AIM This study was focused on the isolation and characterization of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from human dental pulp (DPSC). METHODS The study was performed in the Department for Oral and Cranio-Maxillo- Facial Surgey Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar and Weill Cornell Medical Colleague Doha, Qatar, in period 2010-2011. Dental pulp was extracted from premolars and third molars of 19 healthy patients. The pulp was digested in a solution of 3 mg/mL collagenase type I and 4 mg/mL dispase for 1 hour at 37C. After filtration, cells were cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM Low Glucoses) with 20% Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS), 2mM L-glutamine and antibiotics (100 U/mL penicillin, 100 ug/mL streptomycin) at 37 °C under 5% CO2. Cultures were treated with osteoinductive medium for differentiation MSC in to the osteoblast cell line. Staining with Alizarin red were used for the detection of the osteoblast production and calcification new formed tissue. RESULTS On the total of three out of 19 patients it was possible to isolate DPMSCs after 2 to 3 weeks: in one patient it was not possible to expand MSCs because of infection, and in other two patients positive Alizarin red staining reaction showed osteogenic differentiation capability and strong mineralization in vitro. CONCLUSION The main advantage of using DPSC is absence of morbidity. MSCs could be isolated noninvasively from teeth, routinely extracted in the clinic and discarded as medical waste. Standardization of clinical and laboratory protocols for DPMSCs isolation and team work coordination could lead to significantly improved result.

Original article 1 Mean platelet volume predicts the glycemic control deterioration in diabetes mellitus type 2 patients 36 Can a finding of cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials contribute to vestibular migraine diagnostics? 50 Does odor and taste identification change during hyperemesis gravidarum? 62 Factors affecting mortality in emergency surgery in cases of complicated colorectal cancer ABSTRACT Aim To investigate association of mean platelet volume (MPV) and glycemic control markers, and whether MPV could be used as a predictor of deterioration of glucoregulation in Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2) patients. Methods The cross-sectional study included 106 DMT2 patients, treated at the Primary Health Care Centre in Zenica, distributed into groups according to glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) values: A (n=44, HbA1c ≤7.0%) and B (n=62, HbA1c>7.0%). Spearman's correlation coefficients were calculated to evaluate the relationships between MPV and glycemic control markers. Binomial logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the relationship between glycemic control, as dichotomous outcome, and MPV as the main predictor. Diagnostic value of MPV as a marker for poor glucoregulation was estimated by using ROC analysis. Results Mean platelet volume was significantly higher in the group B compared to the group A (p<0.0005). Significant positive correlations of MPV with fasting blood glucose and HbA1c were found in the total sample (rho=0.382, p<0.0005; rho=0.430, p<0.0005, respectively). Mean platelet volume was positively associated with the risk of inadequate glycemic control, with 2 times increased odds of inadequate glycemic control per femtoliter The area under ROC curve for MPV was 0.726 (95% CI: =0.628-0.823, p <0.0005). At the best cutoff value 9.55 fL, MPV showed sensitivity of 82% and specificity of 54.5%. Conclusion Mean platelet volume correlates with glycemic control markers in DMT2 patients. It could be used as a simple and cost-effective predictor of deterioration of glucoregulation.

Trismus is the inability to normally open the mouth. Inflammation of soft tissue around impacted third molar tooth is the most common cause of trismus. Other causes include tetanus, inflammation of muscles of mastication, peritonsillar abscess, temporomandibular joint disorders, as a temporary side effect of many stimulants of the sympathetic nervous system and some recreational drugs. Trismus is an anesthetic challenge particularly for airway management. If general anesthesia is induced, difficult ventilation and/or intubation may lead to morbidity or mortality 1-5. We present the case of a patient with a trismus who was in need of incision and drainage and tooth extraction. The case report has been approved for publication from the IRB (HMC, DOHA, QATAR).

Bone marrow mesenchymal cells have been identified as a source of pluripotent stem cells with multipotential potential and differentiation in to the different cells types such as are osteoblast, chondroblast, adipoblast. In this research we describe pioneering experiment of tissue engineering in Bosnia and Herzegovina, of the isolation and differentiation rat bone marrow stromal cells in to the osteoblast cells lineages. Rat bone marrow stromal cells were isolated by method described by Maniatopulos using their plastic adherence capatibility. The cells obtained by plastic adherence were cultured and serially passaged in the osteoinductive medium to differentiate into the osteocytes. Bone marrow samples from rats long bones used for isolation of stromal cells (BMSCs). Under determinate culture conditions BMSCs were differentiated in osteogenic cell lines detected by Alizarin red staining three weeks after isolation. BMSCs as autologue cells model showed high osteogenetic potential and calcification capatibility in vitro. In future should be used as alternative method for bone transplantation in Regenerative Medicine.

Bone marrow contains cell type termed mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), first recognized in bone marrow by a German pathologist, Julius Cohnheim in 1867. That MSCs have potential to differentiate in vitro in to the various cells lines as osteoblast, chondroblast, myoblast and adipoblast cells lines. Aims of our study were to show in vivo capacity of bone marrow MSC to produce bone in surgically created non critical size mandible defects New Zeland Rabbits, and then in second part of study to isolate in vitro MSC from bone marrow, as potential cell transplantation model in bone regeneration. In vivo study showed new bone detected on 3D CT reconstruction day 30, on all 3 animals non critical size defects, treated with bone marrow MSC exposed to the human Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7 (rhBMP-7). Average values of bone mineral density (BMD), was 530 mg/cm3, on MSC treated animals, and 553 mg/cm3 on control group of 3 animals where non critical size defects were treated with iliac crest autologue bone graft. Activity of the Alkaline Phosphatase enzyme were measurement on 0.5, 14, 21, 30 day and increased activity were detected day 14 on animals treated with bone marrow MSCs compared with day 30 on iliac crest treated animals. That results indicates strong osteoinduction activity of the experimental bone marrow MSCs models exposed to the rhBMP-7 factor Comparing ALP activity, that model showed superiorly results than control group. That result initiates us in opinion that MSCs alone should be alternative for the autolologue bone transplantation and in vitro study we isolated singles MSCs from the bone marrow of rat's tibia and femora and cultivated according to the method of Maniatopoulos et all. The small initial colonies of fibroblast like cells were photo-documented after 2 days of primary culture. Such isolated and cultivated MSCs in future studies will be exposed to the growth factors to differentiate in osteoblast and indicate their clinically potential as alternative for conventional medicine and autologue bone transplantation. That new horizons have potential to minimize surgery and patient donor morbidity, with more success treatment in bone regenerative and metabolism diseases.

BACKGROUND During Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) induced osteoblastogenesis and bone formation, strong vascularization is observed at the transition of preosteoblasts to mature osteoblasts. The cellular and molecular mechanisms that determine autonomous hematopoietic competence in the BMP induced osteoblastogenesis and angiogenesis have not been characterized yet. AIMS In the present study we investigated, whether rhBMP-7 in collagen as carrier (ACS) stimulates osteoblastogenesis have effect on the physiologic autonomous hematopoetic system and clinical condition on animal model. MATERIAL AND METHOD Study was' performed in the Clinic for Maxillofacial Surgery University Clinic Center Sarajevo from 2003 to 2004. Mandible hemiresection non-critical size created defect were treated with rhBMP7/ACS on 7 rabbits, and on other group of 7 defects were treated with autologues bone graft iliac crest. Biochemical and hematologist tests were performed measurement Alkaline Phosphates enzyme (ALP) activity and Erythrocytes (Er), Leukocytes (Le), Hematocrit(HCR) and Hemoglobin(Hg) count extracted from the periphery blood preoperative, 5, 14, 21, 30 day. RESULT ALP activity showed strong osteoinductive effect rhBMP-7 determinate with day 21 significance increased activity and on bone graft sites day 30. All hematologist values were in physiologic range on both groups. CONCLUSION Strong osteoinductive response rhBMP/ACS construct determinate by the higher value of the ALP enzyme didn't affect hematopoetic competence determinate by the Er. Le, HCR and Hg. counts parameters. Result indicated that BMP-inducedangiogenesis may thus be the result of BMP-induced secretion some angiogenetic factor locally from osteoblasts named Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF).

OBJECTIVE To obtain information on the feasibility of employing recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-7 (rhBMP-7), mixed with bone marrow as a substitute for autologous bone graft. METHODS We carried out the study in the University Clinic Center, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, from February 2002 to January 2004. Six New Zealand rabbits underwent hemiresection of the mandible. We placed rhBMP-7 in a concentration of 100 micrograms and collagen (ACS) as carrier mixed with bone marrow in the defects in 3 animals. In another group of 3, we restored the defect by placement of autologous bone graft harvested from the iliac crest. We evaluated the results by the activity of the alkaline phosphatase enzyme (ALP), CT assessment with bone mineral density (BMD) analysis, and clinical and histologic examinations. RESULTS The ALP activity was significantly higher after 14 days, in the rhBMP7/ACS sites than the bone graft sites (30th day). Mean BMD of tissue induced by rhBMP-7/ACS on the 30th day was 510 mg/cm3 in caudal, and 553 mg/cm3 in sagittal plane, and bone graft tissue was 510 mg/cm3 in caudal and 530 mg/cm3 in sagittal plane. Clinical inspection and histologic examination on the 60th day showed complete bridged defects with abundant woven bone in 2 of 3 rhBMP-7/ACS sites (67%), and no incorporation of the autologous bone graft into the other groups treated sites. CONCLUSION The rhBMP-7/ACS mixed with bone marrow was very effective in establishing complete bone regeneration into the defects, indicating that it could be an adequate alternative for autologous bone transplantation.