Vault is an apparatus that slightly differs from other in women’s artistic gymnastics in the way of judging, duration of performance, but also in the requirements for certain biomotor abilities of the competitors. Accordingly, the question of number of competitors in the Vault Qualifications arises. Of all the major competitions in the period from 2008 to 2015 only at the competitions that were Individual All-Around Finals and Individual Event Finals (WC2009 and WC2013) a high percentage of Vault Qualifiers (WC2009 = 81.03%; WC2013 = 90.90%) has been identified. At other competitions (OG2008, WC2010, WC2011, QOG2012, OG2012, WC2014, WC2015) only approximately 20% of the elite competitors competed Vault Qualifications. Furthermore, due to identification of the impact of Competitor type (Vault Qualifiers or All-Around competitors), Competition (OG2008, WC2009, WC2010, WC2011, QOG2012, OG2012, WC2013, WC2014, WC2015) and their interaction with vaults Difficulty Scores, Execution Scores and Total Scores between-between 2*9 factorial ANOVA was applied. Finally, it was concluded that biomotor skills and competitors’ selected tactics probably generated the obtained significant differences. The results should be guidelines in planning and programming of training sessions for female elite competitors who aspire towards the Vault Finals.

The aim of this study was to examine whether additional training protocol of isokinetic training results in increased biomechanical values of certain parameters and whether it increases functional correlation between speed and strength leading to improved performance of acrobatic elements in floor exercises. Additional training protocol, which lasted for one semester,  was performed on Biodex 3 apparatus (60°·s–1). Examinees participating in this research were (N = 80) male students from Faculty of Sport and Education (mean age, 19.8 ± 1.7 year; weight, 75.2 ± 2,9 kg; height 179.7 ± 6.4 cm). Control group (N = 40), between two measurements, conducted only regular practical teaching program of artistic gymnastics. Experimental group (N = 40), besides regular practical teaching program of artistic gymnastics, also had additional program of isokinetic practice on Biodex 3 apparatus. Experimental group showed obvious structural changes that can be dominantly registered through variables assessing the maximum strength of the dynamic knee stabilizers (the maximum moment of force, overall work and average strength) and reciprocal relationship between agonist and antagonist muscles. In variables assessing the performance of elements of floor exercises in artistic gymnastics we obtained statistically significant differences in elements requiring changes of the maximum strength of the dynamic knee stabilizers: dive roll, back handspring, salto forward and backward tucked.

The railway Samac - Sarajevo was built in the fifties of the twentieth century, as a significant part of the railway that connects the central part of the former Yugoslavia with the Sava River. Later, in the seventies another track of Doboj and Zenica was built what was the most important by that time. In general the railway is situated on the corridor V, which links the Adriatic Sea via Sarajevo and Budapest. Over time, the tracks are worn, damaged and speed has been reduced to about 40 km/hour. As part of the revitalization of the railway network in the former Yugoslavia, the reconstruction of the Samac - Adriatic Sea began, which is divided by sections. One of these sectionsis the section km 103 + 500 - Maglaj, a more demanding one compared to previous section from Samac to the now named section. The point is that the terrain along the route of the railway needs to be viewed from the aspect of geologi cal features, then the characteristics of the embankment so the geotechnical conditions for the revitalization of the railway line for speeds of 120 km/hour can be provided. Conducted field investigations along the route of the railway, as well as laboratory tests on samples provided enough data in the corridor route, while the wider area could not be perceived because of the mine field. However, the previous studies for the purposes of the General Geological Map, scale 1: 100 000, and field observations along the route line gave a satisfactory level of data for assessment of geological and engineering geological characteristics of the terrain.