importance. These findings emphasize the need for tailored management strategies to mitigate risks in this patient population.

AIM To investigate an influence of age and body mass index (BMI) as determinants of infertility treatment success in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedures confirmed so far, on the amount of Lactobacilus spp. (LS) and Gardnerella vaginalis (GV) in the endometrium in fresh IVF cycles at the time of embryo transfer. METHODS This a prospective single-centre study included patients who underwent fresh embryo transfer (ET) in a private IVF Centre. A catheter tip for embryo transfer was used for collecting samples from the endometrial cavity. Real time polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR) was used to determine LS and GV quantity. Patients were divided into two age groups: <35 years and ≥ 35 years. Normal BMI group included patients with 18.-24.9 kg/m2, and the increased BMI group patients with BMI ≥ 25kg/m2. RESULTS Tips for embryo transfer catheters were positive on LS in 55 (96.4%) patients. The median of quantification cycle of RT-PCR (Cq RT-PCR) for LS was 33, and 31 for the younger and older groups, respectively. Twenty-one (36.8%) patients tested positive for GV. The median of Cq RT-PCR for GV was 33 and 34 for the younger and older groups, respectively. There were 36 patients with normal and 18 with increased BMI. BMI showed no correlation with LS amount in the endometrial cavity. CONCLUSION Aging affects the endometrial microbiome resulting in an increase of Lactobacillus number, but not the number of GV.

A blend of creatine nitrate and creatinine has demonstrated promising bioavailability; however, prior studies have not thoroughly examined its pharmacokinetics and safety profiles, particularly its impact on kidney stress indicators, such as serum cystatin C. This study aimed to assess the effects of varying doses of creatine nitrate-creatinine intervention on pharmacokinetics and safety in healthy humans. Ten young adults (mean age 26.1 ± 5.0 years; 5 females) volunteered for this double-blind, crossover, randomized controlled trial. The participants were randomly assigned to receive either a low-dose creatine nitrate-creatinine mixture (CN-CRN-Low; 1.5 g of creatine nitrate and 1.5 g of creatinine), a high-dose creatine nitrate-creatinine mixture (CN-CRN-High; 3 g of creatine nitrate and 3 g of creatinine), or 1.5 g of creatine nitrate (CONTROL) in both a single-dose pharmacokinetics experiment, and a 14-day safety trial. Both CN-CRN-Low and CN-CRN-High interventions displayed increased volume of distribution and total clearance compared to the CONTROL intervention (P < 0.05) in a single-dose pharmacokinetics experiment. Additionally, the CN-CRN-High intervention showed significantly higher creatine maximum serum concentrations compared to the other interventions (P < 0.05). Serum cystatin C levels remained unchanged across all interventions (P = 0.65), with no participants experiencing abnormal cystatin C concentrations or major changes in other safety biomarkers. The present study demonstrates dose-specific utilization of creatine nitrate-creatinine intervention, with the mixture induced no kidney damage. Further studies are needed to explore the potential functional and performance benefits of creatine nitrate-creatinine supplementation in diverse clinical and athletic cohorts.

In this paper, the authors focused on the concept, that is, the objective-subjective conception of the criminal offense of possession and enabling the enjoyment of narcotic drugs in the criminal law of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a special emphasis on the detection and proof of this criminal offense. When considering the definition of the concept and abuse of narcotic drugs, the general social context was taken into account in order to properly understand the criminal law (substantive) and criminal procedural nature of this incrimination. In the criminal law (substantive) context, this criminal offense is specific for the reason that the legislator prescribed the actions of incitement and assistance, which are, by their nature, the actions of complicity, in this case, that is, in the case of this criminal offense - as independent actions. In addition, an analysis of the legal text and a brief comparative review is made. According to the above, the paper points out uneven or different legal solutions in the entity criminal laws and the law of Brčko District of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In the discovery phase, the complexity of gathering the initial information that indicates the existence of grounds for suspicion as a substantive legal condition for initiating and conducting an investigation, was emphasized. With regard to the implementation of certain criminal procedural actions, an update of the collection of necessary evidence, as well as the burden of proving this criminal offense and guilt, has been given.

Introduction: asthma is the most common chronic inflammatory disease of the respiratory tract in children. The clinical manifestation of asthma is closely related to the pathomorphological changes presenting the basis of the disease, and it concerns the difficult air flow through the lower airways during the expiratory phase of breathing. Inadequate treatment of children who have asthma affects the appearance of remodeling of the lower airways and, in the most severe cases, permanent reduction of the lung function values. The Aim is to determine the influence of prematurity and GSTT1 and GSTM1 gene polymorphisms on the degree of asthma control. Materials and Methods: The research was designed as a clinical, cohort, observational, retrospective-prospective study. It included 200 patients divided into two groups of one hundred respondents each. The first group of respondents consisted of premature children hospitalized at the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care of the CCUS Pediatric Clinic due to respiratory problems caused by immaturity. In contrast, the second group consisted of at-term-born children monitored through the Pulmonary Counselling of the Pediatric Clinic. Results: The male and female genders were equally represented. In the premature children group, respiratory support was used in 60/100 (60%) cases. GSTT1 polymorphism was proven in 150 respondents, and GSTM1 polymorphism in 98. Fisher's test showed that gestational age at birth significantly influenced asthma control: the test value was 11.281, p=0.019. Conclusion: gestation weeks at birth have a statistically significant effect on the degree of asthma control at older age. Although poorly controlled asthma and uncontrolled asthma were more prevalent in children with positive GSTT1 and GSM1 gene polymorphisms, we could not demonstrate a statistically significant influence of the mentioned polymorphisms on the degree of asthma control.

Ever since Tommy Orange’s novel There There was published in 2018, Native American urban experience has been pointed out as the novel’s crux. The characters in the novel are Native American but most of them feel estranged from the community since they do not live on reservations, whereby the general implication is that reservations have become ossified as identity markers for many Native Americans. This paper aims to analyze how the novel’s characters use urban areas to create spaces of belonging, thus debunking the myth of the “reservation Indian”. Aided by Edward Soja’s theories on Thirdspace and Robert Tally’s theory of topophrenia, the paper discusses regional powwows, non-profit organizations, American Indian cultural centers, and digital storytelling/narrativization as specific examples of the subject’s awareness of space, their engagement and inscription into space through the practices mentioned above.

The paper describes the continuous attacks on the socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and its political leadership during the eighties of the last century. The destabilization of the B&H communist leadership was conducted from the power centers in Belgrade - primarily from the intellectual centers and through the media. The leadership of this republic is described as extremely repressive, and Bosnia and Herzegovina is the so-called dark province, in which intellectual creativity and any criticism of the system and government is prohibited. At that time, Yugoslavia was in an extremely unfavorable economic position, but in the Serbian media, BiH was presented as an exception compared to most other republics in the Federation. In addition, BiH was presented as a non-national republic, and there were frequent stereotypes and negative content about Muslims, who were the majority people of this republic. Numerous events were turned into affairs, which weakened the leadership and destroyed the Bosnian society.

The Bosnian and Bosniak writer Jasmina Musabegović (1941-2023) is known to the cultural public of Bosnia and Herzegovina for her novels, essays, and translations from the French language. It is less known, however, that a small collection of lullabies in the Bosnian language is also attributed to Musabegović's research and writing work. The aforementioned collection was published by BZK „Preporod“(Bosniaks' Cultural Society „Preporod“) in 1997 in Sarajevo, with the editorial supervision of literary historian and folklorist Munib Maglajlić. In this paper, the aforementioned collection of writer Jasmina Musabegović will be presented through a thematic analysis of selected poems on a literary-poetic level, and then it will go into the broader context of the overall work of the collected folk lullabies among the Bosniaks so far. The most frequent themes and motifs also will be reviewed within the entire corpus related to that material. With this approach, we tried to draw attention to Musabegović's cultural contribution, which, apart from her literary work, was also reflected in her collection of folk wisdom.

En tant qu’éditrice à la maison d’édition Svjetlost, basée à Sarajevo, écrivaine, critique littéraire et traductrice de langue française, Jasmina Musabegović a élargi les horizons culturels du public de lecture dans les années 80 et 90 du XXe siècle, tant en Bosnie-Herzégovine qu’en l’ex-Yougoslavie. Son lien avec la langue et la culture française commence avec son séjour à Paris et ses travaux de recherche sur Rastko Petrović, écrivain d’avant-garde serbe proche des surréalistes français. Grâce à sa sensibilité éditoriale, le public a pu découvrir des écrivains, philosophes, théoriciens français contemporains et généralement francophones, notamment à travers les éditions «Raskršća» et «Feniks». Cet aspect de son travail se caractérise par une imbrication complète de ses activités d’écrivain, de traductrice et d’éditrice.

Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) often results in significant pain and disability, and histopathologic (HP) evaluation of intervertebral discs (IVDs) offers critical insights into treatment outcomes. This prospective observational study explores HP changes in IVDs and their association with clinical outcomes following surgical treatment for LDH. A cohort of 141 patients undergoing MRI-confirmed LDH surgery underwent HP evaluation using a semi-quantitative HP degeneration score (HDS). Preoperatively and at a six-month follow-up, the comprehensive clinical assessment included the Oswestry disability index (ODI) and visual analog scale (VAS), with a minimal clinically important difference (MCID) calculated from ODI and VAS. Results indicated significant associations between higher HDS and adverse clinical outcomes, including persistent pain and greater disability post-surgery. Specifically, an HDS ≥ 7 was predictive (OR ═ 6.25, 95% CI: 2.56–15.23) of disability outcomes measured with MCID-ODI (AUC: 0.692, 95% CI: 0.609–0.767, P < 0.001), and HDS ≥ 8 was predictive (OR ═ 1.72, 95% CI: 1.04–2.77) of persistent pain measured with MCID-VAS (AUC ═ 0.628, 95% CI: 0.598–0.737, P ═ 0.008), highlighting the diagnostic potential of HDS in assessing postoperative recovery. This study underscores the potential of HP evaluation using HDS to provide valuable insights into disease progression and outcomes in LDH patients, complementing conventional radiologic methods. The findings support the application of personalized treatment strategies based on HP findings while acknowledging challenges in interpretation and clinical implementation.

This study aimed to determine the influence of body composition on the muscle fitness of selected judokas. This study was conducted on a sample of 23 judokas (cadets n = 12, juniors n = 11), members of the male national team of Serbia. The assessment of body composition was performed using the InBody 720 (Biospace Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea) and calipers. Muscle fitness was assessed using “Optojump” (Microgate, Bolzano, Italy), Fitrodine Premium (Fitronic, Bratislava, Slovakia), and a digital force instrument IMADA Z2H-1100 (Imada Inc., Northbrook, IL, USA). Regression analysis revealed a notable association between muscle mass and measures of explosive strength (countermovement jump (CMJ) p = 0.023; drop jump (DJ) p = 0.026). Moreover, this study’s results showed that back extension (p = 0.006; R2 = 0.61) and hand grip (p = 0.009; R2 = 0.52) provide a strong positive association with muscle mass. The findings suggest that tailored training and nutritional strategies that improve muscle mass might significantly enhance muscle fitness in young judokas, optimizing their performance.

Background: Sudden cardiac arrest is the third leading cause of death in Europe. A significant number of out-of-hospital sudden cardiac arrests are associated with acute myocardial infarction. Cardiac arrest is a complication of an acute myocardial infarction caused by malignant rhythm disorder, in most cases ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. They result in sudden death in 25%-50% of patients with prior acute myocardial infarction. Sudden cardiac arrest in these patients occurs during the first hours after the onset of symptoms.  Aim: show from the total number of out-of-hospital reanimations in the given period in canton Sarajevo the number of successful reanimations (return of spontaneous circulation – ROSC) and the number of successful reanimations in patients that went in to sudden cardiac arrest with prior acute myocardial infarction. Show the out-of-hospital management of these patients. Material and Methods: retrospective descriptive study that includes all out-of-hospital sudden cardiac arrest in the period from 1 January 2019 to the 31 December 2021 in canton Sarajevo that are associated with acute myocardial infarction in which there was the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). All patients from above-mentioned period were included in the study, without exclusion criteria related to their age, gender. Data was extracted from data registry of the Centre for education of the Emergency Medical Center of canton Sarajevo. Conclusion: Acute myocardial infarction still stays associated with a high level of mortality and represents one of the leading public health problems. Despite all advances in the field of diagnostics and treatment of patients with AMI that resulted in significant reduction of mortality in time. 

Introduction: Emergency medicine is a dynamic specialty that offers various medical cases and situations. Emergency medicine doctors treat patients from all age groups and with a large spectrum of physical and mental disorders. Emergency medicine is the specialty of treating illnesses or injuries requiring immediate medical attention. Emergency medicine doctors assess and treat patients in the emergency department, regardless of their illness or injury type. Their main focus is to stabilize patients as quickly as possible and determine the best next step in treating many patients simultaneously, with life-threatening conditions being the main priority. Emergency physicians treat all medical conditions of all age groups, such as cardiology, neurological, pulmonological, nephrological, endocrinological, hematological, gastrointestinal, orthopedic, gynecological-obstetrical, dermatological, psychiatric, traumatological, and accidental conditions.  Efforts should be made to reduce the accumulation of ED with a solid organizational culture; rather than adopting “generic” approaches, interventions should be selected and implemented to address the unique challenges of each hospital ED. Emergency medicine can potentially improve patient care and outcomes; however, establishing evidence-based protocols and a multidisciplinary approach to patient management are essential. Creating long-term health policies to regulate the referral system through the national plan and document would regulate the three levels of health care to stop the overcrowding of the hospital's ED.  

Semiotics describes how advertising messages manipulate the connection between ‘meaning’ and ‘reality’ by investigating how already determined meanings are attributed to given products, thus establishing methods of decoding their true meaning. Therefore, the central theme of the semiotic approach to advertising is establishing a connection between meaning and reality. To that extent, semiotics as the science of signs is not an abstract study but rather reflects the essence of social life emphasizing the multi-layered and dynamic character of meaning creation. Advertising messages, therefore, have as much meaning as they have ‘readers’. This research aimed to establish a connection between gender stereotypes and advertising messages, i.e. to point out the main gender stereotypes shown in advertising messages, and to determine whether, in the new century, there have been changes in the way and contexts of the portrayal of women and men in advertisements compared to of the same in the past. A total of 31 advertising messages displayed in a women’s magazine were examined. A detailed analysis of the visual representation of female and male bodies, symbols, body positioning, and products was conducted. Messages are direct and open. Human bodies are glorified by emphasizing a healthy, well-shaped, well-groomed female and male body as a symbol of the extension of the species. It has also been noted that advertising messages reflect changes in society and social expectations among members of both sexes.

Approximately 1–2 per 100,000 young athletes die from sudden cardiac death (SCD) and extreme exercise may be associated with myocardial scar and arrhythmias. Racehorses have a high prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) and SCD but the presence of myocardial scar and inflammation has not been evaluated. Cardiac tissues from the left (LAA) and right (RAA) atrial appendages, left ventricular anterior (LVAPM) and posterior (LVPPM) papillary muscles, and right side of the interventricular septum (IVS-R) were harvested from racehorses with sudden cardiac death (SCD, n = 16) or other fatal injuries (OFI, n = 17), constituting the athletic group (ATH, n = 33), and compared to sedentary horses (SED, n = 10). Horses in the ATH group had myocyte hypertrophy at all sites; increased fibrosis at all sites other than the LAA; increased fibroblast infiltration but a reduction in the overall extracellular matrix (ECM) volume in the RAA, LVAPM, and IVS-R compared to SED horses. In this horse model, athletic conditioning was associated with myocyte hypertrophy and a reduction in ECM. There was an excess of fibrocyte infiltration and focal fibrosis that was not present in non-athletic horses, raising the possibility of an exercise-induced pro-fibrotic substrate.