Physical chemical milk is an emulsion of milk fat in an aqueous solution of proteins, milk sugar and mineral salts. The high molar conductivity of goat milk samples compared to cow's milk indicates a high content of mineral substances. That goat milk is rich in total proteins is also indicated by the protein content in the samples, which are higher than the cow's milk samples. However, higher fat content was recorded in cow's milk samples, which also results in higher surface tension of cow's milk. The freezing point and refractive index of goat milk are higher compared to literature data and cow milk samples. The acidity of goat's milk comes from the acidic properties of casein, citrate, phosphate, etc. it is lower than cow's milk and is in accordance with literature data. The viscosity of pasteurized goat's milk at all temperatures is also higher than that of cow's milk.

Using natural and modified Ca-bentonite as an adsorbent to observe a satisfactory trend in the removal of heavy metal ions As(V) and Hg(II) from simulated wastewaters. In this original scientific paper, Ca-bentonite was modified in two ways, thermally activated at a temperature of 300 °C for 3 hours and acid activated with HCl and H2SO4, molar concentrations 0,4 mol/L. Ca-bentonite used in this original scientific work was used from the Shipovo mine (Šipovo mine), Bosnia and Herzegovina and proved to be an excellent bioadsorbent for the removal of present ions from simulated wastewaters. Also this is eco-friendly adsorbent and low costed compared to other expensive adsorbents. Due to its chemical composition in which two oxides predominate, namely SiO2 (48.28 mass %) and Al2O3 (23.04 mass%), it can be concluded that Ca-bentonite from the Shipovo mine (Šipovo mine), Bosnia and Herzegovina belongs to the group of refractory materials. The highest removal efficiency of As(V) ions expressed in % was 75.11 at the initial concentration of 1.5 mg/L and was recorded using HCl acid-activated Ca-bentonite. The efficiency of Hg(II) ion removal was the highest using thermally activated Ca-bentonite and this value was 99.66% at an initial concentration of 1 mg/L.

Cement dust is created as a by-product during the production of cement, and in its composition it contains high concentrations of calcium oxide (CaO), potassium oxide (K2O) and other important micro and macro elements. Due to its composition, it is suitable for correcting the pH of the soil, as well as for the uptake of essential elements by plants. The ability to accumulate essential and non-essential heavy metals also depends on the cultivated plant species, and vegetables show the greatest affinity for these elements. The application of cement dust as a soil additive used to improve the physico-chemical soil properties is examined in the paper. After the addition, the soil was mechanically cultivated and planting of the vegetable crop tomato was carried out. The content of essential elements and heavy metals was determined in the soil, cement dust, and tomato fruits grown on soil with and without the addition of cement dust. Due to the high pH value, high conductivity as well as the high content of CaO, it is very important to examine in real conditions how the addition of cement dust to the soil affects the formation of micro and macro elements as well as the content of heavy metals when growing tomatoes. The results showed that the cement kiln dust is an effective addition to the soil because it is a source of calcium, potassium and other essential elements without affecting the loss of quality or contamination with heavy metals during production.

pH represents the concentration of free H+ in pine needles extracts (PNE) and is therefore an important initial parameter in quality control. Electrical conductivity and pH of samples of fresh and stored for 20 days of PNE with black cumin oil and olive oil had values of 0.00 due to the encapsulation of water molecules, pH and electrical conduction was not possible. The pH of the other samples was in a weakly acidic environment because the pH of natural pine needles is 3.8. Electrical conductivity values in all samples except pine needle extract and honey increased during storage. By monitoring the parameters of pH and electrical conductivity in the quality control of PNE, it gives us a significant insight into the physical state of the phases and the way of storage.