In this paper we consider a generalized length spectrum in the case of compact symmetric spaces generated as quotients of the special linear group of order four over real numbers. While the classical length spectrum is given as an estimate for a yes function counting prime geodesics of appropriate length, its generalized form is usually represented by a higher order counting function of Chebyshev type. Our goal is to prove that the error term that appears in the classical case in this setting can be significantly improved when derived via analogous, generalized apparatus.

In this paper, we consider the remainder in a weighted form of the length spectrum for compact Riemann surfaces of genus greater than or equal to two. Earlier, we conducted a similar research where we applied the Cauchy residue theorem over two different square boundaries, one of which intersected the corresponding critical line, and some, quite complex estimates for the logarithmic derivative of the associated zeta functions of Selberg and Ruelle. The main goal of this paper is to achieve the same length spectrum with the same remainder as in our previous study, but in a much simpler way.

Summary A word, a term, written or spoken is the most beautiful jewel that a civilization can make. It can be therefore said that the specialized terminology of a particular profession – is its jewel. This professional jewel, specialized terminology, reflects not only its present time but also all the past ages it was developed through into a jewel of a culture and its civilizational value. This also applies to the specialized terminology of physical culture that is, the terminology of physical education and sport. It is also the jewel which reflects the present and the past; its developmental path that has always been adjusted to the social circumstances and time it has existed in. Its terminology can provide insight into its development, rises and falls, turns to the prevailing ’’noble’’ ideas, inflow of foreign words into the body of the specialized terminology. Development of the specialized terminology for physical culture that is, physical education and sport includes not only deep consideration and proficiency but also good intentions to make improvements to the profession and not to the current geopolitical (in)conveniences. It is therefore very important to emphasize that search and selection of a term which can indeed reflect the conceptual content in question is neither easy nor automatic. Moreover, if a good intention is missing, then various problems in communication can occur. The Latins described it very well: Nomen est omen. Doubts about terms: physical culture – sport, physical education – sport education, physical exercising – physical activity, physical recreation – sport recreation are just some of the examples indicating that it is necessary to continue the development of the multilingual specialized terminology dictionary for our profession.

Abstract The subject of this research are the demographic trends and the educational system of the Republic of Srpska. The aim of the research is to define the concepts required to comprehend the demographic trends and to explore their implications for the educational system of the Republic of Srpska. In order to establish sustainable development in the Republic of Srpska, education being a key component therein, it is necessary to perceive its demographic resources in order to create an educational system. By means of empirical research with a presentation of results through factor and cluster analysis, generated quantitative and qualitative indices of demographic resources, particularly in the educational system. The Republic of Srpska as a whole belongs to type D, featuring poor demographic resources and characteristics, as well as prominent demographic disparities regarding spatial development. However, in order to increase the coverage, relevance and efficiency of completion of the education process, it is necessary to determine the strategic commitments to be accomplished together with certain quantitative demographic indicators of the achievement level (educational coverage of different generations). Demographic changes will pose a major challenge for policy makers and to the society in general across the upcoming decades and will require shaping new economic, tax, health, pension, educational, social, family and other policies that affect demographic changes. The research endeavour in this paper focuses on that very aspect, together with the respective applicative capabilities.

Roadway free-flow speed captures the typical vehicle speed in low traffic conditions. Modeling free-flow speed is an important problem in transportation engineering with applications to a variety of design, operation, planning, and policy decisions of highway systems. Unfortunately, collecting large-scale historical traffic speed data is expensive and time consuming. Traditional approaches for estimating free-flow speed use geometric properties of the underlying road segment, such as grade, curvature, lane width, lateral clearance and access point density, but for many roads such features are unavailable. We propose a fully automated approach, RasterNet, for estimating free-flow speed without the need for explicit geometric features. RasterNet is a neural network that fuses large-scale overhead imagery and aerial LiDAR point clouds using a geospatially consistent raster structure. To support training and evaluation, we introduce a novel dataset combining free-flow speeds of road segments, overhead imagery, and LiDAR point clouds across the state of Kentucky. Our method achieves state-of-the-art results on a benchmark dataset.

Abstract The author analyses volunteering in Bosnia and Herzegovina, focusing on women’s activism in connection with values associated with the concept of civil society, such as solidarity, equity, and reciprocity. Civil society in Bosnia and Herzegovina generally suffers from fragmentation, donor-driven approaches, insufficient transparency and low trust among the general population, all of which present obstacles to voluntary work, as does a legal framework which is certainly not conducive to volunteering. Unlike organizations that do no more than promote the interests of their members, or groups connected to or controlled by political parties, women’s organizations are often seen as undertaking genuine activism. The author reveals differences in attitudes to volunteer work among individual women in organizations of varying sizes, explaining that those differences depend to some extent on women’s locations, ages or experience. Both inter-group and intra-group dynamics, including women’s networks, provide additional insights into voluntarism, especially with regard to the value of solidarity.

Lightning is the main cause of line outages on overhead distribution lines, especially for lines located in mountain areas and without line surge arresters installed along the line. This paper is dedicated to lightning outage performance of distribution line “Kotor – Lovćen” that operates in mountain Lovćen area. Shielding failure rate, shielding failure flashover rate and back flashover rate are calculated using Sigma Slp software. Lightning data collected by two advanced lightning activity monitoring systems are analyzed and used in number of simulations conducted for purposes of this paper.

Different types of transient phenomena are found in power systems. Switching transients in power systems have always been a matter of concern in insulation coordination studies. The reactors in power system are widely used elements which purpose is to provide stable power flow in normal conditions and to reduce dynamical and thermal stresses during short circuits and some other faults. Many shunt reactors are switched frequently, even daily. Shunt reactor switching imposes a unique and severe stress on the connected system and the circuit breaker. This paper presents study of overvoltages due to shunt reactor switching in 400 kV substation.

Structural size optimization of a device for external bone fixation within a formed iterative hybrid optimization algorithm was presented in this paper. The optimization algorithm was in interaction with the algorithms for generative design and FEM analysis and completely integrated within CATIA CAD/CAM/CAE system. The initial model, representing the current design of the bone external fixation device Sarafix, was previously verified by experimental testing. The formed hybrid optimization algorithm was created as an integration of the global (SA method) and local (CG method) algorithm. The constraints of the optimization model are the clinical limitations of the interfragmentary displacements and the material strength. The optimized design has less weight, greater rigidity and less transverse interfragmentary displacements at the point of fracture compared to the current design.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) are associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases as a result of complex interaction between traditional risk factors, chronic inflammation and specific impact of antibodies on endothelium. There are very limited data regarding level of physical activity (PA) in APS patients.To analyze different domains of PA in Serbian APS patients and their possible relationship to clinical and laboratory criteria of the main disease.From a large Serbian APS database comprehending 527 APS patients (371 Primary – PAPS, and 156 APS associated with other autoimmune diseases, predominantly systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)) we interviewed 51 APS patients, age range of 15-69 years: 29 patients with primary APS (PAPS), 25 women, 4 men, age 44±11.50, and 22 APS/SLE, 18 women, 4 men, age 48.41±11.75, using a long form of The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), translated onto Serbian language. Data on last seven days of PA divided onto leisure time PA, domestic and gardening (yard) activities, work-related PA and transport-related PA were acquired, and proposed scoring method was used. Based on the level of PA, patients were categorized to low, moderate or high level of PA. For the purpose of insight into atherosclerotic progression, we performed color Doppler scan of carotid arteries in all patients and presence of atherosclerotic plaques has been notified.Average total PA score was 7706.18±11771.97 MET-minutes/week. The greatest average values for different PA domains were for work (2733.21±6158.66 MET-minutes/week) and domestic/garden/yard (2522.31±3847.24 MET-minutes/week) and the lowest scores achieved in leisure time (500.87±695.45 MET-minutes/week). Majority of Serbian APS patients had low or moderate level of PA (37.3%, 43.1%, respectively) whereas lowest percentage was in high category of PA (19.6%). All domains of PA were significantly negatively correlated to age and BMI. There were no significant difference regarding PA scores between PAPS and APS/SLE patients. Although higher percentage of PAPS patients had high level of PA (27.65 compared to 9.1% of SLE/APS), the overall difference was not significant. There was no significant difference regarding antiphospholipid antibody (aPL) type or thrombotic/obstetric events presence. Significant difference occurred regarding presence of carotid arteries plaques. APS patients with lower PA scores had significantly higher prevalence of carotid arteries plaque especially for PA in transportation (p=0.004), and total PA (p=0.025)Serbian APS patients at younger age, tend to have low or moderate level of PA, with the lowest level of activity in leisure time. Low level of PA was undoubtedly related to progression of atherosclerosis in these patients, emphasizing a need for PA promotion in APS.Aleksandra Djokovic Speakers bureau: KRKA, Astra Zeneca, Actavis, Ljudmila Stojanovich: None declared, Natasa Stanisavljevic: None declared, Gordana Bogdanovic: None declared, Sandra Djokic: None declared

Introduction Results of currently available trials have shown divergent outcomes in diabetic patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Current guidelines do not recommend PCI in patients with diabetes and a SYNTAX score ≥ 23. Aim To compare all-cause 4-year mortality after revascularization for complex coronary artery disease (CAD) in diabetics. Material and methods The study group comprised consecutive patients with three-vessel CAD and/or unprotected left main CAD (≥ 50% diameter stenosis) without major hemodynamic instability, who were treated in two institutions with PCI or referred for CABG. Results Out of 342 diabetics, 177 patients underwent PCI and 165 patients were referred for CABG. The incidence of all-cause death was different between diabetics treated with PCI or CABG at 4 years (16/177, 9.0% vs. 26/165, 15.8%, respectively, p = 0.03). The difference was not evident in non-diabetics (PCI: 41/450, 9.1% vs. CABG: 19/249, 7.6%, p = 0.173). In diabetics, there was a higher incidence of all-cause mortality in PCI patients with intermediate-high (≥ 23) SYNTAX scores compared with those with low (0–22) SYNTAX scores (10/56, 17.9% vs. 6/121, 5.0%, respectively, p < 0.01). On the other hand, diabetics who underwent CABG showed similar mortality rates irrespective of the SYNTAX scores (SYNTAX 0–22: 3/29, 10.3%; SYNTAX ≥ 23: 23/136, 11.9%, p = 0.46). In the subgroup analysis, there was no interaction according to presence or absence of left main CAD (p for interaction = 0.12) as well as according to diabetes status (p for interaction = 0.38), whereas gender and SYNTAX scores were differentiators between PCI and CABG with a p for interaction < 0.1. Conclusions Our analysis supports recent evidence that diabetes is not a differentiator between PCI and CABG.

Abstract In a dynamic market, the city has become a main source of competitiveness, along with financial and economic benefits. Due to the processes of digitalization, a new concept has been developed, namely smart cities. This concept delivers economic and financial potential, not only to cities, but also to urban and local economic development. Therefore, to ensure the establishment of this concept, local government units, i.e., cities, need to have enough financial resources. In addition, the fiscal capacity of their local budgets should be sufficient. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the fiscal capacity of large cities in Croatia over the 2016-2018 period, as well as to present the financial support through funding schemes for the establishment of smart cities. After calculating the level of fiscal capacity of large cities, the analysis revealed interesting results. Only four large cities (Split, Rijeka, Zadar and Pula) achieved positive fiscal capacity in the observed period. This provides evidence of fiscal performance and fiscal capacity for the establishment of smart cities. This concept will enhance the quality of life, stimulate economic growth, sustain local government budgets and create new value for both investors and the local population.