We report the effect of topographical features on gold nanowire assemblies in a vertically applied AC electric field. Nanowires 300 nm in diameter ×2.5 μm long, and coated with ∼30 nm silica shell, were assembled in aqueous solution between top and bottom electrodes, where the bottom electrode was patterned with cylindrical dielectric posts. Assemblies were monitored in real time using optical microscopy. Dielectrophoretic and electrohydrodynamic forces were manipulated through frequency and voltage variation, organizing nanowires parallel to the field lines, i.e., standing perpendicular to the substrate surface. Field gradients around the posts were simulated and assembly behavior was experimentally evaluated as a function of patterned feature diameter and spacing. The electric field gradient was highest around these topographic features, which resulted in accumulation of vertically oriented nanowires around the post perimeters when dielectrophoresis dominated (high AC frequency) or between the posts when electrohydrodynamics dominated (low AC frequency). This general type of reconfigurable assembly, coupled with judicious choice of nanowire and post materials/dimensions, could ultimately enable new types of optical materials capable of switching between two functional states by changing the applied field conditions.

Prediction of failure mechanisms in concrete is a fairly complex task due to heterogeneous concrete microstructure, localization process triggered by cracks, multiple crack interactions during their growth and coalescence, and different dissipative mechanisms in a fracture process zone prior to localized failure and in a localization zone during the failure. None of the currently used phenomenological models can represent the full set of 3D failure modes. This work presents an attempt to solve this with the 3D meso-scale model based on discrete lattice approach. In particular we show that we can capture such complexities at the meso-scale, which is able to represent microcracks in fracture process zone along with the localized failure represented in terms of embedded strong discontinuity and accompanied with softening constitutive law. The model can also successfully simulate salient features of concrete response, such as order of magnitude of reduction in strength in uniaxial tension versus compression, strength increase in biaxial loading or hydrostatic tension. Moreover, macro-scale representation of failure surfaces obtained with presented model for different loading programs confirms the need for failure concrete criterion of multi-surface kind. Part I of this work presents the proposed meso-scale based on extensive number of numerical simulations with multiple realizations of different concrete specimens, along as the optimal deterministic fit for several common concrete failure models. The ultimate interest of the work is to provide detailed data set for different failure modes which can be used for identification of probability distribution of material parameters for different criteria. Such task is carried in Part II of this work.

The numerous and diverse applications of the Internet of Things (IoT) have the potential to change all areas of daily life of individuals, businesses, and society as a whole. The vision of a pervasive IoT spans a wide range of application domains and addresses the enabling technologies needed to meet the performance requirements of various IoT applications. In order to accomplish this vision, this paper aims to provide an analysis of literature in order to propose a new classification of IoT applications, specify and prioritize performance requirements of such IoT application classes, and give an insight into state-of-the-art technologies used to meet these requirements, all from telco’s perspective. A deep and comprehensive understanding of the scope and classification of IoT applications is an essential precondition for determining their performance requirements with the overall goal of defining the enabling technologies towards fifth generation (5G) networks, while avoiding over-specification and high costs. Given the fact that this paper presents an overview of current research for the given topic, it also targets the research community and other stakeholders interested in this contemporary and attractive field for the purpose of recognizing research gaps and recommending new research directions.

Objective: The aim of this work is to show the importance of the depth of myometrium invasion, tumour size and lymphovascular invasion as prognostic factors in dissemination of lymphatic nodes at endometrial carcinoma (CE). Materials and methods: In the period from 2010 to 2015 at the University Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics in Banja Luka, 221 endometrial cancer surgeries were done (laparatomy 184-83%, laparascopy 37-16,74%). Patients who had uterus bleeding in peri/postmenopause or those whose endometrium thickness was bigger than 5 mm which was established by ultrasound, or those who had in their cavum uteri pathological (PH) diagnosis, underwent fractional curettage (FC) or hysteroscopy in order to obtain pathohistological endometrium diagnosis. Substances which were removed by fractional curettage, biopsy or by surgery were sent to patohystological analysis. We analysed the following factors: age (5 groups), histological grade (G) of tumour, depth of myometrial invasion (DIM), whether it is more or less than 50%, the size of the tumour (if it is bigger or smaller than 2 cm), positive or negative lymphovascular invasion (LVI), positive or negative pelvic lymph nodes (PLN). Results: Within histological type the endometrioid type CE 166 (75,11%) was most dominant. Adenocarcinoma of endometrium was present 25 (11,31%), serous CE 11 (4,97%) and clear cell KE 2 (0,90%). Dominant population with CE was over 60 years old 127 (57,46) of female patients. At G3 where DIM was <50% positive PLN were present 2 (3.92%), whereas if DIM was>50%, 6 (26,73%) patients with positive PLN were registred. Tumour size < 2 cm was found with 57 (25,79%) female patients with positive PLN 8 (14,03%), while 164 (74,20%) patients had tumours > 2 cm who had 21 (12,80) PLN metastases. At G1 when tumour was <2 cm, positive PLN had 3 patients (5,88), while when tumour was >2 cm, positive PLN were found at 6 patients (9,69%). At G3 whose size was <2 cm, positive PLN were found at 2 patients (16,66%), but when tumour was >2 cm, PLN metastases were more frequent, 6 (25,00%). Negative LVI was found with 168 patients (76,01%) whose PLN were positive 16 (9,52%), while positive LIV was with 53 patients (23,99%) of whom 14 had PLN metastases (26,41%). At G1 two patients had positive PLN (2,32%) with negative LVI, while with positive LVI, positive PLN were found at 3 patients (11,11%). At G3 having negative LVI positive PLN were found with 6 patients (24,00%), while if LIV was positive, the number of positive PLN were 6 (54,54%). Conclusions: With low risk for lymphatic spread (DIM less than 50%, tumour size smaller than 2 cm and lack of LVI at G1 CE) we also encounter low metastasis rate of PLN. Diagnoses of this kind have an aim to lower the number of pelvic lymphadenectomies. With patients who have a high risk of lymphatic spread (myometrium invasion >50%, tumour size > 2cm, LVI present at G2 and G3) metastasis rate of PLN is high, therefore it is necessary to perform pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomy which lowers the mortality rate for more than 50% and at the same time patients get an absolute chance of 5-year survival period.

Introduction: Infections occurring in the wound as a consequence of the surgery represent the surgical field infections (SFI). Tibia diaphysis fractures are common due to its exposure to the external force. Clinical signs include: pain, swelling, lower leg deformity and skin changes. Tibia in the lower extremities has an eccentric position - from the front inner side it is covered only with the skin and from the back and the outer by muscle mass. The most common pathogens are: Staphylococcus aureus, Coagulase negative Staphylococcoc aureus or S. Epidermitis, Escherichia coli, and other. For the fracture fusion process, it is important that the skin and subcutaneous tissue above the fracture are well supplied with the blood. The American Association of Anesthesiologists defined the so-called ASA score, based on which all patients are divided into five categories according to health status before surgery. Goal: The goal of the study is to demonstrate the influence of risk factors on the occurrence of infection following osteosynthesis of tibial diaphysis, comparing emergency surgical interventions with elective. Material and methods: The study was conducted at the Clinic for Orthopedics and Traumatology of the Clinical Center of Sarajevo University during 2015 and 2016, with a total of 68 patients. Results: The age of the patient as risk factor is evident in our study, because deeper infections have had patients at the age over 60 with accompanying diseases such as Diabetes mellitus. Most of the hospitalized patients had a good health status prior to surgery, or they had ASA 1 or ASA 2 score. Surgical field infections were more common in men than in women, but the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Patients who are operated as an elective surgery have longer hospitalization and more frequent surgical field infection. Also, infections are more common among smokers.

Objectives: Each surgical patient is preoperatively, intraoperatively and postoperatively exposed to stress. The aim of this study was to determine the existence of preoperative anxiety, and to determine its impact on hemodynamic parameters (blood pressure, heart rate) in patients and dose of anesthetics during induction of anesthesia. Methods: A prospective clinical study conducted at the Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation and Surgery Clinic of University Clinical Center Tuzla (UCC) in the period May 2012. to January 2015. The 80 patients were analyzed which were planned for and done an elective cholecystectomy surgery or herniectomy surgical intervention. Preoperative anxiety was measured with the help of Spielberg test and evaluation of depth of anesthesia was performed with BIS monitoring. Results: The results showed that all patients had some degree of preoperative manifest anxiety. Average values of mean arterial pressure, preoperatively and after the induction of general anesthesia, differed for 15,4 mm/Hg, but were not observed significant association between Spielberg score and differences in blood pressure. Preoperative anxiety is a significant predictor of administered dose of anesthetic. Each additional score on Spielberg scale reduces the dose of anesthetic for 0,304 mg/kgTT. Conclusion: Adequate assessment of preoperative anxiety and undertaking of certain steps to reduce it can assist in accurately determining the required dosage of anesthetic for the introduction of general anesthesia.