AIM This study was focused on the isolation and characterization of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from human dental pulp (DPSC). METHODS The study was performed in the Department for Oral and Cranio-Maxillo- Facial Surgey Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar and Weill Cornell Medical Colleague Doha, Qatar, in period 2010-2011. Dental pulp was extracted from premolars and third molars of 19 healthy patients. The pulp was digested in a solution of 3 mg/mL collagenase type I and 4 mg/mL dispase for 1 hour at 37C. After filtration, cells were cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM Low Glucoses) with 20% Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS), 2mM L-glutamine and antibiotics (100 U/mL penicillin, 100 ug/mL streptomycin) at 37 °C under 5% CO2. Cultures were treated with osteoinductive medium for differentiation MSC in to the osteoblast cell line. Staining with Alizarin red were used for the detection of the osteoblast production and calcification new formed tissue. RESULTS On the total of three out of 19 patients it was possible to isolate DPMSCs after 2 to 3 weeks: in one patient it was not possible to expand MSCs because of infection, and in other two patients positive Alizarin red staining reaction showed osteogenic differentiation capability and strong mineralization in vitro. CONCLUSION The main advantage of using DPSC is absence of morbidity. MSCs could be isolated noninvasively from teeth, routinely extracted in the clinic and discarded as medical waste. Standardization of clinical and laboratory protocols for DPMSCs isolation and team work coordination could lead to significantly improved result.

Original article 1 Mean platelet volume predicts the glycemic control deterioration in diabetes mellitus type 2 patients 36 Can a finding of cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials contribute to vestibular migraine diagnostics? 50 Does odor and taste identification change during hyperemesis gravidarum? 62 Factors affecting mortality in emergency surgery in cases of complicated colorectal cancer ABSTRACT Aim To investigate association of mean platelet volume (MPV) and glycemic control markers, and whether MPV could be used as a predictor of deterioration of glucoregulation in Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2) patients. Methods The cross-sectional study included 106 DMT2 patients, treated at the Primary Health Care Centre in Zenica, distributed into groups according to glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) values: A (n=44, HbA1c ≤7.0%) and B (n=62, HbA1c>7.0%). Spearman's correlation coefficients were calculated to evaluate the relationships between MPV and glycemic control markers. Binomial logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the relationship between glycemic control, as dichotomous outcome, and MPV as the main predictor. Diagnostic value of MPV as a marker for poor glucoregulation was estimated by using ROC analysis. Results Mean platelet volume was significantly higher in the group B compared to the group A (p<0.0005). Significant positive correlations of MPV with fasting blood glucose and HbA1c were found in the total sample (rho=0.382, p<0.0005; rho=0.430, p<0.0005, respectively). Mean platelet volume was positively associated with the risk of inadequate glycemic control, with 2 times increased odds of inadequate glycemic control per femtoliter The area under ROC curve for MPV was 0.726 (95% CI: =0.628-0.823, p <0.0005). At the best cutoff value 9.55 fL, MPV showed sensitivity of 82% and specificity of 54.5%. Conclusion Mean platelet volume correlates with glycemic control markers in DMT2 patients. It could be used as a simple and cost-effective predictor of deterioration of glucoregulation.

Bone marrow mesenchymal cells have been identified as a source of pluripotent stem cells with multipotential potential and differentiation in to the different cells types such as are osteoblast, chondroblast, adipoblast. In this research we describe pioneering experiment of tissue engineering in Bosnia and Herzegovina, of the isolation and differentiation rat bone marrow stromal cells in to the osteoblast cells lineages. Rat bone marrow stromal cells were isolated by method described by Maniatopulos using their plastic adherence capatibility. The cells obtained by plastic adherence were cultured and serially passaged in the osteoinductive medium to differentiate into the osteocytes. Bone marrow samples from rats long bones used for isolation of stromal cells (BMSCs). Under determinate culture conditions BMSCs were differentiated in osteogenic cell lines detected by Alizarin red staining three weeks after isolation. BMSCs as autologue cells model showed high osteogenetic potential and calcification capatibility in vitro. In future should be used as alternative method for bone transplantation in Regenerative Medicine.

During this research, it has been established that in Sarajevo area, there is a high prevalence of children suffering from bronchitis and asthma. The number of diseased children has tripled in the period of ten years. Though there is no clear evidence, it is indicative that there is a correlation between air quality and the number of diseased.

Definition of the problem: The term pregnancies with adverse outcome including spontaneous abortion, stillbirth and birth with congenital anomalies. Material and Methods: We analyzed pregnancies with adverse outcome in the Zenicko-Dobojski Canton during the period 2006-2009. The materials used during research, were regular statistical reports of the Department of Gynecology, perinatology and neonatology Cantonal Hospital in Zenica, and reports of the Institute for Public Health Zenicko-Dobojski Canton. Following data was taken from the histories of subjects: general outcome of pregnancy (considered as a successful and unsuccessful pregnancy, in particular the total number of abortions, stillbirths and births of children with anomalies), mother age, women who underwent amniocentesis and those that needed to be done , previous significant pregnancy illnesses, family history, father’s age. For the statistical analysis, we used relative numbers, determine the arithmetic mean and standard deviation. Research results: Show that 19.25% of pregnancies ended with an adverse outcome in the Zenicko-Dobojski Canton in the three years studied. Of these, most spontaneous abortions, 73.4% were related to women with an age of 20-35. Looking at the results of research in 2009. the most outstanding figures was that only 12.5% of pregnant women had regular checkups. The largest number of the unemployed and housewives with primary and secondary schools. Of these women 16.4% had other illnesses (hypertensive disease in pregnancy and diabetes mellitus). The previous pregnant women had abortions 36.7% and 8% had recurrent habitual abortions. Of these 25% were primipare. Smokers were 12.4%. Conclusions: Our results show that the number of pregnancies with an adverse outcome increases with the number of previous spontaneous abortions. Because of irregular pregnancy checkups we have a low amniocentesis uptake and a lack of genetic consultations which should be of high interest for a gynecologist and perinatologist in certain cases.

Bone marrow contains cell type termed mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), first recognized in bone marrow by a German pathologist, Julius Cohnheim in 1867. That MSCs have potential to differentiate in vitro in to the various cells lines as osteoblast, chondroblast, myoblast and adipoblast cells lines. Aims of our study were to show in vivo capacity of bone marrow MSC to produce bone in surgically created non critical size mandible defects New Zeland Rabbits, and then in second part of study to isolate in vitro MSC from bone marrow, as potential cell transplantation model in bone regeneration. In vivo study showed new bone detected on 3D CT reconstruction day 30, on all 3 animals non critical size defects, treated with bone marrow MSC exposed to the human Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7 (rhBMP-7). Average values of bone mineral density (BMD), was 530 mg/cm3, on MSC treated animals, and 553 mg/cm3 on control group of 3 animals where non critical size defects were treated with iliac crest autologue bone graft. Activity of the Alkaline Phosphatase enzyme were measurement on 0.5, 14, 21, 30 day and increased activity were detected day 14 on animals treated with bone marrow MSCs compared with day 30 on iliac crest treated animals. That results indicates strong osteoinduction activity of the experimental bone marrow MSCs models exposed to the rhBMP-7 factor Comparing ALP activity, that model showed superiorly results than control group. That result initiates us in opinion that MSCs alone should be alternative for the autolologue bone transplantation and in vitro study we isolated singles MSCs from the bone marrow of rat's tibia and femora and cultivated according to the method of Maniatopoulos et all. The small initial colonies of fibroblast like cells were photo-documented after 2 days of primary culture. Such isolated and cultivated MSCs in future studies will be exposed to the growth factors to differentiate in osteoblast and indicate their clinically potential as alternative for conventional medicine and autologue bone transplantation. That new horizons have potential to minimize surgery and patient donor morbidity, with more success treatment in bone regenerative and metabolism diseases.

BACKGROUND To identify the presence of schizophrenia among patients and their relatives, factors affecting duration and prognosis of the disease and other etiological factors related to schizophrenia. METHODS This retrospective, descriptive, analytical and epidemiological research, which was conducted at the Psychiatric hospital of the Clinical Center of the University of Sarajevo during 2007, covered randomly selected 100 hospitalized patients with schizophrenia according to diagnostic criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Diagnosis of schizophrenia among relatives was based on anamnesis- Structural Clinical Interview (SCID) and it was applied to confirm DSM-IV diagnosis of schizophrenia. RESULTS The presence of schizophrenia among patient relatives was the most important in etiology of schizophrenia (62%), and etiological factors were represented in 38 % of examinees (p=0,0001). Among relatives of examinees aged 20 - 30 years, schizophrenia was present in 37 (59.7%) cases. Schizophrenia among relatives caused earlier appearance of the disease. Duration of hospitalization of over 60 days was in the group of examinees which have the relatives with schizophrenia, 18 (29.0%); multiple hospitalizations were noted in the group of relatives in 40 (64.5%) cases; in one case (8.3%) traumatic experience was noted, in three (42.8%) acute stress, and in four 4 cases (28.6%) non-adequate living conditions. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study show that reversionary factors are responsible for inducing schizophrenia, which leads towards chronic course of the disease and worsened prognosis.