We study the spaces of string links and homotopy string links in an arbitrary manifold using multivariable manifold calculus of functors. We construct multi-cosimplicial models for both spaces and deduce certain convergence properties of the associated Bousfield-Kan homotopy and cohomology spectral sequences when the ambient manifold is a Euclidean space of dimension four or more.
The beginning of the XX century showed an increasing interest in studies about the plastic expression of mental people, which generated changes in scientific and artistic fields. In the 40s, Jean Dubuffet, in France, and Mario Pedrosa, in Brazil, recognized and defended the artistic productions that deviated from the academy style and showed more spontaneity. Both protested against the idea of a psychopathological art, which allowed the elimination of the barrier between art and madness. The simultaneity and syntony between Pedrosa and Dubuffet allows us to establish a dialogue towards the posture and discussions raised by them.
Aim To report on the use of STR, Y-STRs, and miniSTRs typing methods in the identification of victims of revolutionary violence and crimes against humanity committed by the Communist Armed Forces during and after World War II in which bodies were exhumed from mass and individual graves in Slovenia. Methods Bone fragments and teeth were removed from human remains found in several small and closely located hidden mass graves in the Skofja Loka area (Lovrenska Grapa and Žolsce) and 2 individual graves in the Ljubljana area (Podlipoglav), Slovenia. DNA was isolated using the Qiagen DNA extraction procedure optimized for bone and teeth. Some DNA extracts required additional purification, such as N-buthanol treatment. The Quantifiler TM Human DNA Quantifica tion Kit was used for DNA quantification. Initially, PowerPlex 16 kit was used to simultaneously analyze 15 short tandem repeat (STR) loci. The PowerPlex S5 miniSTR kit and AmpFSTR® MiniFiler PCR Amplification Kit was used for additional analysis if preliminary analysis yielded weak partial or no profiles at all. In 2 cases, when the Pow erPlex 16 profiles indicated possible relatedness of the remains with reference samples, but there were insufficient probabilities to call the match to possible male paternal relatives, we resorted to an additional analysis of Y-STR markers. PowerPlex® Y System was used to simultaneously amplify 12 Y-STR loci. Fragment analysis was performed on an ABI PRISM 310 genetic analyzer. Matching probabilities were estimated using the DNA-View software. Results Following the Y-STR analysis, 1 of the “weak matches” previously obtained based on autosomal loci, was confirmed while the other 1 was not. Combined standard STR and miniSTR approach applied to bone samples from 2 individual graves resulted in positive identifications. Finally, using the same approach on 11 bone samples from hidden mass grave Žolosce, we were able to obtain 6 useful DNA profiles. Conclusion The results of this study, in combination with previously obtained results, demonstrate that Y-chromosome testing and mini STR methodology can contribute to the identification of human re mains of victims of revolutionary violence from World War II.
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