The aim of this study was to examine the concentration of total and available forms of heavy metals (Ni, Cr, Cu, Zn, Pb and Mn) in the greenhouse soils as well as the distribution of these metals in the different parts of tomato plants grown on these soils. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) was used to determine heavy metals concentration. The concentration of available forms of all examined heavy metals in the soils and in tomato fruits were low, although the total concentration of hazardous heavy metals Ni and Cr in soils exceeded the maximum permissible values, prescribed by legislative rules in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The reasons for the low uptake of heavy metals by tomato plants are mainly related to the chemical properties of soil which are not favorable for heavy metal availability. In addition, the results of this study also showed that the accumulation of all examined heavy metals especially Cr and Ni were much higher in the roots than in the fruits. The low accumulation of heavy metals in tomato fruits is the result of synergy of different plant defense mechanisms that limiting or reducing heavy metal transport from root to fruits.

Access to orphan drugs (In EU regulation Orphan Drugs are refered as Orphan Medi- cinal Products (OMP)) is a key role in determining whether patients with rare diseases (RDs) will receive adequate and efficient treatment. The objective of this article is to identify differences in patient access to orphan drugs in 3 pharmaceutical markets: Serbia, Croatia and Macedonia. Patient access was defined: as the market access (availability) and affordability (financial accessibility). We analysed the legislative requirements for the authorisation process and made a cross country comparison. Retrospective cross-sectional analysis was done on drug lists in selected countries and a cross-comparison between the List of Orphan Drugs in Europe (LODE) for a six-month period (May 2014-October 2014). We included all 179 OMPs marketed in EU in our analysis, which had received market authorization in Croatia upon its membership in the EU. Total number of marketed drugs in Serbia was 59 (32.96%) drugs and in Macedonia 52 (29.05%) drugs. However, market authorization does not guarantee patient access to any given drug, so only 39.11% of OMPs could be accessed by Croatian patients (70 drugs).The number of refunded drugs in Serbia and Macedonia was smaller (32 and 20, respectively) which makes respectively, 17.88% and 11.17% of drugs on the LODE. The present study showed some variations between countries in selected indicators of availability and access to orphan drugs. Patients in Croatia had greater number of registered and refunded drugs, but in Serbia more than a half of registered OMPs could be refunded from National Health Insurance Fund. Macedonia had smaller number of inhabitants and also had the smaller number of patients from certain RDs which results in lower total number of OMPs. Acta Medica Medianae 2018;57(4):43-51. (OMP), affordability, availability, rare diseases, legislative requirements

Explosive forming appeared at the end of the 19th century as unconventional technology that provides new methods to get workpieces with bigger dimensions and complex geometries. As a source of energy this technology uses explosives. Explosive, as such, is relatively inexpensive and theoretically with it, it is possible to get any amount of energy that is needed. Explosive forming is used with other technologies such as deep drawing, expansion of pipes, welding etc. One of the main explosive characteristics is the velocity of detonation that can be determined, inter alia, with the Dautrich method. This paper clarifies the method and gives a case study with explosive Vitezit 20.

A CMOS controllable constant-power source suitable for thermal-based sensor applications is presented in this paper. It is based on the resistive mirror method. The stability of the proposed controllable constant-power source is not dependent on either the load resistance or the generated power. A generated power dynamic range of 46.2 (33.3 dB), a load resistance dynamic range of 5 (14 dB), a voltage efficiency of 0.81, and a relative error of the generated power less than 2.3 %, with a single supply voltage of 10 V have been measured. The stability test has been carried out using the resistive load in a pulse mode operation confirming the predictions of the analysis performed. In addition, a figure of merit is introduced in order to improve the quality of the performance comparison among the state-of-the-art in the area of controllable constant-power sources.

Ovo istraživanje obuhvaća opažanja fenološke varijabilnosti od 28 provenijencija hrasta lužnjaka u bosansko­hercegovačkom pokusu provenijencija u Žepču. Pokus je baziran na slučajnom blok sustavu sa tri (3) ponavljanja, gdje je svaka provenijencija u svakom bloku predstavljena sa 36 biljaka, osim provenijencija Drvar, Mutnica, Zvornik i Vinac, koje su djelomično zastupljene u pokusu. Proces listanja praćen je tijekom 2012. i 2013. godine, od kraja ožujka do početka svibnja. Praćeno je pet (5) fenofaza listova koje su za hrast kitnjak razradili Derory i dr. (2006.). Analiza fenoloških faza pokazala je da postoje statistički značajne razlike između ispitivanih provenijencija. Razlike su potvrđene za početak, trajanje i završetak pojedinih fenoloških faza listanja između provenijencija, što ukazuje na genetsku varijabilnost između populacija i zavisnost fenoloških faza od vremenskih uvjeta. U ovom istraživanju nije bilo moguće napraviti razliku između provenijencija na osnovi najranijeg pojavljivanja faza. Provenijencija Bijeljina nešto ranije ulazi u fazu B u 2012. godini, dok u 2013. godini u fazu B ulazi u isto vrijeme kao i ostale provenijencije. Provenijencija Bosanska Dubica kasni s ulaskom u sve faze u obje godine, i kašnjenje u odnosu na ostale provenijencije u prosjeku iznosi 7-10 dana. S obzirom na lokaciju populacije Bosanska Dubica u planinskim uvjetima možemo pretpostaviti da se radi o kasnoj formi. Dobiveni rezultati već sada mogu biti korišteni u programu oplemenjivanja hrasta lužnjaka, kao i u očuvanju genetske varijabilnosti uz pomoć in situ i ex situ metoda. Dobivene rezultate treba koristiti za planiranje, repopulaciju i reintrodukciju hrasta lužnjaka u Bosni i Hercegovini. Ovo istraživanje treba nastaviti kako bi se dobila detaljnija slika o fenologiji hrasta lužnjaka i utvrdila eventualna prisutnost ranih i kasnih formi, uzimajući u obzir i učinke klimatoloških uvjeta.

The paper presents an analysis of the key processes in the field of adult education in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) referring to its socialist past and current tendencies dominantly motivated by the country’s aspiration towards accession to the European Union (EU). Any effort to offer a systematic overview of the history of adult education in BiH faces ambiguity and a lack of systematic data. Unlike other parts of the education system where historical accounts are to a certain extent preserved and subject to scholarly studies and investigations, adult education in BiH seems to be a field without a documented past. Based on critical discourse analysis, the paper intends to unravel the intricate socio-political texture that has shaped the key themes in adult education both in the country’s socialist past and its democratic present. The results of the analysis indicate several quite clear patterns: (a) the ambiguous treatment of the socialist past, from romanticising to annihilating its achievements and arrangements; (b) the rise of private institutions in adult education in the post-socialist period and the diversification of the education on offer; and (c) tensions between aspirations towards global and European trends on the one hand and insistence on localisation in terms of shaping adult education policy on the other.  

Carbon nanotube-based field-effect transistors (NTFETs) are ideal sensor devices as they provide rich information regarding carbon nanotube interactions with target analytes and have potential for miniaturization in diverse applications in medical, safety, environmental, and energy sectors. Herein, we investigate chemical detection with cross-sensitive NTFETs sensor arrays comprised of metal nanoparticle-decorated single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). By combining analysis of NTFET device characteristics with supervised machine-learning algorithms, we have successfully discriminated among five selected purine compounds, adenine, guanine, xanthine, uric acid, and caffeine. Interactions of purine compounds with metal nanoparticle-decorated SWCNTs were corroborated by density functional theory calculations. Furthermore, by testing a variety of prepared as well as commercial solutions with and without caffeine, our approach accurately discerns the presence of caffeine in 95% of the samples with 48 features using a linear discriminant analysis and in 93.4% of the samples with only 11 features when using a support vector machine analysis. We also performed recursive feature elimination and identified three NTFET parameters, transconductance, threshold voltage, and minimum conductance, as the most crucial features to analyte prediction accuracy.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the soil physical and biological properties in an integrated crop-livestock system (ICLS), with or without cattle grazing, in different seasons. The experiment was carried out in the Cerrado biome, in Brazil, in a Rhodic Eutrudox. The treatments consisted of grazing areas ( Urochloa ruziziensis ) at 0.25, 0.35, and 0.45 m heights (with soybean cultivation after grazing) and of nongrazed areas. The ICLS had no negative effects on soil bulk density, total porosity, macroporosity, and microporosity. After ICLS implementation, the values of soil bulk density decreased, and those of soil macroporosity increased, in the grazed and nongrazed areas. However, after three years, bulk density and macroporosity were reestablished to values similar to those before ICLS implementation. Soil penetration resistance was higher in the ICLS, mainly at 0.00–0.05 m soil depth. After four years, ICLS promoted the increase of microbial biomass C and N and the reduction of the metabolic quotient. The microbial biomass carbon and the metabolic quotient were related to the weighted mean diameter. ICLS benefits to soil physical and biological properties are associated with adequate ICLS implementation, adequate grazing height (0.35 m), and maintenance of soil cover.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the teaching of sanitary surveillance in undergraduate nursing courses in Brazil, seeking to know how this theme is addressed during the training of nurses. METHOD The universe of study was composed of Political-Pedagogical Projects, syllabi and curricula of nursing undergraduate courses from Brazilian public institutions. The quantitative analysis was developed through descriptive and inferential statistics, and for the qualitative part, a software was used to analyze the documents. RESULTS A total of 153 public institutions' websites were analyzed. Of these, only 98 presented a Political-Pedagogical Project, a syllabus or a curriculum for on-line consultation, and only 2.04% of these programs had a specific discipline focused on teaching sanitary surveillance. CONCLUSION The findings indicate that the contents related to the teaching of sanitary surveillance in nursing courses of public higher education institutions in Brazil, when present, are inserted, mostly, in other curricular components.