Over the past 30 years, forensic experts from Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina have embraced advanced technologies and innovations to enable great efficacy and proficiency in the identification of war victims. The wartime events in the countries of former Yugoslavia greatly influenced the application of the selected DNA analyses as routine tools for the identification of skeletal remains, especially those from mass graves. Initially, the work was challenging because of the magnitude of the events, technical aspects, and political aspects. Collaboration with reputable foreign forensic experts helped tremendously in the efforts to start applying DNA analysis routinely and with increasing success. In this article, we reviewed the most significant achievements related to the application of DNA analysis in identifying skeletal remains in situations where standard identification methods were insufficient.

Due to its turbulent demographic history, marked by extensive settlement and gene flow from diverse regions of Eurasia, Southeastern Europe (SEE) has consistently served as a genetic crossroads between East and West and a junction for the migrations that reshaped Europe’s population. SEE, including modern Croatian territory, was a crucial passage from the Near East and even more distant regions and human populations in this region, as almost any other European population represents a remarkable genetic mixture. Modern humans have continuously occupied this region since the Upper Paleolithic era, and different (pre)historical events have left a distinctive genetic signature on the historical narrative of this region. Our views of its history have been mostly renewed in the last few decades by extraordinary data obtained from Y-chromosome studies. In recent times, the international research community, bringing together geneticists and archaeologists, has steadily released a growing number of ancient genomes from this region, shedding more light on its complex past population dynamics and shaping the genetic pool in Croatia and this part of Europe.

PFAS are ubiquitous industrial chemicals with known adverse health effects, particularly on the liver. The liver, being a vital metabolic organ, is susceptible to PFAS-induced metabolic dysregulation, leading to conditions such as hepatotoxicity and metabolic disturbances. In this study, we investigated the phenotypic and metabolic responses of PFAS exposure using two hepatocyte models, HepG2 (male cell line) and HepaRG (female cell line), aiming to define phenotypic alterations, and metabolic disturbances at the metabolite and pathway levels. The PFAS mixture composition was selected based on epidemiological data, covering a broad concentration spectrum observed in diverse human populations. Phenotypic profiling by Cell Painting assay disclosed predominant effects of PFAS exposure on mitochondrial structure and function in both cell models as well as effects on F-actin, Golgi apparatus, and plasma membrane-associated measures. We employed comprehensive metabolic characterization using liquid chromatography combined with high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). We observed dose-dependent changes in the metabolic profiles, particularly in lipid, steroid, amino acid and sugar and carbohydrate metabolism in both cells as well as in cell media, with HepaRG cell line showing a stronger metabolic response. In cells, most of the bile acids, acylcarnitines and free fatty acids showed downregulation, while medium-chain fatty acids and carnosine were upregulated, while the cell media showed different response especially in relation to the bile acids in HepaRG cell media. Importantly, we observed also nonmonotonic response for several phenotypic features and metabolites. On the pathway level, PFAS exposure was also associated with pathways indicating oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Taken together, our findings on PFAS-induced phenotypic and metabolic disruptions in hepatocytes shed light on potential mechanisms contributing to the broader comprehension of PFAS-related health risks.

ABSTRACT Population genetic studies have shown that the Bosnian-Herzegovinian (B&H) population is a part of the European gene pool, but there has been limited information on the genetic structure of ancient B&H populations. This study aimed to determine the frequency and distribution of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups for a medieval Bosnian population. Thirty-four samples, excavated from medieval necropolises located within the borders of medieval Bosnia, were analyzed. Sequencing of the mtDNA hypervariable segment 1 (HVS1) region and RFLP analysis were performed for haplogroup determination. All 32 samples were identified as haplogroup H, with subhaplogroups H2a and H5 in 30 and 2 samples, respectively. The frequency of the H haplogroup was significantly different between the studied samples and previous studies of contemporary B&H populations, where the H haplogroup frequency was approximately half that of the ancient population studied here. A significant difference in H haplogroup frequency compared with other medieval populations outside of Bosnia was also observed: the ancient B&H population is most similar to ancient Italians. These results provide insight into the mitochondrial landscape of populations that inhabited the territory of present-day Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Middle Ages. Our study reveals that inhabitants of medieval Bosnia carried genetic lineages that exist today in B&H populations, suggesting continuity of mtDNA haplogroups over a long period of time, regardless of various historical demographic events that shaped the genetic structure of the modern B&H population.

Objectives: Lamivudin has been approved for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B but experience with lamivudin treatment for acute severe hepatitis B is still limited. Fulminant hepatitis develops in 1% of patients with acute hepatitis B. Severe acute hepatitis B in immunocompetent patients may progress to fulminant hepatitis and death. Aim: To evaluate the efficasy of lamivudine for the treatment of acute severe hepatitis B virus infection in imunocompetent adults in Clinic for infectious diseases Banja Luka. Patients and methods: In the period of 2006-2024 years, 12 immunocompetent patients (4 women, 8 men, age 24-77 years) with severe acute hepatitis B were treated with lamivudin. All 12 patients fulfil at least two of the criteria for severe acute hepatitis B infection: 1. hepatic encephalopathy; 2. total bilirubin 210 micromole per litre; and severe coagulopathy (international normalized ratio-INR was 4.5 ± 6.4 or prothrombin time-PT < 40%). All patients had evidence of severe hepatocyte lysis. Nine patients had rapid increase of total bilirubin and contemporary decrease of alanine aminotransferase level, which escalate risk of development of fulminant hepatitis B. All patients received lamivudin at a dose 100 mg per day. Results: Ten patients responded well to the treatment and their biochemical parameters improved rapidly. Within 1-6 months, the HBsAg was undetectable in 10 out of 12 investigated patients. Protective anti-HBs antibodies developed in 10 of them in 1-6 months. The corticosteroid therapy was short-term in 2 of 12 patients. Two patient developed fulminant hepatitis B and died after the lamivudine therapy was initiated. Lamivudine treatment was well tolerated in all patients. Conclusion: Lamivudin induces a prompt clinical, biochemical and serological response in immunocompetent patients with severe acute hepatitis B. Early treatment with lamivudine probably decreases the risk of progression to fulminant hepatitis in patients with severe acute hepatitis B.

Forests play an important role in adapting to and mitigating the negative effects of climate change and environmental degradation through sustainable forest management. In Europe and North America, where private forest ownership dominates, private forest owners play a crucial role in achieving diverse policy objectives. Given the importance of private forest owner cooperation to support the sustainable management and the achievement of policy goals, this paper systematically reviewed the international scientific publication on private forest owners (PFOs) cooperation using bibliometric network analysis complemented with a literature review to examine the development over the last two decades (2000–2021) and to determine where the trend of the research has been heading. The analysis provided a general overview of PFOs cooperation and focus more specifically on two main aspects of PFOs cooperation: “Reasons for joining forest owners’ organizations” and “Factors influencing PFOs cooperation”. The data was retrieved from the Scopus database and analysed using the VOSviewer software. The results showed that the number of publications on PFOs’ cooperation is more or less constant and that the most prolific authors’ institutions in this topic area come from the United States, Finland, Sweden and Germany. The keyword cluster analysis showed that there are three topic oriented clusters for both aspects of PFOs’ cooperation – “Reasons for joining forest owners’ organizations” and “Factors influencing PFOs cooperation”, while the trend of keywords showed a change in the perspective of PFOs’ cooperation over time: from cooperation for “timber production and supplying to the market” to cooperation for “multifunctional and sustainable forest management”, “biodiversity conservation” and “climate change mitigation”. The results also showed the influence of forest policy on PFOs cooperation.

<p>Ovaj &nbsp;rad &nbsp;se &nbsp;bavi &nbsp;kontrastivnom &nbsp;analizom &nbsp;medicinskog &nbsp;jezika &nbsp;na &nbsp;njemačkom &nbsp;i &nbsp;bosanskom,&nbsp;<br />hrvatskom, srpskom (b, h, s) jeziku, &scaron;to je uočeno kao neistraženo područje u oblasti poredbene&nbsp;<br />lingvistike. &nbsp;U &nbsp;ovom &nbsp;istraživanju &nbsp;se &nbsp;fokusiramo &nbsp;na &nbsp;terminologizaciju &nbsp;odnosno &nbsp;strategiju&nbsp;<br />imenovanja medicinskog &nbsp;jezika &nbsp;u &nbsp;njemačkom &nbsp;jeziku &nbsp;kao &nbsp;polaznom &nbsp;i &nbsp;b, &nbsp;h, &nbsp;s &nbsp;jeziku &nbsp;kao &nbsp;ciljnom&nbsp;<br />jeziku. Pri tome se želi istražiti uočena tendencija da se u njemačkom jeziku medicinska nazivlja&nbsp;<br />vi&scaron;e upotrebljavaju sa njemačkom umjesto latinskom ili grčkom stručnom terminologijom, &scaron;to čini<br />razumijevanje &nbsp;medicinskih &nbsp;tekstova &nbsp;i &nbsp;priručnika &nbsp;pisanih &nbsp;na &nbsp;njemačkom &nbsp;jeziku &nbsp;težim &nbsp;kako &nbsp;za&nbsp;<br />stručnjake tako i za laike ovdje u Bosni i Hercegovini (BiH). Isto se odnosi i na pacijente iz BiH&nbsp;<br />koji se liječe u njemačkom govornom području i koji ne mogu razumjeti nalaze i mi&scaron;ljenja u kojima&nbsp;<br />su kori&scaron;teni njemački medicinski pojmovi. Takva ograničenja u razumijevanju ilustrira sljedeći&nbsp;<br />primjer, u kojem se koristi Sauerstoffs&auml;ttigung umjesto Saturation u nalazu o koroni, dok se u b,&nbsp;<br />h, s jeziku za isti pojam koristi strani termin saturacija. Medicinski radnici iz BiH koji rade u&nbsp;<br />njemačkom govornom području prijavljuju slične probleme. Njihovo poznavanje njemačkog jezika&nbsp;<br />na općem nivou nije dovoljno za njihov svakodnevni rad zbog nedostatka poznavanja njemačke&nbsp;<br />medicinske &nbsp;terminologije, &nbsp;s &nbsp;kojom &nbsp;se &nbsp;prvi &nbsp;put &nbsp;susreću &nbsp;u &nbsp;svom &nbsp;radu. &nbsp;Stoga &nbsp;je &nbsp;glavni &nbsp;cilj &nbsp;ove&nbsp;<br />kontrastivne &nbsp;analize &nbsp;na &nbsp;etimolo&scaron;kom &nbsp;i &nbsp;semantičkom &nbsp;nivou &nbsp;odrediti &nbsp;učestalost &nbsp;pojavljivanja&nbsp;<br />njemačkih &nbsp;medicinskih &nbsp;pojmova &nbsp;i &nbsp;posuđenica &nbsp;u &nbsp;korpusu. &nbsp;Nadalje &nbsp;će &nbsp;se &nbsp;analiza &nbsp;na &nbsp;oba &nbsp;nivoa&nbsp;<br />provesti &nbsp;i &nbsp;za &nbsp;b, &nbsp;h, &nbsp;s &nbsp;ekvivalente &nbsp;unutar &nbsp;korpusa, &nbsp;&scaron;to &nbsp;u &nbsp;konačnici &nbsp;daje &nbsp;odgovarajući &nbsp;pregled&nbsp;<br />terminologizacije jezika medicinske struke u dva kontrastirana jezika.</p>

<p>Organizacijska pravednost predstavlja važan konstrukt u organizacijskoj psihologiji a isti se&nbsp;<br />se prema Cropanzanu (2007) može definisati kao stepen percepcije zaposlenika o tome da li&nbsp;<br />se &nbsp;u &nbsp;organizaciji &nbsp;prema &nbsp;njima &nbsp;postupa &nbsp;pravedno. &nbsp;Organizacijska &nbsp;klima &nbsp;pravednosti&nbsp;<br />predstavlja &nbsp;zajednički &nbsp;doživljaj &nbsp;pravednosti &nbsp;članova &nbsp;tima &nbsp;te &nbsp;je &nbsp;najče&scaron;će &nbsp;povezana &nbsp;sa&nbsp;<br />povjerenjem u rukovodstvo. S druge strane, uspje&scaron;nost u radu doprinosi ukupnom zadovoljstvu&nbsp;<br />zaposlenika, koje je u velikoj mjeri uslovljeno odnosom sa rukovodiocima. &nbsp;Ovaj rad se usmjerio&nbsp;<br />na &nbsp;ispitivanje &nbsp;odnosa &nbsp;i &nbsp;međuzavisnosti &nbsp;dimenzija &nbsp;organizacijske &nbsp;klime &nbsp;pravednosti &nbsp;i&nbsp;<br />angažovanosti nastavnika u osnovnim &scaron;kolama. Tačnije, nastojalo se utvrditi u kojoj mjeri se&nbsp;<br />dimenzije &nbsp;organizacijske &nbsp;klime &nbsp;pravednosti &nbsp;direktora &nbsp;mogu &nbsp;posmatrati &nbsp;kao &nbsp;prediktori&nbsp;<br />angažovanosti nastavnika. Uzorak je obuhvatio 156 nastavnika iz &nbsp;osnovnih &scaron;kola s područja&nbsp;<br />grada Gračanica, među kojima je 105 (67,3%) ispitanica ženskog spola.&nbsp;<br />U &nbsp;istraživanju &nbsp;su &nbsp;kori&scaron;tena &nbsp;su &nbsp;dva &nbsp;instrumenta: &nbsp;Upitnik &nbsp;organizacijske &nbsp;klime &nbsp;pravednosti&nbsp;<br />(Jakopec i &Scaron;u&scaron;anj, 2014) i Utrechtova ljestvica radnog angažmana (UWES; Bakker i Schaufeli,&nbsp;<br />2004), &nbsp;koji &nbsp;su &nbsp;primjenjeni &nbsp;metodom &nbsp;papir-olovka, &nbsp;uz &nbsp;dobrovoljni &nbsp;pristanak &nbsp;i &nbsp;garantovanu&nbsp;<br />anonimnost &nbsp;ispitanika. &nbsp;Glavni &nbsp;rezultati &nbsp;sugeri&scaron;u &nbsp;da &nbsp;sve &nbsp;tri &nbsp;dimenzije &nbsp;organizacijske &nbsp;klime&nbsp;<br />pravednosti &nbsp;imaju &nbsp;statistički &nbsp;značajan &nbsp;doprinos &nbsp;angažovanosti &nbsp;nastavnika, &nbsp;pri &nbsp;čemu &nbsp;je, &nbsp;na&nbsp;<br />prvom mjestu doprinos interakcijske, zatim proceduralne i potom distributivne pravednosti.&nbsp;<br />Rezultati istraživanja nas dovode do zaključka da dimenzije organizacijske klime pravednosti&nbsp;<br />direktora mogu biti kori&scaron;tene kao prediktori angažovanosti nastavnika.&nbsp;</p>

<p>Ovaj rad poja&scaron;njava primjenu novih proizvoda informacionih &nbsp;tehnologija u nastavi Tjelesnog i&nbsp;<br />zdravstvenog odgoja kroz primjer aplikacije &bdquo;Lesson Study Analyst for Physical Education&ldquo; u&nbsp;<br />svrhu analize časa Tjelesnog i zdravstvenog odgoja, održanog u srednjoj &scaron;koli u Brezi, a u sklopu&nbsp;<br />online treninga JICA &ldquo;Quality Physical Education&ldquo;. Održani čas je snimljen potom analiziran&nbsp;<br />aplikacijom &nbsp;&bdquo;LSA &nbsp;for &nbsp;PE&ldquo;, &nbsp;uz &nbsp;prethodnu &nbsp;suglasnost &nbsp;roditelja &nbsp;učenika &nbsp;odjeljenja. &nbsp;Aplikacija,&nbsp;<br />primjenjiva na iOS uređajima, identifikovala je trajanje i analizu časa prema prostoru utjecaja&nbsp;<br />kao i interakciju i pona&scaron;anje nastavnika. Kroz primjere primjene aplikacije u eksperimentalnim&nbsp;<br />istraživanjima, može se uočiti njena značajnost primjene u edukaciji nastavnika razredne nastave,&nbsp;<br />nastavnika &nbsp;i &nbsp;profesora &nbsp;tjelesnog &nbsp;odgoja, &nbsp;te &nbsp;u &nbsp;kontinuiranom &nbsp;procesu &nbsp;pobolj&scaron;anja &nbsp;stručnih &nbsp;i&nbsp;<br />profesionalnih kompetencija pedagoga tjelesnog odgoja.&nbsp;</p>

<p>U ovom radu ćemo pomoću planarnih grafova napraviti klasifikaciju pravilnih poledara i vidjeti&nbsp;<br />jo&scaron; neke mogućnosti primjene grafova u geometriji.</p>

<p>The &nbsp;current &nbsp;practice &nbsp;within &nbsp;the &nbsp;Bosnian-Herzegovinian &nbsp;educational &nbsp;system &nbsp;indicates&nbsp;<br />inconsistencies in implementing intercultural and &nbsp;intracultural educational practices. They are&nbsp;<br />not even differentiated but rather equated. However, for the preservation of all the values that&nbsp;<br />Bosnia &nbsp;and &nbsp;Herzegovina &nbsp;embodies, &nbsp;it &nbsp;is &nbsp;necessary &nbsp;to &nbsp;preserve &nbsp;the &nbsp;unique &nbsp;BosnianHerzegovinian &nbsp;habitus, &nbsp;composed &nbsp;of &nbsp;all &nbsp;cultural &nbsp;traditions &nbsp;(Bosniak, &nbsp;Croatian, &nbsp;Serbian,&nbsp;<br />Jewish, Roma, and others), and this can only be achieved through intracultural education.&nbsp;<br />What needs to be done within the educational system is the introduction of the subject of course&nbsp;<br />&ldquo;Intracultural &nbsp;education&rdquo; &nbsp;in &nbsp;primary &nbsp;and &nbsp;secondary &nbsp;schools &nbsp;and &nbsp;the &nbsp;implementation &nbsp;of&nbsp;<br />intracultural &nbsp;policies &nbsp;through &nbsp;the &nbsp;ministries &nbsp;of &nbsp;education &nbsp;at &nbsp;the &nbsp;state, &nbsp;entity, &nbsp;and &nbsp;cantonal&nbsp;<br />levels, as well as intracultural education across all segments of society. This paper highl ights&nbsp;<br />the differences between intercultural and intracultural education and provides guidelines on&nbsp;<br />how to implement the necessary intracultural education policy. As a paradigm, some positive&nbsp;<br />practices within Bosnian-Herzegovinian culture and literature are presented, which can serve&nbsp;<br />as a good foundation for further action.</p>

Introduction: Vaccines for protection against 10 infectious diseases are available in the Program of Regular Immunization in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. These vaccines save the lives of up to 3 million people worldwide every year. The latest report of the Institute of Public Health of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina on regular immunization carried out during 2020 shows that the rate of vaccination of children during the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic with regular vaccines has decreased compared to previous years. Such a situation in the health system leads to a potential risk of outbreaks of infectious diseases that are prevented by vaccination.Objective: To examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the regular immunization of children in the Mostar Health Center.Materials and methods: A retrospective cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted. Data on regular immunization of children from theMostar Health Center, Herzegovina-Neretva County in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina from 2017, 2018, 2021 and 2022 were used.Results: A statistically significant difference was obtained in vaccination against measles, mumps and rubella during a period of four years. Vaccination with the mentioned vaccines was significantly higher in 2017 and 2018 than in 2021 and 2022.Conclusion: It was shown that the COVID-19 pandemic affected the regular immunization of children in the Mostar Health Center.Keywords: regular immunization of children, COVID 19 pandemic, MMR vaccine, Mostar