Content of total phenols and total anthocyanins was estimated in edible fruits from Bosnia by photometric methods. Cyanidin-3-galactoside chloride was used as a standard for determination of total anthocyanins, and galic acid served as a standard for determination of total phenols. Total content of phenols was 12.7 mg/g in elderberry fruits, 10.4 mg/g in bilberry, 9.8 mg/g in blackberry, 8.8 mg/g in wild cherry, 6.1 mg/g in cultivated blackberry, 3.5 mg/g in cultivated strawberry, 2.4 mg/g in average in sour cherry fruits from different locations and the lowest quantity of total phenols was in edible parts of melon, only 0.2 mg/g. Total content of anthocyanins was 6.8 mg/g in wild cherry, 6.7 mg/g in elderberry fruits and 4.5 mg/g in bilberry. Wild bilberry fruits from different locations had in average 3.5 mg/g, cherries from different locations 1.3 mg/g, cultivated blackberries 1.0 mg/g, cultivated strawberries 0.8 mg/g while melon fruit had no anthocyanins at all. Acidity was measured in macerate of edible fruits by direct insertion of electrode. pH values in the macerates were as follows: 3.03 in bilberry, 3.45 in blackberries, 3.59 in sour cherries, 3.92 in wild cherries, 4.44 in elderberries and 6.19 in melon.

Neutral red is a dye the azine structure which has been used as an acido-base indicator and a dye in histochemistry. In 1960 Goldhaber introduced Neutral red into the medium of resorbing bone cultures to localize the osteoclast in the living cultures. Using time-lapse microcinematography in order to follow the osteoclasts, he reported excellent contrast could be obtained with Neutral red due to the avidity of osteoclasts for this dye. Unfortunately, however, the photodynamic effect resulting from subsequent exposure of these cultures to light precluded this approach, and again in 1963. it was observed that the death of the osteoclasts was probably due to a photodynamic effect related to the dye in the cell, the presence of oxygen and the frequent exposure of light by our time-lapse photography. VIS and UV irradiation induced photolysis of Neutral red, and from Neutral red cation produced with photons a Neutral red radical. This Neutral red radical can be inhibited with action of an antioxidant, such as melatonin, glutathione, ascorbic acid, E vitamin, etc. We developed an assay with Neutral red photolysis which utilizes a VIS and UV irradiation technique for quantification the inhibition of photolysis with action of an antioxidant. In this method Neutral red acts double, as a free radical generator and as a photosensitizer.

Weight gain is common adverse effect associated with the use of most typical and atypical antipsychotic. Aim of this study was to investigate plasma lipids, lipoproteins and some hormones levels during olanzapine treatment in patients with psychosis. The study population comprised twenty nine patients (29) diagnosed with psychosis and eleven patients (11) with endogenous depression. Plasma cholesterol, triglicerides, phospholipids, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) and apolipoprotein B (Apo B), and hormones - prolactin, cortisol, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone and estradiol were measured by auto-analyzer and by classic photometric methods. All measurements were performed before and during one-year treatment with olanzapine and antidepressant. Treatment of the schizophrenic patients with olanzapine caused a great metabolic impact that is primarily expressed in body mass, cholesterol increase and statistically significant rise of BMI, respectively. Body mass increase could be explained by the fact that olanzapine blocked not only dopaminergic, serotonergic, cholinergic, alpha-adrenergic but histaminergic receptors as well.

The term of biogenic amine is an umbrella term that encompasses all amines with an origin in biological processes. This review will be restricted to the biogenic amine abnormalities that affect the metabolism of the catecholamines and serotonin mostly in patients with phaeochromocytoma and carcinoid syndrome, and the inborn errors that primarily affect their metabolism. An idea is also developed that proposes that abnormalities of biogenic amine metabolism are far more common than is currently considered, and that the search for these problems may be appropriate in any neonate or children who presents with neurological problems of unknown origin. Correction of the abnormal neurochemical pattern could predict treatment efficacy. This review article holds the reference values and metabolic ratio of catecholamines, serotonin and their metabolites in the serum, cerebrospinal fluids and urine for healthy persons and values and metabolic ratio of catecholamines, serotonin and their metabolites in patients with phaeochromocytoma and carcinoids syndrome.

Weight gain is a common adverse effect associated with the use of most typical and atypical antipsychotic. Aim of this study was to investigate serum prolactin, leptin, cholesterol, triglyceride, lipoproteins, such high density lipoprotein (HDL), and low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD)-related psychosis during long-term medication with atypical antipsychotic. The study population comprised 40 patients, who were divided into 4 groups: olanzapine (n=10), risperidone (n=10), seroquel (n=10) monotherapy, a group of 10 patients receiving only antiparkinson drugs and a control group of 8 healthy persons. The patients were evaluated at baseline and at the sixth and twelfth week according to the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), body mass index (BMI), and fasting serum prolactin, leptin, lipids and lipoproteins levels. Treatment of patients with olanzapine caused marked increase of serum LDL, cholesterol, triglyceride, and leptin levels (p<0,02). No changes in HDL concentrations. There was positive relationship between serum leptin, lipid levels and BMI. However, treatment of patients with seroquel did not cause changes in serum prolactin, leptin, lipids, and lipoproteins levels. Our results suggest that treatment of patients with PD-related psychosis with seroquel appears to have minimal influence on serum leptin, prolactin, lipids, lipoproteins and BMI compared with olanzapine and risperidone.