Abstract This research was carried out in the locality of Dubljani in Popovo Polje, which is one of a series of typical Dinaric karstic poljes situated within the Mediterranean part of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Previous research has shown that the Mediterranean part of Bosnia and Herzegovina has the largest surplus and deficit of water at the same time. Because of this, we wanted to explore how much of the water goes to drainage runoff, and then how slope affects the surface runoff. The ultimate goal was to find a way to conserve water and prevent erosion in these natural conditions. Precipitation, drainage runoff, surface runoff and soil erosion were measured at the agro-hydrological station during the experimental period with the goal of understanding the problem of water erosion intensity. In order to study the relationship between precipitation and drainage runoff, six lysimeters with different soil depths were installed (1.3 m, 1.0 m, 0.5 m, 0.3 m and one karst simulation). In addition, six metal cassettes were set up and filled with the same soil used by the lysimeters to simulate inclinations of 1, 5 and 10%, involving both bare and grass-covered soil (Lolium perenne L., Poa pratensis L., Festuca rubra var. fallax Thuill., Dactylis glomerata L., Trifolium repens L., Trifolium pratense L.), and the total water runoff and soil erosion were monitored. The results indicate large differences in the agro-hydrological budget between bare rocky soil and loamy-clayey soils of different depths. The drainage runoff coefficient during the first year ranged from 0.33 in deep soil to 0.50 in shallow soil, while in the second year it ranged from 0.38 to 0.58. The results of the drainage runoff coefficient for the bare karst was higher than 0.70 during both years. The results of the measurement of the total surface runoff and soil erosion indicate that the impact of inclination can be mitigated by grass cover. The surface runoff measurements during the 2 years for both bare and covered soil at the same inclinations show a reduction in the surface runoff from 32 to 86%. The reduction of erosion in covered soil compared to bare soil ranged from 55 to 75%in the first year, while in the second year, erosion in the covered soil was almost completely stopped (a reduction of > 95%). This study shows a huge impact of soil cover on the agrohydrological budget where runoff potential increases with soil depth. Moreover, the results confirm the role of vegetation role in reducing runoff and soil erosion, which is important for better conservation of moisture in the soil. In future research, attention should be paid to the seasonal character of erosional processes.

The polluting effects of organic farm wastes can occur in a number of different ways and therefore require a broad range of approaches to control. For example, all watercourses (notably lakes, ponds, rivers, streams and field ditches) adjacent to the production, storage or application of organic wastes are potentially at risk of point source pollution. This risk is different from the diffuse pollution that occurs when the microbial breakdown of manure applied to the soil occurs out of phase with the N uptake of a growing crop and leads to nitrate leaching. Bosnia and Herzegovina is divided into basic river basins as follows: Una, Vrbas, Bosna and Drina flow to the Sava River, which drains into the Danube, while the Neretva, Trebisnjica and Cetina flow to the Adriatic Sea. The biggest emission of organic pollution, then nitrogen and phosphorous is from the Bosna River basin (around 20%). This is followed by Una (15%), Sava (13%), Drina (12.5%), and Vrbas (around 10%). About 30% of above mentioned pollutants goes to the catchment of Adriatic Sea. The spatial distribution of emission is in accordance with the size of the river basin, and the size of the river basin is in accordance with other parameters (population, agricultural activities, cattle-breeding). Exceptions are the river basins of Sava and Ukrina with a bigger concentration of population and more intensive agricultural activities.

Basic principles, methodological approach to the CORINE Land Cover database–revision and correction of the CORINE 2000 (the first inventory) and preparation of the CLC2006 database are shown. The CORINE Land Cover 2006 project in Bosnia and Herzegovina (CLC2000 and CLC2006) is used as a main source of data in this paper. Special attention will be given to the metodological approach in identifying land use changes, land cover between 2000-2006. Bearing in mind that land use changes have been produced by using GIS technology, this work present GIS as a tool, while various possibilities of this tool regarding data analysis presented as well. The possibility of using the CORINE 2006 in land use planning processes in B&H is presented.

Agriculture is both a cause and a victim of climate change. Most of the emissions of methane and nitrogen suboxide in the Western Balkans comes from agriculture. Increased temperature, reduced total precipitation, increased number of summer days, extended period between the last spring and first autumn frost, increased sum of active air temperature above 10°C, are just some of the effects of climate change in the area of the Western Balkan countries.