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Background: Transplantation of cells, tissues, and organs enables many patients to regain impaired organ function, promoting healing or prolonging life and improving overall quality of life. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and attitudes of students in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina regarding organ donation and transplantation of organs. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 255 students from four different faculties in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with the majority enrolled in either the Faculty of Medicine or the Faculty of Health Sciences. The students collected data using a self-administrative questionnaire, providing sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge and attitudes about organ donation and transplantation. Statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel version 3645 and R studio v2024.04.2, based on R 4.4.1. Results: Out of all students, 49 of them (19.3%) demonstrated poor knowledge, while 131 students (51.6%) exhibited average knowledge. Analyzing the data by Faculty type revealed significantly higher levels of knowledge among students in Medical and Health faculties compared to those in the Educational Science Faculty (χ2=10.196, p=0.006). Regarding attitudes, 56 students (22%) had a negative attitude, while 117 students (45.9%) had a highly positive attitude. Only 13 students (5.1%) owned a donor card. Conclusion: Students from Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Health Sciences generally possess higher basic knowledge about organ donation, yet despite this knowledge, their attitudes toward organ donation often remain negative. It is essential to implement effective strategies aimed at raising awareness and fostering a positive attitude toward organ donation.

In this paper, a simulator for assessing the possibility of PV integration to the medium voltage distribution network is developed. The PV location and peak power are defined in advance. The simulator is based on sequential Monte Carlo simulation with various possible uncertainties such as photovoltaic production and load. In addition, the sequential simulation enables detection of period when the network constraints are violated. For this analysis, time series of essential variables such as PV system production and load are modeled. Based on the results of power flow calculation, probability distributions of the voltage at various nodes, the loads on individual lines as well as the probability of network constraints exceeding are determined. Depending on the network constraints, possibility of connecting the PV system to the network at the desired location is assessed. The power flow calculation is executed by using the OpenDSS simulator, while the input time series are prepared in Matlab. The method presented in this paper is tested on IEEE 33 distribution test network.

In this paper an experimental analysis was done aiming at studying the possibility of applying Peltier thermoelectric modules for building heating, more precisely, the optimization of a heat exchanger was performed. The concept of the system was designed to work without freon and harmful impact on the environment. The paper aims to develop a detailed mathematical optimization model of the existing heat exchanger for space heating by natural convection. Based on the optimal model, the new aluminum heat exchanger was created. The experiment was designed so that the Peltier elements were positioned on the heat exchangers and the input current and temperatures were measured. Firstly, experimental measurements were performed for the existing commercial heat exchanger, and, then, measurements were repeated with a new optimal heat exchanger under the same conditions. The coefficient of performance of a space heating system using a Peltier thermoelectric generator has a low value if the system operates with natural convection and heat exchangers without optimal fin spacing. Optimizing the distance between the fins on the heat exchanger provides an increase in heat flow by convection almost up to ten times and the coefficient of performance increases more than three times. This work has mathematically and experimentally confirmed that there is optimal fin spacing for finned heat exchangers with natural convection.

Background: The Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) remains a major public health challenge worldwide, with survival outcomes heavily influenced by early intervention. The presence of an initial shockable rhythm significantly increases the likelihood of survival when combined with timely cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and defibrillation. Objective: To analyze patient outcomes and the incidence of bystander and dispatch-guided CPR in cases of OHCA with an initial shockable rhythm treated by physician-led emergency medical teams in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Methods: Data for this study were collected over a 5-year period, from January 2019 to September 2023, using the Utstein protocol. Hospital records were analyzed to determine patient outcomes, with a focus on the 30-day survival rate and favorable neurological outcomes. Instances of dispatch-guided and bystander CPR were recorded for each case based on available patient records. Results: In this study, 1,020 patients were included, with 151 cases (14.8%) having an initial shockable rhythm, of which 14.3% of males and 4.4% of females achieved return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). ROSC rates varied by year, with the highest in 2019 (20.4%) and 2022 (17.9%). Thirty-day survival with a good neurological outcome was observed in a small percentage of cases. The initial shockable rhythm was found to be statistically significant (p<0.001) for achieving a good neurological outcome after 30 days. Dispatch-guided CPR was attempted in 12.9% of cases, with success in 1.9%. Bystander CPR was performed in 1.4% of cases, and only one case involved the use of an automated external defibrillator (AED). The median response time for successful resuscitations was 2 minutes, while for unsuccessful resuscitations, it was 6 minutes. The findings emphasize the role of age, initial rhythm, and response time in determining outcomes for OHCA patients. Conclusion: The promising survival rate of OHCA patients, despite limited bystander CPR, highlights the impact of short response times and skilled physician-led teams, underscoring the need for public education and a unified registry to address gaps and better understand OHCA epidemiology in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Background: In the year 2024 Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) celebrates 130 years anniversary of establishing the Regional hospital in Sarajevo (Landesspittal) which played great role in healthcare protection of B&H population and also of education over 60 percent of medical staff in B&H. Great role have had also a lot of other medical institutions in B&H, most of them established and organized during Austro-Hungarian period. Objective: The aim of this article was to describe historical facts how mentioned institutions were founded and what was importance of functioning all of them during the past. Methods: The author searched important historical facts about establishing and works of hospital anf other institutions and their roles in healthcare protection of population in B&H in period from 1878 until 1941. using facts published in the books and articles deposited in indexed databases PubMed Central, Scopus, etc. Results and Discussion: During Ottoman Empire were established 5 Waqf''s hospitals (Sarajevo, Tuzla, Banja Luka, Mostar and Travnik by Governor Sherif Osman Topal Pasha (1861 until 1869)). After Berlin Congress and ocupation by Austro-Hungarians for 6 District - 6 Governments (Sarajevo, Banja Luka, Bihac, Travnik, Tuzla and Mostar, Bosnian Council has appointed district medical references, and in 66 districts (counties) were set up district, and county medical officers, mostly doctors. In each county council there was a sanitary commission of 3 members (the district doctor, a police officer and municipal councilor), whose task was to carry out sanitary control (inspection). The Medical Department of the Provincial Government published the relevant legal acts and regulations at the state level, The first official hospital established in B&H was Land hospital opened in 1894 and had 303 hospital beds in 4 departments: the first Internal Department with diseases of the throat and nose (not the ear) with 45-50 beds, the Second - Surgical Department with ophtalmology (for ear surgery) with 45-50 beds, the Third - Dermatology and Venerology ward with 70-80 beds and the fourth - Gynaecology-Obstetrics Department with 70-80 beds. It will be a good basis for training future teachers pioneers of medicine and generations of medical students attend the 80 years of study in Sarajevo. True, most students of this generation will be mobilized during the war, some will move on to medical faculties in other cities Tuzla, Banja Luka, Mostar, Foca, Zenica, Bihac. The first Faculty of Medicine in Bosnia and Herzegovina officialy established in November 16th 1946. Conclusion: All institutions described in this article played important role in the history of healthcare education and healthcare protection.

Acute mesenteric ischaemia (AMI) is a serious disease with mortality between 50 and 80 %. Oxidative stress plays a major role in the pathophysiology of AMI. AMI should be considered for any acute abdominal pain that requires analgesia with morphine and for which no other obvious aetiology is found. CT is the main diagnostic procedure to confirm the diagnosis of AMI. There is no specific diagnostic biomarker for AMI that can be used in routine practice. AMI is an urgent diagnostic and therapeutic situation. Treatment of AMI includes a protocol combining digestive rest, curative anticoagulant, antiplatelet, antibiotic therapy, arterial revascularisation to salvage viable bowel and resection of necrotic digestive segments. The strategy of revascularisation depends on the mechanism of arterial occlusion, the morphological appearance of the lesions and the indications for exploratory laparotomy. Endovascular and open surgical techniques can be combined and complemented. Open surgical revascularisation is indicated in case of failure or impossibility of endovascular revascularisation and in case of need for laparotomy. Early diagnosis and timely surgical intervention are the cornerstones of modern treatment to reduce the high mortality of AMI. The emergence of endovascular approaches and modern imaging techniques is developing and providing new treatment options. A multidisciplinary approach based on early diagnosis and treatment is necessary.

Introduction/Aim. Plums, as one of the oldest types of fruits, are very important in the human diet. The most common varieties of plums cultivated in the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina are Požegača, Čačanska lepotica, Čačanska rodna and Valjevka. They belong to the group of basic fruits rich in various vitamins and minerals. In addition, plum seed oil is used in the cosmetic industry. This oil is a rich source of biologically active components with proven biological effects - it hydrates the skin and improves its elasticity; the skin easily absorbs it without leaving a greasy film on the surface. The aim of this study was to find the optimal method for isolating fatty oil from the seeds of four types of plums with the best characteristics. Their potential as raw material in the cosmetic industry through the application of supercritical and Soxhlet extraction and their characterization was examined. Methods. Fatty oils were extracted by conventional Soxhlet extraction with non-polar organic solvent and by supercritical extraction with carbon dioxide. The AOAC 930.15 method was used to determine the moisture content of the plum seeds. The oils were characterized by determining the organoleptic characteristics, as well as the acid, iodine, saponification and peroxide number. Results. The fattiest oil was obtained from the pits of the Čačanka rodna plum using the both extraction methods, supercritical and Soxhlet extraction. Fatty oil of Požegača had the lowest values of iodine and peroxide number, while the acid and saponification number were the lowest within the oil from Valjevka and Čačanka rodna, respectively. Conclusion. Both extraction methods showed good extraction yields, with higher extraction capacity using Soxhlet extraction. Čačanka rodna had the highest amount of oil. Fatty oils from all varietes showed excellent characteristics, so the plum kernels can be potentially used for obtaining fatty oil for cosmetic purposes due to its beneficial effect on the skin.

Cellular manufacturing represents one of the important segments in the application of the concept of Lean production, which is realized through the development and application of flexible manufacturing systems (FMS). FMS represent the basis for the production system to simultaneously achieve a high level of flexibility and productivity, that is, to be considered agile. However, due to their high production and technological capabilities, prices and investment costs, they require conditions that ensure their rational exploitation. Taking into account the increasingly complex conditions of production and placement of products, a systematic approach to the design and application of FMS is necessary, which will include the most important technological and economic characteristics. In this paper, on the example of the formed technological group of gears, the methodology of process planning and evaluation of the effects of cellular manufacturing is presented, as a basis for the rational development and techno-economic application of FMS.

The evolution of training and skills development at BENU Pharmacies represents a remarkable journey characterized by strategic foresight and adaptability within the rapidly evolving pharmaceutical industry. Since its inception, BENU Pharmacies has exemplified a strong commitment to operational excellence and workforce development through a meticulously structured approach to training (1-3). Training and development are essential components of organizational success, particularly in industries as dynamic and regulated as pharmaceuticals (4). The ability to continuously enhance both technical and interpersonal skills is crucial for maintaining high standards of service delivery, adapting to emerging industry trends, and meeting the ever-changing needs of customers (5,6). Effective training programs not only ensure that employees are proficient in their technical roles but also foster a culture of continuous improvement and innovation.