Introduction: The role of salt in the diet is very important, however what effect will lead to its entry into the organism depends on the amount of salt ingested. Elevated salt intake is a risk factor for hypertension, heart disease, adversely affects the kidneys, helps the development of osteoporosis. The aim was to examine sodium intake in the student population through an objective assessment of nutrition students and the students' subjective experience of salty foods and salty foods influence on the organism.Methods: The research is cross-sectional study, which is carried out in April 2010 among students at the University of Sarajevo.Results: More than half of students from the FHS considers that the greatest amount of salt into the body, adding salt to food during the meal, 34% considered that it was during the preparation of food by 10% of processed products in the food industry and 4% said that it was the intake of salt, which naturally found in foods. Not in a group of students there who suffer from hypertension, while in their families the disease is present.Conclusions: Subjects eat a quantity of salt that are well above the recommended. This problem must be approached in a more organized educational, health educational and research terms.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2 is a heterogeneous disorder of complex etiology that occurs in response to genetic influences and impacts of the external environment. There are numerous risk factors thatcontribute to the development of type 2 diabetes such as: heritage, overabundant food and as a consequence of obesity in animals, physical inactivity, the presence of hypertension, psychogenic stress and many others. The aim of this study is to analyze and determine the existence of risk factors for type 2 diabetes in patients of all ages and both sexes treated in the general practice of the Health Centres for municipality Ilidza.Methods: The research is cross-sectional study, which is carried out in February 2010 in the general practice of the Health Centres for municipality Ilidža. Research instrument was a questionnaire and anthropometric measurements.Results: The results show us that in our sample 62% of patients had increased body mass index 25% of male respondents and 48% of females has waist I and II risks, both sexes are fairly large percentage (40%) inactive, a large percentage of respondents (52%) taking antihypertensive medications, 21% of respondents have a genetic predisposition of developing diabetes.Conclusions: There is a risk of developing type 2 diabetes in a large percentage of patients. Risk factors, important for the development of type 2 diabetes, were present at more than half of examinees and promotion of health and healthy lifestyles is necessary in all age groups.

Introduction: The prevalence of pediatric obesity is increasing. Finding the most effective preventive measures for the development of obesity in each country requires accurate epidemiological data on the number of obese children and adolescents, and their habits regarding nutrition and activity. The objective of this study was evaluate diet and physical activity in primary school students in relation to the occurrence of obesity, to determine the prevalence of overweight, mark the basic causes of this phenomenon and to establish measures for treatment and prevention.Methods: pupils 1-8. grades of primary schools were surveyed in written forms in terms of nutrition and physical activity, and measured height and weight, body mass index (BMI-body mass index) was calculated by whichwas estimated the level of nourishment: BMI> p (percentile) 5-malnutrition, p 5-85 proper body weight, p 85-95 over-nutrition, p> 95 obesity.Results: The study comprised 2329 pupils from 10 primary schools in the Canton of Sarajevo. Number of respondents by age and gender was balanced: I-IV 1077, V-VIII 1252; M-1226 and -1103 W. Obese and overweight was 22.46%, 62.53% of normal weight and 15 underweight, 01%. Most children eat a sandwich from school 34.63%, and food from the bakery 23.36% and 23.64% a sandwich from home. Still-dense juices are mostly drunk, even 22.34% of the students, a maximum of 52.8% water. Daily candy had taken 53.21% of all primary school students. 33.80% of the students were active on physical activity lessons and daily only 28.27%.Conclusions: The overweight problem in relation to the way of nutrition and physical activity is evident. The most important factors in] uencing the development of obesity undernutrition of children in school, the high frequency of intake of sweets and thick juice, an inadequate level ofphysical activity and sedanteran way of life.

Introduction: The aim of this study is to examine whether moderate hiperhomocysteinemia is an independent risk factor for cerebral infarction.Methods: We have measured homocysteine levels in 50 patients with ischemic stroke during acute phase and postacute phase, 50 patients diagnosed with vascular dementia and healthy group of 50 subjects. Homocysteine concentration in serum was measured, on the basis of fluorescent polarisation measuring.Results: The study demonstrated that homocysteine concentration was 16.93 µmol/L in the patient group with ischemic stroke, and in the group of patients with vascular dementia was 20.39 µmol/L. Homocysteine increases during the postacute phase of ischemic stroke after 7 days for 1.54 µmol/L and 14 days for 3.66 µmol/L compared to the concentration of homocysteine after the first hours of hospitalization. Using Wilcoxon signed ranks and Mann-Whitney (P < 0.05) tests we got significant difference between homocysteine concentration at acute phase and post-acute phase of ischemic stroke and it was significant difference between concentrations of homocysteine in the acute and post-acute phase of ischemic stroke and vascular dementia. The Spearman correlation test was found signifiant correlation between the number of strokes and the concentration of homocysteine in serum of patients with vascular dementia.Conclusions: The homocysteine concentration rises significantly during of acute phase of ischemic brain stroke, and it is significantly increased during post-acute phase, which is a predictor factor for further development of vascular dementia, or a new ischemic brain stroke.

Introduction: Estrogen deficiency plays a critical role in the development of osteoporosis. However, some other factors may contribute to bone loss as well. Aim: To show presence of osteoporosis risk factors and to examine its influence on bone mass loss in women with normal menstrual history.Methods: The study included 30 postmenopausal women, ages from 50 to 65 with osteoporosis who entered into menopause before the age of 45, and 30 postmenopausal women, ages from 50 to 65 with osteoporosis who had normal menstrual history. Presence of risk factors has been calculated for both groups and statistical significance of differences  between two groups presented.Results: In the group with normal menstrual history 33.33% women had low level of physical activities, 56.66% suffered from insuficient intake of calcium, 63.33% of women were active smokers. Body mass index bellow 19 had 6.66% women, insuficient exposure to the sun was registered in 60%, and 23.33% women were either taking medicaments or had  diseases that could cause osteoporosis. Statistical significance of differencies in presence of certain risk factors between two groups was registered for : insuficient daily intake of calcium (p <0.001), insuficient exposure to the sun (p<0.001), and smoking (p <0.001).Conclusion: Results of the study indicate high presence of osteoporosis risk factors in women with normal menstrual history and indicate influence of certain factors (calcium, sun exposure, smoking) on occurence ofosteoporosis in this group.

Introduction: Lumbar pain syndrome is the most common cause of why patients, especially the active ones, are reported to physicians. It is manifested as nonspecific or non-radicular lumbar pain syndrome which is not associated with neurological symptoms, and specific which is associated with spinal nerve root compression. Aims of this study were to determine correlation between inadequate equipment and improper position for work with disk caused lumbar pain syndrome.Methods: The study included 913 patients who have visited the Community-based rehabilitation ambulance "Praxis" due to low back pain syndrome and verified disc hernia in the five year period. Lumbar pain syndrome was diagnosed by clinical examination (history, inspection, palpation, Lasegue sign, neurologic and motoric dysfunction tests), then radiologic diagnostic methods (CT, MRI). The data about inadequate equipment and position during work were obtained in interview with  patients.Results: Lumbar pain syndrome is most common among workers (268 or 29.35%), followed by officials (239 or 26.17%). With the conducted research we determine that all the patients had inadequate equipment and the position of labor and weak abdominal and spinal muscles.Conclusion: Based on research conducted through the before mentioned variables, we can determine not only the association, but a strong influence of inadequate equipment and improper position for work to the occurrence of disk caused lumbar pain syndrome.