Although the most prominent material in contemporary construction practice due to its obvious advantages, concrete possesses a number of drawbacks. One of the advantageous principles for decades is to enable a large scale on-site application of this material with acceptable properties, needed to withstand specific conditions. A concept of 3d printing concrete presents a promising ground for further improvement of this principle. While maintaining as much as possible of the prerequisite and common properties to answer the construction demands, this material has to evolve as much as possible to fulfill the 3d concept, which would, in turn, pave a way for the next level of its construction applications. This paper presents the main principles of 3d printing concrete, by discussing the main goals and the drawbacks that have to be solved prior to wider application. Also, one specific facility- wind tower will be reconsidered as a potentially promising ground for this old construction material dressed in a new suit.

Due to the Portland cement chemical reaction, which always takes place in a hardening concrete, a certain amount of heat is released. This heat should be quantified, as it can harm or aid the concrete itself, depending on the concrete components, structure element, ambient and building site conditions. There are number of possible setups for the monitoring of heat of hydration, two of which have been applied in the case presented in this paper. Four concretes were monitored with the use of the two stated techniques for 24 hours. First technique used is thermo-vision camera which monitored the surface, and the second is thermosensor - used for monitoring of interior of fresh concrete hardening mass. The potential of the applied setup lays in the ease of installation, low price, and possibilities of mass application, which could substantially aid the monitoring and prevent concrete failure.

Milica VLAHOVIĆ,, Aleksandar SAVIĆ, Sanja MARTINOVIĆ, Nataša ĐORĐEVIĆ, Zoran STEVIĆ, Tatjana VOLKOV HUSOVIĆ 1 University of Belgrade, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Belgrade, Serbia 2 University of Belgrade, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Belgrade, Serbia 3 Institute for Technology of Nuclear and Other Mineral Raw Materials, Belgrade, Serbia 4 University of Belgrade, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Technical Faculty Bor, CIK Belgrade, Serbia 5 University of Belgrade, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Belgrade, Serbia

In the period between April 6, 1992 and December 14, 1995, an estimated 102,622 people were found to have died due to war-related causes in armed conflicts in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Of those killed in the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina it is estimated that 54% were civilians. The war profoundly affected the civilian population, which was subjected to mass killings, the systemic use of rape and sexual violence, and the physical and psychological torture inside concentration camps. This case study paper has four aims. First, it highlights the complexity and severity of the traumatic psychological effects of the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina on its citizens, including the effects of the war on the generation born during or shortly after the war. Second, the paper proposes a heuristic in the form of a broader theoretical approach; an ecological analysis of human development (Bronfenbrenner, 1989). This approach aims to provide a framework for research and the development of intervention strategies for the adolescent children of adult war survivors who have been affected by war-related trauma. Third, the paper presents a case vignette of an adolescent to demonstrate the application of the ecological framework to clinical practice with adolescents. Finally, we explore how the current cultural, political, and societal realities in Bosnia and Herzegovina affect the population in general and the children of war survivors in particular. The transition from a state of war to peace is a long and continuous process with residual effects of violent conflicts permeating the broader society and its inhabitants, even after the war’s official end over 23 years ago. The authors argue that roles of psychologists and other mental health providers should expand beyond traditional focus on intrapsychic problems. Rather, effective treatment strategies should also include recognition of and attenuation of the larger systemic stressors that patients experience on daily basis. This could be accomplished through collaboration among psychologists and patients, patients’ families, teachers, and community members, all of whom directly or indirectly affect patients’ treatment outcomes.

: This paper presents a research conducted as part of development of the graduation thesis entitled: "Hydraulic numerical analysis of groundwater in the left hinterland of the Mostar hydroelectric power plant dam", which was developed and successfully defended at the Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Mostar in 2020. The Mostar hydroelectric power plant, in tandem with the Salakovac HPP, levels the flows in the downstream course of the Neretva River. In the area around the embankment and the diaphragm wall, there are indications of filtration deformations of soil, and development of dominant directions of groundwater flows. The paper examines the area of the left hinterland of the Mostar hydroelectric power plant dam in the MAGNET 4 WATER program, and compares the obtained results with the existing verified results from the DHI WASY FEFLOW program as well as the field results. It was concluded that the spatial model is suitable for further research and analyses, e.g. for monitoring groundwater flows in the area, and for the analysis of risks of contaminant transport underground the left hinterland of HPP Mostar.

There has been a lot of talks lately about falling interest rates in all markets. The decline in interest rates is also evident in the domestic market. Such information and trends increase caution, especially in the corporate sector, which is not conducive to economic optimism. In support of the black premonitions that have been pointed out recently, the paper also highlights the appearance of “inverse” yield curves on the Banja Luka Stock Exchange. The yield curve represents the relationship between the interest rate (or loan cost) and the time to maturity of a given borrower in a given currency. By definition, there is no single yield curve that describes financing costs for all market participants. There are conventions that everyone adheres to when it comes to choosing instruments and general design principles. The interpretation of the yield curve is very complex because the yield curve takes into account investors’ expectations in terms of interest rates, but also inflation and political cycles because it is reflected as a risk premium for long-term investments. However, the details of the design methodology are characteristic of different institutional investors. The paper describes the methodology for constructing the yield curve of the Republic of Srpska. The range and limitations of using such a yield curve are then stated are also described. The subject of this paper is to create the yield curve in a domestic market and to analyze data from such views. The aim of the paper is to scientifically explain and describe the process of creating a curve for the yield of debt securities issued by the government and to analyze and interpret the data from that curve. The research question is: “Can the yield curve on the Banja Luka Stock Exchange be used behind the presentation of the yield on debt securities over the last decade?” Thus, the paper demonstrates the scope and limitations of this model while respecting the standards and specifics of business in the emerging market. The conclusion is that the yield curve on the Banja Luka Stock Exchange is a theoretical construction rather than an empirically verified fact, in contrast to the yield curve from developed markets, but that it can be used to represent the yield on debt securities and, indirectly, as an auxiliary tool in making investment decisions. Also, the yield curve of debt securities of the Republic of Srpska is a theoretical concept, but it is also noticeable in practice. Moreover, it is a desirable tool for both academia and practitioners and the general public.

Cilj ovoga rada preispitivanje je dominantnih historiografskih predodžbi o transformacijskim procesima u ekonomskoj povijesti Osmanskoga Carstva te obrada nepoznatih aspekata osmanskih financijskih mjera koje su na području Bosanskoga ejaleta poduzete u prvih nekoliko godina nakon Karlovačkoga mira (1699.). Rad pokazuje kompleksnost osmanske strategije u borbi sa stvarnim i percipiranim učincima gospodarske krize koju je na zapadnoj periferiji svijeta islama izazvalo dugotrajno ratovanje s koalicijom Svete lige. Nastoji se pokazati da je za potpunije razumijevanje osmanskih transformacijskih procesa potrebno temeljitije ispitati mjere koje je vlast provodila u pograničnim provincijama. Kao primjer tih mjera istaknuto je trajno oslobađanje cijeloga Bosanskog ejaleta od poreza bedel-i nüzûl, namijenjenog za opskrbu i financiranje vojske. Ukazano je i na značenje krupnih promjena u režimu ubiranja državnih prihoda kao što je ukidanje „vlaških poreza” i odsjekom određenih novčanih podavanja u znatnom dijelu osmanskoga agrarnog gospodarstva u Bosni te prijelaz na režim naturalne desetine. Analizirani su uzroci koji su doveli do tih mjera, njihove dugoročne posljedice za osmanske financije, život lokalnoga stanovništva i gospodarstvo. Zaključci izneseni u radu zasnovani su na analizi neobjavljene financijske građe iz osmanskih arhiva.

: This paper presents the results of statistical analysis of collected data on the characteristics of envelope elements, as one of the key factors influencing energy consumption and costs, of school buildings (primary and secondary schools) located in the south region of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (SR FBiH). The shares of the areas of walls, floors, ceilings and openings in the total area of the envelope, as well as thermal characteristics expressed through the heat transfer coefficient or U-value, were analyzed. This research was conducted by collecting data from detailed energy audit documents on a sample of 47 school buildings located in SR FBiH, which has a Mediterranean or sub-Mediterranean climate. The average envelope U-value is 1.88 W/m2K, and the results of this study indicate very poor thermal characteristics of the existing condition of individual elements of the envelope, expressed by U-values, which are several times higher than the allowable values.

Regulation Plan for the historic town area of Mostar includes major aspects of preservation and development of historic town zones. Provisions of the Regulation Plan pertain to use of land and buildings, aiming to preserve and revive the traditional uses and protect the natural characteristics of the area [8]. In this respect, the historic area of the town of Mostar has been divided into ten zones according to the use of land and structures, and Zone 8 covers Neretva as a protected riverside zone. The study aimed to define causes and state of weathering, damage and stability of rocks, then to define the existing state in terms of geological structure, and visit the most critical sections that require improvement.

One of the important mechanical properties of packaging materials is its tensile strength. The good tensile strength is essential for materials and their mobility, packaging and for correctness when forming packing units. In this paper, stability of mechanical properties (tensile strength and elongation) was tested, for five types of plastics used as packaging material. The tested materials are made of single and combined packaging materials: PE 95 μm, OPP 20 μm, PE/OPP 20/50 μm, OPPmet 20 μm and PET/PE/OPP 12/38/30 μm. Testing of tensile strength and elongation of the material during tearing of the packaging material was performed with the following dynamics: 0, 30, 60, 120 and 180 days. The packed contents were dried apples. All materials showed good insulating properties and stability of the welding site. The quality of packaged dried apples, based on the test results, was assessed as good for the technology and product characteristics. In terms of strength PET/OPPmet/PE, OPPmet and OPP proved to be the best materials. In case of exposure of the package to mechanical loads it is recommended to use some of these three materials.

The paper has two research goals. The first goal is to investigate the prevalence of certain techniques of strategic management accounting in large companies in Bosnia and Herzegovina (hereinafter BiH), while the second research goal is to analyze the dependence of the number of strategic management accounting techniques used and the degree of development of the cost system in the company. For the purposes of this research, we collected survey questionnaires from 110 large companies based in BiH. The results of the research show that the three most common techniques of strategic management accounting in large companies in BiH are: Quality Costing (52.73%), Strategic Pricing (51.82%) and Benchmarking (50.91%), while the least common techniques are: Life Cycle Costing (11.82%), Attribute Costing and Integrated Performance Management Systems (with 12.73% each), and Activity Based Costing/ Management (17.27%). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) tested the differences in the number of strategic management accounting techniques used and the level of development of the cost system in companies. Companies that applied on average two techniques of strategic management accounting belonged to the first level of development, those that applied on average four techniques belonged to the second level of development, while companies that have the third level of cost system development on average applied six techniques of strategic management accounting. There were no companies in the sample with the fourth and fifth level of development of the cost system.

Hyperuricemia is a potential marker of cardiovascular diseases, and its relation to hypertension and arteriosclerosis, as well as the outcomes of certain cardiovascular events, is interesting. The research was carried out a sample of 50 subjects of both sexes, who were either on allopurinol or febuxostat treatment. Effects of allopurinol and febuxostat on concentrations of uric acid and some lipid fractions (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol) were observed in 25 subjects on allopurinol treatment, and in 25 subjects on febuxostat treatment, who were chosen by defined criteria, with each patient serving as his or her control. The total observation period was six months and the cut was made after the first three Original Research Article Ziga Smajic et al.; JPRI, 32(35): 44-54, 2020; Article no.JPRI.63434 45 months and at the end of the research. Evaluating the effectiveness of allopurinol in subjects with hyperuricemia, it was established that concentrations of uric acid decreased by 126.28±20.36 μmol/L, at the end of the research, compared to the initial concentration. In subjects who used febuxostat, at the end of the research, concentrations of uric acid decreased by 252.80±94.17 μmol/L, compared to the initial concentration. Evaluating the effectiveness of febuxostat on concentrations of lipid fractions, a statistically significant increase of 0.17±0.02 mmol/L in concentrations of HDL and a statistically significant decrease of 0.37±0.14 mmol/L in concentrations of LDL were noted. Subjects with gout treated with allopurinol had significantly lower average concentrations of cholesterol compared to subjects with gout and metabolic syndrome (p=0.001). Subjects with gout and metabolic syndrome had significantly higher concentrations of LDL at the beginning and the end of the research, regardless of therapy (p=0.045;p=0.049, respectively). Both drugs showed effectiveness in the treatment of hyperuricemia, and a certain effect on concentrations of lipid fractions.

The purpose of this study aimed to look at assessing the effects of aerobic exercise on body composition of overweight female aging 22-27 years.A sample of n=30 (thirty) overweight female aging 22-27 years in District Tonsa (Punjab), Pakistan were included as subject. A four (04) week exercise protocol was prepared and used among females of the experimental group. The experimental group was subjected to measure the anthropometric as well as 3- site skin fold measurements. The data regarding pre and post-test of both groups-control and experimental were carefully recorded and entered into the computer for analyses. For this purpose, both descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Independent Samples t-Test and Paired Samples t-Test) were used for analyzing the data. The analyzed data established that the mean score of (EG) in pre and post-test were found as 28.66 and 23.5. The t-value of the table is 5.022 and P-value is 0.001 which is lower than the significant level (P<0.05). Therefore, it is concluded that the difference between Pre and Post-test of Control Group has shown the significant effects of aerobic exercises on body fat percentage of overweight females. According to the analyzed data the mean value of Post-tests regarding body fat percentage of Control Group were 28.89 and Experimental Group was 23.5. The P-value 0.002 and t-value -987 in the table depict the significant statistical difference between the two means of Control and Experimental Group in Body Mass Index (P<0.05).The results of the study indicated that the four weeks’ aerobic exercise protocol has a significant effect on overweight females in the perspective of decreasing their body fat percentage. Based on the findings, the researcher recommended that more and more involved in physical activity and exercise among female folk may be ensured.