Modern soil tillage systems based on different tools than mouldboard plough have very often stronger weed occurrence, which can be a serious problem for achieving high yields. An obvious solution for weed suppression is a herbicide, whose improper use can deteriorate environment and lead toward serious ecological problems. In order to investigate the interaction between soil tillage and herbicide, trial was set up in Valpovo in seasons 2008/09 - 2010/11. Two soil tillage systems (CT-conventional tillage, based on mouldboard ploughing, and CH-chiselling and disk harrowing, without ploughing) and five herbicide treatments (NH-control, no herbicides; H10- recommended dose of Herbaflex (2 l ha-1); H05-half dose of Herbaflex; F10- recommended dose of Fox (1.5 l ha-1); and F05-half dose of Fox) were applied to winter wheat crops. Results showed similar effects of soil tillage on the winter wheat yield, whereas different herbicide dosages showed similar weed suppression and influence on winter wheat yield.

UNLABELLED Lymphadenopathy is defined as an abnormality in the size or character of lymph nodes, is caused by the invasion or propagation of either inflammatory cells or neoplastic cells into the node. Numerous factors, such as age, localization, size and consistency, present and previous pathological conditions are very important in order to define the future diagnostic and therapeutic course. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the etiological and clinical characteristics oflymphadenopathy in children in the area of the Tuzla Canton. PATIENTS AND METHODS This retrospective-prospective study analyzed the medical records of the Department of Pediatrics in Tuzla of 334 patients in age from 0 to 14 years, in which the clinical signs of palpable lymph nodes of one or more regions was diagnosed in the period from January 1st 1998 to June 30th 2003. The anamnesis data, clinical findings, diagnostic procedures results, therapeutic approach and disease outcome etiology defined lymphadenopathy were analyzed. RESULTS Out of 334 children, localized lymphadenopathy have been verified in 230, and generalized in 104. Male/female ratio was 1:1.8. Final results of our study have shown the etiologies as following: Infectious etiologies, 79.34%, neoplastic 11.34%, and non-neoplastic 9.28%. In neoplastic etiologies, lymphoblastic leukemia has been the most often verified neoplastic disease (68.4%), not related to the age or sex of patient, and equally presented as localized and generalized lymphadenopathy. In this study lymphomas were presented by generalized lymphadenopathy. CONCLUSION The regional and generalized lymphadenopathy in children depends on their etiology and has significant prognostic value for the disease.

INTRODUCTION The clinical course and outcome of B-CLL is various and so far unpredictible. Defining prognostic parameters potentiating division of patients in groups with favorable and unfavorable prognosis which could help the benefit assessment of early treatment, improve treatment effects, and potentiate treatment modification for each patient. AIM To analyze the bone-marrow (BM) pattern and immunophenotypic score at diagnosis of B-CLL and determine the correlation of BM pattern with the clinical stage of disease and immunophenotypic score. METHODS A sample of 40 untreated patients with B-CLL was divided into two groups: group with clinical stage Binet A and group with clinical stages Binet B and Binet C. BM patterns were observed as a diffuse, interstitial, nodular and mixed. BM immunophenotyping included CD5, CD23, CD22, and CD20 as an indirect indicator of FMC7. RESULTS The overall sample mean age was 62.88 years +/- 11.10, without significant difference in the age of two compared groups (63.15 +/- 10.53 years vs. 62.60 +/- 11.50 years) (t = 0.16, df= 38, p = 0.88). Proportion of men was significantly higher in stages Binet B and C (12/20) compared to stage Binet A (5/20) (Z=2.24, p=0.025). The percentage of women was higher than men in Binet A stage (75% vs. 25%). The BM patterns in Binet A stage were observed as follows: mixed 50% (10/20), interstitial 30% (6/20), nodular 15% (3/20) and diffuse 5% (1/20). The BM patterns in Binet B and C stages were observed as follows: diffuse 50% (10/20), mixed 40% (8/20), interstitial 5% (1/20) and nodular 5% (1/20). Clinical stage and the BM patterns were significantly associated (c2=8.02, p=0,005). The chance for non-diffuse patterns was 19 times higher in stage Binet A compared to stages Binet B and C, respectively, analyzing 95% CI at least 2 times higher (95% CI: 2.02-866.6). Immunophenotypic score in total sample was observed as follows: score 4: 5% (2/40), score 3: 72.5% (29/40), score 2: 20% (8/40) and score 1: 2,5% (1/40). Immunophenotypic score 3 and > 3 had 77.5% of patients (31/40), but there was no significant association between the immunophenotypic score and the BM patterns (c2=0.76, p=0.38). CONCLUSIONS Diffuse BM pattern was significantly associated with the clinical stages Binet B and C, compared to non-diffuse BM patterns which were significantly associated with the clinical stage Binet A. Diffuse BM pattern represent the parameter of progressive disease compared to the non-diffuse BM patterns which are more often represented in stable disease. Immunophenotypic score improves diagnostic accuracy of B-CLL, but should not be used as a prognostic parameter of B -CLL.