The challenge of ensuring safety in autonomous driving or sailing involves predicting and replicating various potential scenarios on roads and waterways, posing difficulties and high costs. In response, the European project 5G-Blueprint addresses this by introducing a complementary technology, i.e., teleoperation, which leverages 5G connectivity to enable human interventions in complex situations beyond autonomous capabilities, thereby removing the physical link between the human operator and the remotely controlled vehicle/vessel. This operational mode brings stringent connectivity requirements, including high uplink bandwidth for transmitting video streams from onboard cameras to the teleoperation center, low latency, and an ultra-reliable connection for relaying commands from the teleoperator to the remote vehicle/vessel. Additionally, it emphasizes minimal interruption time when the teleoperated vehicle/vessel crosses international borders, ensuring seamless connectivity and uninterrupted remote operation. Therefore, this paper summarizes extensive evaluations of network and service performance, highlighting key results across pilot locations and providing conclusions and analysis of 5G-enhanced teleoperation in various use cases. Additionally, it outlines lessons learned from pilot activities.

A generation of orthogonal signals in single-phase systems, crucial for various applications such as power converters synchronization, faces challenges in handling disturbances like DC offset and low order harmonics present in power grids. This paper presents an orthogonal signal generator based on the principles of adaptive noise canceller, offering immunity to low order harmonics and DC offset. By leveraging adaptive techniques, this novel generator surpasses traditional approaches, which lack disturbance rejection capabilities. Simulation results in MATLAB validate the performance and robustness of the proposed generator, marking a significant advancement in generating orthogonal signals for single-phase systems.

This study offers experimental testing of commercial and laboratory inverters, utilized in a laboratory prototype of an urban microgrid. Operation of grid inverters supplied by PV arrays in urban environments, encounters challenges such as partial shading and soiling. Emulation of the current-voltage characteristics of PV arrays enables repeated and reliable testing of inverter operation under irregular supply conditions. It has been shown that finding the maximum power point can be challenging under conditions of partial shading and soiling. Additionally, meeting the grid quality standards for the delivered power represents a challenge. Satisfying these requirements can be achieved through careful design of LCL filters at inverter output terminals, but further improvement can be achieved only through an adequate selection of the primary controller. To further improve the quality of grid currents, the possibility of applying innovative control algorithms has been demonstrated for laboratory inverters. Application of sliding mode controllers, besides ensuring system robustness, can prevent overshoots and fault responses from the current protection circuit by introducing a specific anti-windup structure.

We prove that $J(R_e)=R_e\cap J(R),$ where $S$ is a cancellative partial groupoid with idempotent $e,$ $R=\bigoplus_{s\in S}R_s$ an Artinian $S$-graded ring inducing $S,$ $J(R)$ the Jacobson radical of $R$ and $J(R_e)$ the Jacobson radical of $R_e.$ We also prove that $J(R)$ is nil if $J(R_e)$ is nil under certain assumptions.

Background: Most human movements are supported by its functional capabilities of the anaerobic type, which is dominated by submaximal and maximal sports activities performed in a short time. Functional capabilities of the anaerobic type of man participate in most of his movement activities. Conditioned on adequate and extremely good interaction and functioning of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, morphological status, metabolic processes, muscle structure, nutritional status, physical activity, etc. Purpose: The research was conducted in the conditions of the so-called field testing with the primary goal of assessing the acute state of anaerobic abilities of physical and sports students, by calculating the fatigue index (FI). Methods: The sample included 80 students of Physical and Sports Education, different geographical regions, average weight 77.88±8.49kg, age 20-23 years. The Running Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST) was used to assess FI, and the basic statistical parameters were calculated. Results: The average value of the student's leg power is 573.89 watts (378.42 watts vs. 817.99watts), and the recorded average (FI) of 8.35 watts/sec (3.97watts/sec. vs. 16.93watts/sec.). Conclusions: The obtained results confirmed the average values of anaerobic capacity which are suitable for the examined population of subjects, while the maximal the value of FI suggests a weaker state of the anaerobic capacity of the individuals (less tolerance to lactates).

Independent of the respective NFC (near field communication) application the specific NFC device has to be tested for standard compliance. In the present work we propose a hybrid surrogate-model based synthesis strategy which enables the incorporation of standard compliance tests in the synthesis process. While the surrogate model is used in early optimization phases applying a stochastic optimization strategy, the highfidelity model is applied in the final deterministic optimization part. The high fidelity model is based on a thin wire partial element equivalent circuit method.

Abstract Digital technology has become inseparable from all core and supportive processes because of the intensive use of different digital tools. The paper aimed to determine teachers’ views on the impact of digital technology on business processes in higher education institutions - whether they recognize the impact and how they evaluate it. The survey was conducted among the teachers of the public University in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The results show that digital technology has a positive and mostly strong or medium impact on business processes in higher education institutions. The work on international research and educational projects and the teaching process are the most influenced by digital technology. It has a stronger impact on the core processes than on supportive activities. Teachers recognize the influence of digital transformation on all processes at universities, both core and supporting. The influence is stronger with core processes.

Physical literacy (PL) is the foundation for lifelong participation in physical activity. Most previous research concentrated on PL examinations in younger groups, while such research is scarce in the adult population. This study aimed to determine the PL levels of the Croatian adult population. Also, the aim was to investigate whether individuals with longer participation in organized physical activity have higher PL levels and do males and females differ in PL levels. The sample comprised 561 individuals (321 females, 240 males) aged 27.65±12.13 years. PL levels were assessed by the Croatian version of the Perceived Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPLQ-Cro). Demographic characteristics included age, gender, and years of involvement in organized physical activity. Gender differences were calculated using the Mann-Whitney U test and effect sizes. Spearman correlation coefficients were used to determine associations between study variables. Males had significantly higher PL levels compared to females (83.10±16.17 for males and 74.27±20.07 for females, Z=-6.88, p=0.001). Years of organized physical activity were associated with PL levels (R=0.48, p=0.001) in the total sample as well in males (R=0.55, p<0.001) and females (R=0.24, p<0.01) separately. The finding that years of organized physical activity are associated with total PL supports the theory that PL is the cornerstone for participating in lifetime physical activity. The results of this study emphasize the importance of introducing the concept of PL in numerous institutions and organizations connected with organized physical activity.

Factors associated with doping in sports are frequently studied, but sport specific, gender-stratified investigations are rare. This study aimed to evaluate sociodemographic and sport factors associated with doping tendency (DT) in professional handball players. The participants were handball professionals from Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina (n=173; 22.12±3.11 years of age, 64 females and 109 males) who were tested on sociodemographic variables (gender, age, education), sport factors (experience in sport, achievement at the junior and senior level), and doping factors (personal opinion on the problem of doping, doping knowledge, and personal DT). Logistic regressions with sociodemographic- and sport-factors as predictors were calculated for binarized outcome (positive DT vs. negative DT). A greater likelihood of having a positive DT was found for males than for females (OR=1.60, 95% CI: 1.16-2.12) and for those who achieved success at the junior level (OR=1.21, 95% CI: 1.02- 1.95). Among females, positive DT increased with experience in handball (OR=1.31, 95% CI: 1.11-1.55). Male players who achieved better competitive/sport results at a younger age were more prone to doping (OR=1.50, 95% CI: 1.21-1.83). While a greater tendency toward doping in males might be expected due to sociocultural factors, the gender-specific associations indicated specific factors that must be noted in the development of anti-doping strategies in this sport.

Abstract In this paper, we investigate the determinants of bank profitability by examining endogenous factors used to measure the size of a financial institution. We underscore the significance of bank employees in embodying institutional values and playing a pivotal role in sales channels, as well as the impact of technological integration on customer expectations and workforce dynamics. Utilizing a dataset from regulatory agencies, which includes information from 47 banks and insurance companies in Bosnia and Herzegovina for the year 2021, the study explores the relationship between the independent variables which include the volume of total assets and the number of employees, and the dependent variable for profitability. By calculating Return on Equity (ROE) and employing a multiple linear regression model, the study finds that a statistically significant relation between independent variables and the dependent variable does not exist. Despite this, the research highlights the need for further investigation, particularly considering the differentiation between banks and insurance companies, the potential impact of outliers, and the broader economic context of the year studied. The findings suggest that a more refined model, possibly incorporating panel data, could provide clearer insights into the profitability determinants of financial institutions in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Abstract The public sector of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBiH) from the aspect of complexity and comprehensiveness, includes all levels of government established within the state government, public companies, and the insurance system including: pension, health and social. The importance of performing duties and obligations in a transparent manner, and the possibility of detecting warning factors for corrupt activity are especially important in the public sector. Corrupt activities at all levels of the state structure of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), as well as fraudulent behaviour and abuses within it, are precisely the consequences of the complexity of the state system, and the impossibility of efficient and rational use of public funds. Adequately organized, in accordance with the law, and accepted as such by employees within a certain public sector organization, internal auditing contributes to more efficient operations and prevention of corrupt practices. The aim of the subject research is to look at the process of functioning of the internal audit in the public sector of FBiH in the field of prevention of corrupt activities. The results of the research indicate the non-functioning and non-establishment of the internal audit in the manner specified by law, as well as the inadequate implementation of its recommendations, degrading and derogating its role, importance and contribution in the prevention of corrupt activities in the public sector of FBiH.

Abstract This literature review focuses on concepts related to the role of information technology (IT) capabilities and managerial support in the context of advancing digital transformation and improving internal audit in the institutional environment. Through the synthesis of relevant academic sources, it is investigated how IT capacities and strategic management support influence the organizational ability to adapt to digital innovations. Special emphasis is placed on the complex dynamics that shape the interactions between these factors and their impact on institutional responsibility and performance. The results of the literature review illustrate the key mechanisms that support the digital transformation process, including the integration of technological systems, the development of digital competencies, and the role of management in providing resources and support. Further, a deeper understanding of the complexity of these interactions serves as a basis for further research in the field of digital transformation management and internal audit in an institutional context.

Abstract The integration of data analytics into forensic accounting has revolutionized the detection and prevention of financial fraud. This paper conducts a comprehensive analysis of recent advancements in this field, highlighting the application of machine learning, data mining, and big data techniques in identifying fraudulent activities. By reviewing the latest research and examining case studies, we demonstrate the enhanced accuracy and efficiency these technologies offer over traditional methods. The findings suggest that financial institutions should adopt these advanced tools to mitigate fraud risks and improve overall financial security. The paper also explores future research directions, emphasizing the need for developing hybrid models and real-time detection systems to further enhance fraud detection capabilities.