Flooding is a significant threat to human-life, ecosystems, cultural heritage and society in general. A risk-based safety approach is necessary to support decision making and prioritize intervention measures, either during the response or during the prevention stage. As a consequence of flooding, transport infrastructure and flood protection system can be significantly damaged and cause cascading effects on other infrastructure. In this paper a risk assessment model will be presented for determining the direct and indirect impacts of flooding hazards in the case study area of city of Karlovac. The model is using the novel vulnerability assessment methods for embankments and bridges exposed to different flood hazard scenarios. The consequence analysis is using an improved quantification model for direct and indirect impacts of different flood hazard scenarios. These scenarios are then used for flood risk mapping, applied on the case study area.

increasingly common occurrence of rain with a significant amount of precipitation in one hour, which causes floods. Floods cause great material and intangible damage per population and often endanger human lives. The road network in such situations has crucial importance to take urgent intervention measures and rescue people, animals and material goods. This paper is focused on the natural flood disaster and its influence on road infrastructure and presents the risk assessment methodology and determines critical road sections of main roads in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, analyzing data on 100-year floods.

For the purpose of digitization and interoperability of public administration, we researched the organization and challenges in public administration in Bosnia and Herzegovina as well as in general in public administration. We presented parts of public administration as well as the influences of public administration. The effects and influence of digitalization and interoperability in institutions in BIH, strategic approach to the development of public administration, the relationship between Vision and Technology as an indicator of business success in public administration are given. We also presented a view on the provision of digitalized and interoperable public administration services.

Abstract Anatomical complications of the craniofacial regions often present considerable challenges to the surgical repair or replacement of the damaged tissues. Surgical repair has its own set of limitations, including scarcity of the donor tissues, immune rejection, use of immune suppressors followed by the surgery, and restriction in restoring the natural aesthetic appeal. Rapid advancement in the field of biomaterials, cell biology, and engineering has helped scientists to create cellularized skeletal muscle‐like structures. However, the existing method still has limitations in building large, highly vascular tissue with clinical application. With the advance in the three‐dimensional (3D) bioprinting technique, scientists and clinicians now can produce the functional implants of skeletal muscles and bones that are more patient‐specific with the perfect match to the architecture of their craniofacial defects. Craniofacial tissue regeneration using 3D bioprinting can manage and eliminate the restrictions of the surgical transplant from the donor site. The concept of creating the new functional tissue, exactly mimicking the anatomical and physiological function of the damaged tissue, looks highly attractive. This is crucial to reduce the donor site morbidity and retain the esthetics. 3D bioprinting can integrate all three essential components of tissue engineering, that is, rehabilitation, reconstruction, and regeneration of the lost craniofacial tissues. Such integration essentially helps to develop the patient‐specific treatment plans and damage site‐driven creation of the functional implants for the craniofacial defects. This article is the bird's eye view on the latest development and application of 3D bioprinting in the regeneration of the skeletal muscle tissues and their application in restoring the functional abilities of the damaged craniofacial tissue. We also discussed current challenges in craniofacial bone vascularization and gave our view on the future direction, including establishing the interactions between tissue‐engineered skeletal muscle and the peripheral nervous system.

In this study, metal matrix-based composite (MMC) was subjected to Equal Chanel Angular Pressing (ECAP) in several passes to determine the influence of deformation on the hardness of the samples. Composite based on A356 aluminum alloy and reinforced with Fly Ash (FA) particles was obtained by the compo casting method. The microstructural analyses and microhardness measurements were performed on the cast and pressed samples. Vickers hardness measurement of composite samples was performed with different indentation load sizes: HV0.02, HV0.05, HV0.1 and HV0.2. Results showed that hardness increases after each ECAP pass. The lowest hardness value of 42 (HV0.02) as well as the lowest arithmetical mean value of 46 (HV0.2) was measured at the cast composite. The greatest composite hardness of 107 (HV0.1) and the highest arithmetical mean value of 94 (HV0.1) was measured at the three-time pressed sample. The mathematical model named Meyer’s law was used for data analysis. In the cast sample, a decrease in hardness was detected with increasing indentation load, termed Indentation Size Effect (ISE), was confirmed with Meyers index n = 1.9112 < 2. Pressed samples showed opposite behavior—an increase in hardness with increasing indentation load—where Meyers index n > 2 indicated Reverse Indentation Size Effect (RISE). For all samples, a high coefficient of determination R2 > 0.99 confirmed that Meyer’s law described this phenomenon well.

Collaborative graphic ethnography can generate new ways of identifying, materializing, and documenting political possibility in what otherwise seems like an overdetermined world, and in doing so, offers a model for practicing anthropology differently. We come to these insights through our work in the embattled Bosnian detergent factory “Dita,” located on the outskirts of the post-industrial city of Tuzla, whose workers scored an unprecedented victory when they managed to preserve their factory and restart production despite the threat of bankruptcy and liquidation. In researching and telling the story of their struggle and victory through this innovative format, we build upon the historical popularity of comics in former Yugoslavia, as well as contemporary experimentation with the form among anti-corruption activists in Bosnia-Herzegovina. We explore ethnographic and political affordances of sequential art and the graphic form for an engaged or activist anthropology, including its capacity to visualize and materialize the immaterial and overlooked aspects of politics, mitigate anthropology’s extractivist tendencies, enlist the imagination and participation of readers in directions both hoped for and unanticipated, and engage and animate multiple local and international publics.  

Bosnia and Herzegovina has been one of the first European states to introduce a generous consumer collective redress mechanism. It was established under the influence of the EU, the United States and former Yugoslav law. The legislation of Bosnia and Herzegovina provides an excellent opportunity to examine to which extent the collective redress remedies emanating from different legal traditions may co-exist and function together. The number and variety of collective consumer remedies in Bosnia and Herzegovina is quite impressive. But the mechanism has still not been used because of the weaknesses of those who are supposed to trigger it. The very generous solutions for consumer associations and a specialized Ombudsman for Consumer Protection, both with wide powers to initiate collective proceedings, have not proved to be sufficient. The lack of appropriate funding has so far been an obstacle that is too great for any collective initiative. It also does not help that legislation allows traders to file for compensation in the case of unfounded collective claims when the reputation and business of the trader have been seriously harmed. The new EU Directive on consumer representative actions will certainly require further reforms in Bosnia and Herzegovina, especially with regard to collective claims for damages. This will provide the legislator with the opportunity not only to introduce more options for collective redress, but also to add the missing pieces of the jigsaw so that the mechanism finally fulfils its purpose of providing legal protection for consumers.

It is practically impossible to imagine the collection of necessary evidence and the evidentiary procedure without the application of general evidentiary actions as well as special investigative actions in relation to legally prescribed criminal offenses for which the application of these specific actions can be determined. The Criminal Procedure Code prescribes general evidentiary and special investigative actions as well as restrictive legal conditions for their application. It is undisputed that the position of the prosecutor in the evidentiary procedure regarding the determination of the existence of a certain criminal offense and guilt depends on the volume and qualitative component of the evidence collected in the investigation, which means that the segment of the application of general and special investigative actions in relation to legality of collected evidence and respect for human rights and freedoms, is very important. The burden of proof is on the acting prosecutor, who has a leading and supervisory role in the investigation in relation to authorized officials in terms of the implementation of mentioned evidentiary actions and the collection of necessary evidence. It follows from the above stated that in each specific case, for the application of general evidentiary actions and special investigative actions, it is necessary to meet restrictive legal requirements. Also, this paper covers the implementation or enforcement aspect regarding the initiation and application of these evidentiary actions.

The aim of this paper is to shed light on the dominant theoretical paradigms and show their sustainability in the last 150 years, following the historical context of the interrelationship between politics and war. Starting from Clausewitz’s thesis on war as a continuation of politics by other, violent means, the paper thematizes the dominant wars in the twentieth century, World War I and II, their causes and connection with politics, which proves to be an essential element of every war. Namely, war has always been the consequence of political decisions and as such a significant political tool for achieving a certain goal. In this context, the Cold War period unequivocally confirms Clausewitz’s realist thesis, showing that war is not necessarily an armed conflict, but that it is nonetheless a political matter. After the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War, realism and liberalism regained prominence and emerged as significant theories on war and security. Both theories have their roots in the twentieth century, and therefore their paradigm becomes insufficient to answer the new questions posed by the nature of interdependent world. Nevertheless, these theories, especially liberalism, show their practical application and stand at the core of the ideological basis for the formation of the European Union. In this sense, Europe, after centuries of wars fought on its soil, displays the possibility of successful cooperation. As a result, war appears not only as a continuation of politics by violent means, but as a constituent element of systems and states in the modern world.