Background: Cardiometabolic risk (CMR), encompassing metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, represents a major public health challenge in Bosnia and Herzegovina, where overweight and obesity prevalence is high. Objective: The study aimed to: a) examine the prevalence of three or more metabolic risk factors in relation to age; b) analyze biochemical parameters, lipid indices, and body composition indices in association with cardiometabolic risk (QRISK3); and c) identify age-specific thresholds for elevated risk. Methods: A cross-sectional, observational, descriptive–analytical study included 203 working-age participants (≤49, 50–54, 55–59, ≥60 years). The research instruments included: laboratory analysis, anthropometric and body composition parameters, and the Q3 risk calculator. Results: The prevalence of three or more metabolic risk factors increased with age, from <49 years to ≥60 years. Younger participants exhibited lower HDL and higher visceral fat, whereas older groups showed elevated glucose, ALT, and AST (p<0.05). The Q3 risk score increased significantly across age groups (median 8.15 to 24.80; p<0.001). Visceral fat, BMI, and body fat percentage emerged as strong predictors of risk in younger and middle-aged adults. Conclusion: Cardiometabolic risk develops already in early adulthood. Age-specific thresholds for visceral fat and biochemical markers may improve risk stratification, highlighting the importance of early screening and preventive interventions.

This paper presents a procedure for probabilistic analysis of joint load carrying capacity as a randomly variable quantity on the example of a cylindrical press fit joint of a bronze ring with teeth and a worm gear hub. By fitting the set of results obtained by a series of FEM simulations for characteristic values of input parameters (interference and material characteristics), the coefficients of a second-order multidimensional polynomial as a "response surface" for the output quantity - joint load carrying capacity were determined. By MC simulation, generating random parameters according to the known laws of statistical distributions and evaluating the previously obtained higher-order polynomial, a statistical set was obtained, the processing of which determines the distribution parameters of the randomly variable output quantity. The described procedure is applicable to a wide class of probabilistic design problems that are analyzed using FEM analysis.

Background: The role and influence of a positive psychotherapeutic relationship on the outcome of psychotherapy has been widely documented. Ruptures in the psychotherapeutic relationship are defined as a deterioration in the collaborative relationship between the psychotherapist and the client. Objective: The aim of the research is to shed light on the issue of subjective experiences of psychotherapists regarding the perception of the meaning and interpretation of rupture, to discover the unique ways in which psychotherapists work to identify, manage and overcome them during the psychotherapy relationship, and to discover the psychotherapist's strategies for dealing with successful or unsuccessful processes of resolving the process of rupture in the psychotherapy process. Methods: The sample of respondents consisted of a total of 6 qualified psychotherapists with different psychotherapy orientations, who have completed accredited psychotherapy training programs with at least two years of psychotherapy experience, and are actively conducting psychotherapy sessions. The research was conducted according to the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) methodology of qualitative studies. Semi-structured interview questionnaire - When conducting research in focus groups, a semi-structured interview questionnaire was used, which contains the domains provided by the Theoretical Domains Framework and open-ended questions related to the research objective. Results: The role of the therapeutic relationship in working with clients is assessed as the most important component without which there is no psychotherapy treatment, and a good therapeutic relationship as a predictor of psychotherapy success. The following indicators are crucial in the identification of psychotherapy rupture according to therapists: lack of mutual respect, feeling of being let down, presence of conscious or unconscious transference or countertransference, failure to meet expectations and compliance. On the emotional level, in the identification of psychotherapy rupture, the feeling of fatigue and anger, helplessness is identified. Conclusion: The results of the theoretical review and data analysis indicate the existence of several unique points for creating an integrative approach to the resolution of a psychotherapeutic rupture: Identification of the rupture, open discussion about the situation and relationship that has arisen, negotiation, and establishment of a new relationship. Further studies in this direction are needed.

Background: Perspectives and views on addiction have changed throughout history, from moralistic interpretations to pharmacological, medical, social and cultural approaches. Research and thinking about the connection between social development and the use of psychoactive substances has broadened the perspective. Personal factors that contribute to the development of a tendency towards addiction are extremely important for understanding addictive behavior, but they are less the focus of researchers. This is one of the key reasons why the underlying causes of this disease are still under-researched. Objective: To discover how psychological profiles differ between those who have successfully completed treatment and those who have not, thereby providing deeper insight into traits that may be key to successful rehabilitation of addicts. Methods: The study involved drug addicts (N=368) who were undergoing residential treatment for a year at the Therapeutic Community Institution, Campus of Canton Sarajevo. The study used the MMPI 2 - Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, a broad-ranging test designed to identify a number of major personality and emotional disorders, and a standardized questionnaire with basic data on addicts in the treatment program, the Pompidou questionnaire, which is used in many European countries to determine: the prevalence of substance abuse, the modality of their use, and the associated harmful consequences. After the psychological profiles were formed, we investigated whether there was a difference between the groups of addicts who completed treatment and those who did not. The IBM SPSS (v23.0) software for statistical analysis was used to process the collected data. Results: AGE - statistically significant differences/borderline differences were found on the scale Psychopathic Deviation (F=7.501 p=0.001), Paranoia (F=3.025, p=0.056), Psychoasthenia (F=3.144, p=0.051) and Schizophrenia (F=4.383, p=0.017). Status of previous treatment - statistically significant differences were found on the scales Psychopathic Deviation (F=6.047 p=0.017) and Masculinity-Femininity (F=5.086, p=0.028). Conclusion: Understanding the personality psychological profiles, sociodemographic characteristics, history of the disease of addiction can improve the understanding of the personality of the addict and help to be more successful in the treatment. Previous research in this area shows that addicts have additional psychological difficulties that should be addressed and treated during addiction treatment.

The main aim of this study is to measure the indoor gamma and beta radiation dose rates in the areas of Banovici and Zivinice, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and their dependence on meteorological parameters (temperature, pressure, and air humidity). During the research, emphasis was placed on measuring doses in private residential buildings. Using the Gamma-Scout device, gamma and beta radiation dose rates were measured inside the residential buildings. Annual effective doses were estimated, as well as the excess lifetime cancer risk resulting from gamma and beta radiation. The average estimated annual effective dose of gamma radiation in the Banovici and Zivinice areas was 1.09 ? 0.20 mSv, and also for gamma + beta radiation, it was 1.14 ? 0.19 mSv. The excess lifetime cancer risk due to exposure to gamma radiation indoors was estimated to be (4.25 ? 0.77)?10-3, while this risk from exposure to gamma + beta radiation was estimated to be (4.47 ? 0.75)?10-3.

Background: Aphasia is an acquired communication disorder that affects language comprehension and production, typically occurring after brain damage. It is a frequent clinical manifestation of both benign and malignant brain tumors, particularly when lesions are localized in language-dominant areas. Objective: To assess the prevalence and characterize the types of aphasia in patients with intracranial tumors, emphasizing its clinical significance and the importance of early speech-language evaluation. Methods: This prospective study included patients with confirmed brain tumors diagnosed through neuroimaging (CT or MRI of the neurocranium), who were hospitalized at the Clinic of Neurosurgery, University Clinical Center Tuzla, over a one-year period. Patients with pre-existing aphasia of any etiology, as well as those who had not acquired reading and writing skills, were excluded. All assessments were performed prior to surgical intervention using the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination. Results: Aphasia was diagnosed in 25 patients (27.5%). The most common type was anomic aphasia in 10 patients (40%), followed by Broca’s aphasia in 7 patients (28%), transcortical motor aphasia in 3 patients (12%), and transcortical sensory aphasia in 1 patient (4%). The highest number of patients with aphasia had tumors localized in the left temporal lobe, followed by the parietal and temporoparietal regions. Conclusion: Aphasia is a common clinical finding in patients with intracranial tumors, affecting more than one-quarter of the studied population. The distribution of aphasia types is consistent with the localization of lesions in language-dominant areas, particularly the left temporal lobe. Early recognition and detailed speech-language assessment are essential for timely intervention, rehabilitation planning, and optimizing functional outcomes.

Background: The clinical manifestations of cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) depend on the localization of the damaged region in the brain. Cognitive functions are often impaired following a stroke. Initially, CVD was referred to as atherosclerotic dementia, and was distinguished from senile dementia. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine how stroke severity and localization influence the development of vascular dementia (VD) and to identify which cognitive functions are impaired in certain types of VD. Methods: This prospective study included patients with acute stroke who were hospitalized at the Department of Neurology Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina, over a one-year period. Patients were divided into the following groups: dementia of strategic infarct (DSI), cortical dementia (CD), subcortical dementia (SCD), haemorrhagic dementia (HD) and non-demented patient (NDP). Stroke localization, side and number of lesions were analyzed. Results: A total of 274 stroke patients were analyzed, of whom 190 (69%) were diagnosed with some type of VD. The odds ratio (OR) for the occurrence of dementia per point increase in NIHSS on admission was 1.131 (95% CI; 1.056 – 1.210). CD was more common in patients with right hemisphere lesions (p<0.000), whereas SCD was more frequent in those with bihemispheric lesions (p<0.0001). All assessed cognitive functions were significantly associated with CD and SCD (p<0.000). Visual perceptual (p=0.007) and visual constructive (p=0.016) functions were significantly impaired in patients with DSI. Executive functions were significantly impaired in all demented patients (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Stroke localization has a significant impact on the development of vascular dementia. All analyzed cognitive functions are significantly impaired in cortical and subcortical dementia. Visual perceptual and visual constructive functions are particularly impaired in patients with dementia of strategic infarct.

Contemporary technologies, including digitalization and artificial intelligence, increasingly influence everyday life and social relations, often giving rise to new forms of criminal offenses. Consequently, the fight against cybercrime demands more sophisticated mechanisms for detecting and proving such offenses. On the other hand, technological advancements present additional challenges for the efficient administration of criminal procedures, particularly with the application of artificial intelligence. This paper examines the current and applicable forms of modern technologies in criminal law, with a particular focus on criminal procedural law, highlighting the use of digital tools and artificial intelligence. The first part of the paper presents concrete examples of their application in combating cybercrime, evaluating both their advantages and potential risks. The second part analyzes key international documents of the Council of Europe and the European Union, which outline principles for the application of modern technologies, with a particular emphasis on the protection of human rights, the rule of law, and the preservation of moral values.