Vector-borne diseases occur in the chain pathogen-vector-host, with vectors playing the most prominent role. Vectors transmit pathogens between humans, and more often, from animals to humans so that many vector-borne diseases are categorized as zoonoses. Vector-borne diseases have become more important worldwide, and not exclusively in the tropics as in the past, by causing high morbidity and mortality every year. Out of all infectious diseases, more than 17% are vector-borne. The most significant and widespread vectors are mosquitoes and ticks, and the most significant diseases are West Nile fever, yellow fever, Zika virus fever, tick encephalitis, Lyme borreliosis, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever and rickettsioses. Life and preservation of the vectors, and breakouts and spread of vector-borne diseases are profoundly affected by climate change (rise in temperature and humidity, downfalls, extreme weather conditions), urbanization, deforestation, inadequate waste management, international travel, international commerce and social conditions, with poverty being the most important and directly linked to the rising incidence. In recent years, all factors mentioned above have favoured a rising number of the vectors and their spread, so that vector-borne diseases have become emergent or reemergent, meaning their high incidence have been registered in the countries with no previous breakouts; or they reoccurred in the areas where they had earlier been eradicated. Some extra reasons contributing to the increasing incidence are lowered investments and limited resources for monitoring vector-borne diseases. Most vector-borne diseases are zoonoses, making "One Health" the only appropriate approach, which implies integrated monitoring of the diseases in the sectors of both animal and human health. Prevention of vector-borne diseases should be aimed at raising public awareness on the importance of the vectors, education of the professionals and active involvement of the community as a whole.

Summary Patients are selected for radical prostatectomy with a disease limited to the organ, satisfying general condition and enough long life expectancy. Postsurgical findings often point out more advanced disease or less differentiated cancer compared to findings upon which an indication for prostatectomy was made, what affects prognosis and points out need for adjuvant treatment. The study is aimed at establishing in what manner the clinical stage and grade of the disease correlate to the definitive histological finding. The investigation was done in 80 patients with histologically proven, clinically organ confirmed prostate cancer, and initial PSA values 2-10 ng/ml, which underwent retro-pubic prostatectomy. Pathohistological analysis of complete resection sample was performed in order to establish spread and differentiation of the tumor. Clinical and pathological stage of the disease, Gleason score and Gleason grade were compared. In 11 patients (14%) extra-prostatic invasion of the disease was found following examination of the obtained slides. After surgery, in a significant number of patients inclusion of both prostate lobes was established, so the number of clinical stage T2b was significantly higher than pT2b (40 compared to 18), and T2c was significantly lower than pT2c (3 compared to 22). The Gleason score was underestimated in 25 (31, 25%) while it was overrated in 2 (2.5%). In more than one-third of patients the bioptical Gleason score was lower than the definitive pathohistologic score of the prostate slide. There is a significant difference between the biopsy and definitive pathohistologic T stage of prostate cancer also in a sense of underestimation. The frequency of established extra-capsular invasion and lymphatic metastasis corresponds to the rates of predictive models (Partin tables). The study did not show extra-capsular invasion in cases of well-differentiated prostate cancer (Gleason score ≤ 6).

This study evaluated the performance of the COVID-19 Ag-RDT compared to the real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rtRT-PCR) for SARS-CoV-2 detection and its use among patients referred for emergency admission. A total of 120 nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from patients referred for emergency admission and immediately preceded for testing to the Unit of Clinical Microbiology. Out of 60 Ag positive tests, 53 (88.3%) were confirmed by rtRT-PCR, while 7 (11.7%) tested negative (false positives). Out of 60 Ag negative tests, 56 (93.3%) were confirmed negative by rtRT-PCR, and 4 (6.7%) were positive (false negatives). Ct value comparison was performed for 53 samples that were positive by both methods: 8 (15.1%) isolates had Ct value up to 20; 37 (69.8%) 21 to 30 and 8 (15.1%) 31 to 40, respectively. The sensitivity of the analyzed rapid Ag test was 92.9%, and specificity 88.9%. The accuracy of the Ag test was 90.8%. This study has shown that rapid Ag tests can be used in emergency admissions to healthcare facilities. However, rtRT-PCR should be considered after negative antigen test results in symptomatic patients, and after positive antigen test results in asymptomatic persons.

Introduction. Epulis is a change in gingival tissue that occurs under the influence of chronic irritation. Histologically, there are several different types of epulis. Fibrous epulis is benign tumor of gingiva that most often occurs in interdental papilla area as a result of local irritation (inadequate restorative fillings, carious teeth, subgingival deposits or the combination of them). The aim of this paper is to present a clinical case of fibrous epulis. Case report. A 25-year-old girl reported to the Specialist Center for Dentistry in Foca. Clinical examination revealed a gingival tissue enlargement in the area of the upper jaw central incisors with speech and chewing function disturbances. Intraoral examination revealed a change above the level of gingiva, reddish-pink in color with smooth surface texture and soft consistency. The size of the change was 1 x 1.5 cm. It was connected to the interdental gingiva between teeth 12 and 21 by a narrower base. Clinically, a significant amount of soft and hard dental deposits surrounded the remaining teeth. Remaining gingiva was swollen, red, bleeding on provocation. The anamnesis did not confirm the presence of other acute and chronic diseases. The patient was not pregnant. She was informed about clinical condition assessment, as well as possible therapeutic procedures. Our patient was treated with non-surgical periodontal therapy and surgical excision of the enlargement. After histopathological examination of the removed tissue, the diagnosis was made: "Fibrous epulis cum ulceration". Conclusion. Clinical examination is insufficient for definite diagnosis. Therefore, a histopathological examination of the tissue is mandatory for fibrous epulis definite diagnosis. Treatment of choice is surgical excision of the enlargement and removal of predisposing factors to avoid recurrence.

Introduction. Hyperdontia or supernumerary teeth are excess number of teeth in comparison to normal dentition. The aim of this study was to present different variants of permanent supernumerary teeth, as well as their observation or elimination in order to prevent possible complications Case report. Six different cases of hyperdontia are presented in this paper. All hyperdontia cases were multidisciplinary evaluated and individual treatment protocols were applied. Already erupted supernumerary teeth were extracted without surgical intervention. Unerupted teeth were surgically removed or left for observation. Conclusion. Early and frequent dental check-ups are very important for children in order to detect possible dentition irregularities and thus timely start with appropriate therapy.

Introduction. The most common form of leishmaniasis is cutaneous leishmaniasis. It presents with cutaneous lesions of the unprotected parts of the skin which leave scars later on. The causative agents are protozoae from the Leishmania species , and there are more than 20 of them. Clinical presentation and therapy depend on the type of leishmaniasis. The vectors of leishmaniosis are flies from the Phlebotomus species, and the source of infection is people and animals. Case report. A patient used to work in Iraq. Due to skin lesions that persisted for three months and suspicion of cutaneous leishmaniosis, he was sent by an infectious disease specialist from General hospital, Pancevo to the Public Health Institute of Serbia - PHIS. Lesions were localized on the hands, in the form of plaques with central ulcerations. There were similar cases among his colleagues. Microscopic examination of the skin samples, Giemza stained, showed intracellular amastigote Leishmania. The patient spent two months in the Clinic for infectious and tropical diseases. He was treated with fluconazole and liposomal amphotericin B and discharged with crusts on his hands. Clinical presentation, epidemiologic data, and microbiological diagnosis are very important for the diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis.

The aim of this research was to examine the frequency of different barriers faced by special education teachers in working with children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The sample included 53 participants of both genders and of different ages who were diagnosed with ASD. The instrument used to assess the presence of barriers in teaching refers to the Assessment of Barriers in Teaching (VB-Mapp Barriers Assessment -Sundberg, 2008). In our sample, it was found that all respondents have a pronounced presence of teaching barriers, while the most frequent barriers are prompt dependence, generalization difficulties, socialization problems, escape or avoidance of given tasks and the absence of the tact ability. Having in mind the obtained results, it is highlighted as a necessity to develop an approach that would lead to elimination of the mentioned barriers, as well as to develop a treatment plan to address those teaching barriers in working with children with PSA and consequently enable a higher degree of adoption of new knowledge and skills by children with ASD.

COVID-19 pandemic has put traditional forms of work and education on hold for many institutions. The impact of the transition to "online" work and education mode on mental and education on mental health is particularly interesting. The primary objective of this paper was to to identify advantages and disadvantages of transition to the online work regime that were additionally exacerbated by the pandemic (managerial aspect). The secondary objective was to consider this impact on the mental health of the individuals (socio-psychological aspects). A review of the literature published so far related to the work and teaching process in the Covid-19 pandemic recommends an online regime whenever possible. The results in the labor market domain indicate that if a person is self-disciplined, does not require supervision, has clear tasks and motivation, the online regime provides a number of benefits to such an employee, and consequently to the employer. On the other hand, for people who find motivation to work primarily in contact with colleagues, require supervision, lack self-discipline, as well as for those who aspire to managerial positions, teleworking does not give favorable results. In the field of teaching, in online education, quantitative analysis shows an improved success of pupils and students, but raises the question of whether this success is backed by real knowledge. The identified health consequences for individuals exposed to long-term online interaction regimes are, primarily: burnout syndrome, isolation from friends, problems in family relationships, experience of reduced happiness at home, general poor health and lack of sleep. It is likely that this regime will continue to some extent in the foreseeable future; work organizations and educational institutions will need to implement formalized policies that take into account support for managing the boundary between work and home activities, role clarity, workload, performance indicators, technical support, facilitating networking and training for managers.

This is the issue of third volume of EFMI Inside - the official magazine of the European Federation for Medical Informatics (EFMI), founded in Lyon, France in August 2019, during “MEDINFO 2019” Conference and EFMI Council meeting. In this issue readers can find important information about events organized during 2022 by EFMI Working Groups and national Medical informatics associations, including the most influential Conference - 32nd MIE 2022 Conference held in Nice, France in May 2022, and EFMI STC held in Cardiff in September 22. This EFMI Inside issue contains important facts about other EFMI activities which needed to be recorded for people who couln’t be active participants at the evenings organized by EFMI and members of EFMI associatins.. Very important part of the issue is official report of the EFMI Council Secretary, Professor Alfred Winter about EFMI Council meetings during years 2020, 2021 and 2022 with included all important facts about EFMI activities during past, especialy during the mandate of Alfred Winter as Secretary from 2014 until 2022. It was the first time that all important facts about EFMI were completed at the one place and we decided to published it as some kind of historical bachground of EFMI for people who will continue managing EFMI Council and EFMI Board activities in the future.In this issue we also involved information about new elected Honorry Fellows during last three years and also obituaries about members who passed away, but their names need to be mentioned regarding its important contributions in the development of Medical informatics globaly and in its national organizatios, Some of chairs of Working Groups contributed with their reports in the past year who were actively involved in the development of Medical informatics in their countries, but also worldwide.

The main goal of paper is to rank the criteria that are important for the selection of the most favourable supplier of the agricultural company by applying a multicriteria decision-making model. Subject of the paper is the procurement of mineral fertilizer for sowing certain field crops. As a method of work, the author uses DEMATEL (The Decision making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory) method of multicriteria decision making. In order to bring the research as close as possible to human thinking, the fuzzy logic of multicriteria decision-making was applied in the paper. Method is an expert assessment and ranking by experts in the field. In addition to the group of economic and technical criteria, the paper also uses criteria related to sustainable development such as environmental management system, green product, pollution and waste control, recycling and eco-product design. Results of the research show that the criteria that are from the economic group are still assessed as the most important for the decision maker. Importance of the research would be in pointing out the increase in the importance of criteria, especially those from the sustainability group according to their importance in the coming period, and the possibility of applying modern decision-making methods.

After the migration of Serbs in 1690 and 1735, the exploitation of mines in the area of present-day Serbia ceased, and after a standstill of nearly 200 years, the mining and metallurgical activities in Serbia were activated in the second quarter of the 20th century. The first concessions were bought by England in 1926, then the mines in Stari Trg (1927), Kišnica (1927), Ajvalija (1930), Novo Brdo (1933) were activated, and the Flotation (1930) and Smelter with Lead Refinery began to operate (1939) in Zvečan. In Kosovska Mitrovica, the chemical industry began operating in 1961, the Zinc Metallurgy and Lead Battery Factory in 1967, and all production facilities were expanded and modernized several times. The most intensive production and investment period of the "Trepča" Combine was in the period 1965-1985, when "Trepča" was a well-known producer of lead, zinc, silver, gold, cadmium, bismuth and products made of these metals. After 1990, the production declined for several reasons and, in 1999, the international army stopped production in "Trepča". In the past twenty years, the production has not been completely renewed nor the status of the "Trepča" Combine has not been regulated.