During war, especially in territories under siege, one of the biggest problems in survival of people is hunger [1]. Same was in surrounded Sarajevo, in Bosnia and Herzegovina, where inhabitants were kept in total blockage for over 1,400 days continuously. People lacked in all main ingredients, especially in flour, vegetables and fruits. First author of this study lived through all dreadful war occurrences and at the same time worked as an instructor in human survival by using edible wild plants. Parts of those experiences are provided in this study. Beside already achieved results, researches were continued during 1999-2004. By using method of ethno – botanical interview about 135 people of different sex and age were interviewed, in addition to field work, and determined were 124 species of wild plants. Out of 135 species, 240 parts were used (leafs, fruits, over ground parts) in making about 215 different preparations (salads, beverages, vegetable, spices, teas). Most plants had edibility rating 3, then 4 and 5 with distinguished nutritive and caloric values. Most important are the following: Taraxacum officinale, Plantago major, Urtica dioica, Malva sylvestris, Cichorium intybus, Arctium lappa, Tussilago farfara, Sedum telephium, Prunus spinosa, Cratagus monogyna and others. During winter, used were fruits of decorative species Chaenomeles japonica, Sempervivum tectorum and Sedum hispanica. As war progressed and hunger had more serious consequences, interest of all people became bigger for everything edible. This study proves that hunger is one of the strongest cohesion factors that unify different groups of people not only based on social, but on ethnical and ideological affiliations [2,3]. References: 1.Redzic, S.J. (2006). Ecology of Food and Nutrition, 45, 189-232. 2. Redzic, S.J. (2006). Ecology of Food and Nutrition, 45, 189-232. 3. Redzic, S. (1999). Pharmacia, 10, 28-41. Need to be returned to authors for further editing and revision.

All wars, historical and those in modern times, emphasize human nutrition as key issue [1]. Usually, conventional food is insufficient and people are trying to survive by using additional sources in wild plants, animals and mushrooms. Same situation was during the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992-95). During several seasons in 2000-2006, researches were conducted on use of edible mushrooms and lichens in survival of people in isolated war areas in eastern Bosnia region, where war activities were extremely difficult and followed by killings of civilians, exoduses and total blockages. 35 adults were interviewed, all of different sex and age, who spent war period in occupied zones. By using method of ethno–botanical interview and direct field work, determined were 15 species of mushrooms and 5 species of lichens that were used in human nutrition. Most used mushrooms were as follows: Lactarius piperatus, Morchella conica, Agaricus campester, Boletus edulis, Boletus sp., Cantharellus cibarius, Russula sp., Tricholoma sp. and others. Most used lichens were following species: Evernia prunastri and Lobaria pulmonaria for making mash and lichen flour. Mushrooms were grilled or boiled, and some species were even used raw. Noted were also mushroom poisonings. Even though mushrooms are not most common nutrition ingredient in these areas, people, including soldiers, were forced to use mushrooms and lichens in order to survive. This is a good example of the fact that hunger and fear of hunger and very strong factor in human survival [2, 3]. References: 1.Redzic, S.J. (2006). Ecology of Food and Nutrition, 45, 189-232. 2. Redzic, S. (1999). Pharmacia, 10, 28-41. 3. Redzic, S. (2006b). Proceedings of the 1st IFOAM International Conference on Organic Wild Production, Teslic, BiH, 2006, 117-141.

Aim of this study was to estimate how knee osteoarthritis (OA) affects the shape of femoral condyles by comparing the radiuses of condylar curves between healthy and OA knees. Seventeen female and five male patients with established diagnosis of knee OA were included in the study. Radiuses of medial and lateral condylar curves were calculated from the side view knee X-ray by original mathematical equation and compared to referent values of healthy knees, after adjusting to body height. The average radiuses of condylar curves were between 52.6 +/- 6.2 and 17.6 +/- 3.5 mm medially, and between 43.3 +/- 8.4 and 15.4 +/- 3.7 mm laterally for 0 degrees and 90 degrees femoral flexion contact points, respectively The OA knees had longer curve radiuses medially and laterally at 0 degrees, 10 degrees, and 20 degrees femoral flexion contact points in comparison to the healthy sample (P < 0.001; t-test). Our results suggest that the shape of the femoral condyles in OA knees is changed. It should be aware not only in researching of OA etiology, but also in designing of knee endoprostheses, in a manner to achieve better individual sizing.

Obesity is risk-factor for the most common nowdays diseases, as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, hypertension, some carcinomas, degenerative diseases of weight bearing joints (spine, hips, knees), and present a huge medical and social problem, as well. It causes not only somatic but mental problems as well, especially in females and younger persons. Some of them undergo risky weight reducing methods, surgical procedures, etc, to reduce their body weight and to release mentally stressing body deformities. Aim of the work is to quantify negative impaction of obesity on functionality of the knee, the key joint in everyday body activities (rising, standing, walking, and climbing). Study has analyzed 22 randomly chosen patients (5 male, 17 female) with strong degenerative alteration of the knee (osteoarthritis), who were treated on the Department for orthopedic and traumatology, Clinical center Sarajevo during 2005 and 2006. Average age was 63.6 +/- 10.6 (54-76) years, with Body Mass Index (level of obesity) 31.1 +/- 3.5 (27-38) points, and average duration of symptoms 9.1 +/- 7.4 (1-25) years. The knee functionality was assessed by Knee Society Knee Score (KSKS). Completely healthy knee has 200 points--50 points for pain free knee, 25 points for stabile knee, and forfull extension-flexion arch, both, 50 points for normal walking and stairs climbing, both. Average value of KSKS was 118.1 +/- 35.0 points. As it was expected, there were strong significant correlation between KSKS and age (r = -0.50, p = 0.015). The duration of disability correlated with KSKS (r = -0.5, p = 0.02), and level of pain (r = 0.60, p=0.00). The obesity has significantly increased level of pain in the knee (r = -0.44, p = 0.04), all patients were obese persons. Persons with reduced functional abilities avoid body activity, it causes increasing of obesity, and one makes other worse. Concerning on incidence of described problem and its impaction on society in general, it is necessary to make every effort in prevention and treatment of obesity, as important risk factor and consequence of reduced functional abilities and risk factor of most common nowadays diseases.

At the level of Europe and in the context of main Common Transport Policy guidelines, fundamental researches have been carried out with the aim of valorisation of the amount of external costs. More precise valorisation of external costs from the aspect of transport policy is a premise of more realistic determination of relations between revenues and expenses of the transport sector. However, for the implementation of the sustainable development concept, the current knowledge about the quality dimension of transport is sufficient, as well as approximate values of uncovered external costs. Economic evaluation of external transport costs should be in the function of a political regime of the transport system reforms and more effective transport policy. Achievement of the strategic objectives of transport development, depend on cross-sector interfaces in policy making. Paper deals with main issues of transport external costs assessment for European Union as well as CEI transition countries, EU White Papers conclusions on Common Transport Policy and transport policy areas kaleidoscope related to sustainability achievement.

In this study, we analyzed nutritional behavior of patients with lung cancer, especially vegetable and fruit intake, and smoking preceding the discase onset. Study was performed during 2002. Among study subjects there were more patients of age 25-64 (64%) than those older than 65 (36%). Lung cancer patients had less vegetable intake (217 g/day), less fruit intake (148 g/day) and less intake of yellow/green vegetables. Those patients were smokers (96%), 54% of them smoked 20 and more cigarettes per day and 65% of them have smoked for 30 or more years. Our results suggest that acceptance of right nutritional behavior and decrease in smoking could be relevant factors in prevention of the lung and other cancers.