This paper investigates the application of Adaptive Fuzzy PID Control in the context of car control using a bilateral teleoperator. A bilateral teleoperator allows the operator to operate a remote car using his own controls and at the same time receive feedback on the car’s condition. The goal of the research is the analysis and comparison of different control methods, including PID controller, Adaptive Fuzzy PID controller, and the use of energy and wave variables of the bilateral teleoperator. The paper presents a car control model by means of a bilateral teleoperator, which was implemented in a simulation environment. Then performance comparisons of different control methods were made. The PID controller was used as the basic method, while the Adaptive Fuzzy PID controller was additionally included to achieve system adaptivity. Also, the use of energy and wave variables of the bilateral teleoperator was additionally investigated. The results of the comparison show that the use of bilateral teleoperator wave variables gave the best response of the control system. The analysis of signal waveforms and frequencies enabled more precise monitoring of the car’s condition and the detection of possible problems or instability in the system. This knowledge can be of great importance for improving the performance of car control by means of a bilateral teleoperator.

This article introduces a method for detecting liquids over long distances that is based on measuring the difference in the detected reflected power from the end of a conventional single-mode fiber in different mediums. The power of reflected light is affected by the medium outside the fiber, as well as the maximum distance between the sensor end and the detector. The proposed approach was tested on a length of 3.01 km. An investigation of the greatest distance with commercially available laser diodes (MQW - DFB) and a PIN diode is provided; remote measurements at distances more than 34 km are theoretically possible in ideal conditions. We found that the usage of reflecting connectors is the primary constraint in obtaining theoretically calculated distances.

The main aim of the paper is modeling and simulation of fiber optic transmission. It also deals with ways to increase the capacity of fiber optic transmission links by using WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing) system. The parameters of the fiber optic transmission link were measured on a real optical transmission links and a model for simulation was set up. A simulation of increasing the capacity of a fiber optic transmission link was made in two ways. The first one is to increase the transmission speeds of the individual channels of the WDM system, and the second one is to increase the number of WDM system channels with lower individual speeds. The simulation results showed that the second method provides better quality of WDM service. The additional experiment was done on an existing ITU T G.655 optical fiber intended for WDM systems whose parameters were measured. Bit error rate and Q parameter for WDM system of 4 and 16 channel was used to check quality of proposed solution.

Fiber optics has revolutionized telecommunication with its superior bandwidth and distance it can span. For its use in IoT networks, some of the limiting factors are the high cost of new installations and the need to power the end device by electrical current. The installations are a part of long-term investments, and one can expect this to be an ever-smaller issue as more fibers are installed. Typically, the newly installed cables contain single-mode fibers. There are a lot of reports on transport of power over fiber, however, majority recommend using multi-mode fibers with a large core or double-clad fibers. In our approach, instead of increasing the core of the fiber, we focus on the possibility of shortening the working time of IoT devices, using the existing single-mode fiber for powering. Also, instead of an expensive PV (photo voltaic) cell with small dimensions and a high efficiency, we propose using the commercially available larger PV cells with an air gap between the end of the fiber and the cells. In accordance with our approach, we successfully conducted an experiment.