SUMMARY This study aimed to evaluate retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in exfoliation syndrome (XFS), present unilaterally, using optical coherence tomography (OCT). This prospective study included 90 examinees with unilateral syndrome. However, examinees with higher intraocular pressure or findings implicative of glaucoma were excluded from the study, as well as examinees with optic nerve changes. In individuals with unilateral XFS, OCT findings were compared between the two groups: the affected eye group and the fellow eye group. The study results show that the average thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer, especially in the inferior and superior quadrants, has not resulted in visual field defects in examinees with unilateral XFS. In the group of eyes without XFS, 85.55% exhibited reference inferior quadrant thickness values, and 91.11% exhibited reference superior quadrant thickness values. In the group of eyes with manifest XFS, 82.22% exhibited reference inferior quadrant thickness values, and 88.88% exhibited reference superior quadrant thickness values. Most examinees in both groups had normal average retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness (72.22%). In examinees with clinically unilateral XFS, RNFL thinning occurs in both eyes before XFS becomes bilateral and before hypertensive intraocular pressure can be measured.

The favorable characteristics of veneer boards—plywood—enable their wide application. There is also the possibility of enhancing plywood, such as by coating it with various films, applying coatings, reinforcing it with fibers from different materials, and using improved adhesive formulas. Basalt fibers, as a natural and environmentally friendly material, are used in various forms with quite good characteristics. Results from various tests conducted in recent years indicate an improvement in the mechanical properties of composite boards, including plywood reinforced with fibers like basalt fibers. These tests were focused on determining the position and contribution of basalt fibers in the board’s structure, as well as the application of certain environmentally friendly adhesives. For this study, samples of composite material based on wood, specifically plywood reinforced with a basalt mesh, were prepared. The basalt mesh was placed within the plywood structure in various combinations of position and amount. Subsequently, a three-point bending strength test was conducted to determine the impact of the basalt mesh on the strength of the plywood. The increase in strength opens up possibilities for expanded use, material savings, and a reduction in the overall weight of the structure, which is crucial in certain applications of such boards.

Floating Modular Energy Islands (FMEIs) are modularized, interconnected floating structures that function together to produce, store, possibly convert and transport renewable energy. Recent technological advancements in the offshore energy sector indicate that the concept of floating offshore energy islands has the potential to become more cost-effective and more widespread than previously anticipated. This review is specifically meant as a basis for the development of new approaches to the sustainable exploitation of multi-energy sources in the offshore environment leveraging the know-how of existing technologies and, at the same time, exploring new solutions for the specific challenges of FMEIs. The paper critically analyzes the current state of data-driven approaches and structural health monitoring techniques in the offshore energy sector. It also covers topics such as met-ocean data, loads estimation, platform dynamics, coupling actions, nonlinear dynamics of mooring lines, modelling considerations, and control of electrical subsystems. It is believed that this systematic and multidisciplinary review will facilitate synergies and further enhance research and development of offshore renewable energies.

Currently, there is significant effort worldwide in the research and development of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathrm{{SF}}_{6}$</tex-math></inline-formula>-free high-voltage circuit breakers, both in academia and industry. One of the most important switching capabilities is thermal current interruption, a process that, in modern self-blast breakers, strongly depends on the coupled effects of nozzle geometry, nozzle ablation, backheating, pressure build-up and gas outflow, as well as contact and puffer cylinder motion actuated through the drive. Previously published investigations on the thermal interruption performance of novel switching gases have used such designs, however, due to the many coupled processes, it is not possible to control the interruption conditions in order to make a full and comparative evaluation of different <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathrm{{SF}}_{6}$</tex-math></inline-formula> alternative gas mixtures. The aim of the present contribution is to present an experimental circuit breaker tailored for use in basic experiments that allow for an unbiased comparison of properties of alternative gas mixtures relevant for current interruption. The breaker is based on a novel puffer design with an overpressure relief valve that allows the contact stroke and blow pressure to be predicted, controlled and adjusted over a wide parameter range at current zero. This contribution lists the requirements for such an experimental circuit breaker and focuses on its design realization. Experimental validation is given that this device can be used in benchmarking the interruption characteristics of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathrm{{SF}}_{6}$</tex-math></inline-formula> alternatives. Systematic comparison of the thermal interruption performance of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathrm{{SF}}_{6}$</tex-math></inline-formula> alternatives and investigations of the processes around current zero will be reported in other publications.

The beneficial effect of thermomineral (sulfur) water in the treatment of degenerative rheumatic diseases of the peripheral joints is the result of the incorporation of sulfur in the form of sulfates and sulfides into the cartilaginous parts of the joints. The aim research is to examine the therapeutic effects of thermomineral-sulfur water from Ilidza-Sarajevo using the iontophoresis method in osteoarthritis of the knee and compare it with the effects of the classic galvanization method. The study was observational, prospective, included 100 participants with osteoartritis of the knee, 50 in the Iontophoresis group with sulfur water (ISW) and 50 in the group where the Classic galvanization method (CG) was applied, both genders, aged between 31 and 80. The research was conducted in two Centers for Physical medicine and rehabilitation in Sarajevo Canton. The research results show that there is a statistically significant difference in the reduction of pain in patients after 10 days of therapy, using the ISW method 33%, with the CG method it is 24% (p< 0.05). After 15 days of treatment using the ISW method 57%, according to the CG method 45% (p<0.05). The increase in the range of mobility of the knee joint with the ISW method after 10 days of treatment is 13%, and with CG 10% (p=0.336). Results after 15 days of therapy with the ISW method 22%, and with CG treatment 16% (p=0.074). The use of Ilidza sulfuric water using the iontophoresis method in osteoarthritis of the knee improves the establishment of the functional ability of the knee joint.

The aim of this research was to examine whether there is a statistically significant relationship between shoulder flexibility, anthropometric characteristics and swimming speed short distance in kinesiology students. The study included 16 participants 22 years old, male and female with an average body weight 77.7±16,42 kg and 179±9 cm. All students included in the research attended swimming class in the third semester at the Faculty of Kinesiology University of Sarajevo. The study was applied to 5 measuring instruments: measuring instruments for the assessment of flexibility (2); Measuring instruments for the evaluation of morphological characteristics (2); Measuring instrument for the assessments of swimming speed (1). Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to determine the level of interconnection for assessing the relationship between two variables. Data collection for shoulder flexibility was measured using a shoulder elevation test, and stick rotation test, while swimming speed was measured with a digital stopwatch. The analysis of the results did not demonstrate a single significant feature that would allow the confirmation of the assumptions about the significant relations between flexibility and performance in swimming.

Smart technologies are increasingly used in agriculture, with drones becoming one of the key tools in agricultural production. This study aims to evaluate affordable drones for agricultural use in the Posavina region, located in northern Bosnia and Herzegovina. To determine which drones deliver the best results for small and medium-sized farms, ten criteria were used to evaluate eight drones. Through expert evaluation, relevant criteria were first established and then used to assess the drones. The selected drones are designed for crop monitoring and are priced under EUR 2000. Using the fuzzy A-SWARA (Adapted Step-wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis) method, it was determined that the most important criteria for drone selection are control precision, flight autonomy, and ease of use, all of which are technical attributes. The fuzzy MARCOS method revealed that the best-performing drones are also the most affordable. The drones D5, D4, and D8 demonstrated the best results. These findings were confirmed through comparative analysis and sensitivity analysis. Their features are not significantly different from those of more expensive models and can, therefore, be effectively used for smart agriculture. This study demonstrates that drones can be a valuable tool for small farms, helping to enhance agricultural practices and productivity.

The shortage of applications for fellowships in nephrology is a worldwide challenge. This is the first survey to explore in Europe the reasons physicians choose (and do not choose) a career in nephrology. An anonymous questionnaire was sent to the presidents of societies that are members of the European Renal Association (ERA), who invited trainees and nephrologists to respond. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v.26. (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Continuous variables were compared by Student's t-test or by one-way ANOVA. Responders included 516 (49%) females and 542 (51%) males. They comprised 278 (26%) trainees, and 780 (74%) nephrologists. The majority (64%) believe that students have an unfavourable perception of nephrology. For trainees, nephrology is not considered an attractive option due to ‘chronically ill patients’ (35%), ‘lack of contact during undergraduate training’ (37%), ‘nephrology is too challenging’ (38%), ‘poor remuneration’ (22%), ‘negative role models’ (15%), and ‘long working hours’ (14%). The factors with the greatest impact on choosing a career include a positive role model (46%), practical experience during medical school and early postgraduate training (42%). Trainees emphasize that work–life balance is very important for the younger generation. A strong mentorship along with early engagement is associated with a higher likelihood of pursuing a career in nephrology. It is crucial to create a strategy that will provide a positive experience, renew the interest in nephrology careers and ensure enough nephrologists to treat the growing number of patients with kidney disease.

The incorporation of waste glass as a component in clinker production presents a sustainable approach to addressing critical challenges in the cement industry, including the reduction of CO2 emissions and effective waste management. Waste glass, characterized by its high silica content and alkali properties, can serve as an alternative alkali source in clinker manufacturing, replacing traditional raw materials and regulating the alkali-sulphur ratio. This dual functionality not only optimizes the chemical balance in the kiln process but also enhances clinker quality by controlling phase formation. The utilization of waste materials in industrial processes is increasingly significant in promoting circular economy principles. Integrating waste glass reduces the dependence on natural raw materials such as limestone and clay, which are associated with high energy and CO2 emission intensities during production. Furthermore, waste glass contributes to a reduction in the carbon footprint of cement production by facilitating lower-temperature clinkering, thus cutting energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. This study highlights the potential of waste glass as a viable alternative in clinker production, emphasizing its importance in achieving sustainability goals. Beyond the environmental benefits, adopting waste materials in industrial applications contributes to waste diversion from landfills, resource conservation, and cost efficiencies, aligning with global efforts to mitigate climate change and promote sustainable development.

This study investigates inherent tensions between social media participation and the ways of life in an Indigenous community and subsequent navigation approaches. Relying on an in‐depth qualitative study and the notion of two‐eyed seeing as a theoretical approach, the study focuses on the complex relationship between social media platform participation and the ways of life in a ‘Guarani’ Indigenous community in South America. This community successfully navigates tensions between participation on social media platforms and preserving their traditional ways of life. We contribute to two streams of literature. First, we contribute to the literature on digital platforms and indigeneity showing that social media use by Indigenous communities leads to specific tensions, as these communities try to balance the use of social media with their desire to preserve their ways of life and protect the natural environment and how they navigate these tensions. Second, we contribute to the literature in relation to digital platforms and non‐economic value as we unpack social and environmental value in the context of the Indigenous community and show that non‐economic value benefits multiple entities. Overall, we contribute to a deeper understanding of how Indigenous communities navigate tensions between participation on social media and their traditional way of life. Our study also offers practical insights into how policy makers and designers of social media platforms can better meet Indigenous communities' needs.

This paper investigates the potential use of natural materials and elements for stabilizing indoor humidity levels, focusing on creating healthier living environments in buildings. Unstable indoor microclimates, particularly extreme humidity levels, can negatively affect human health by causing issues such as condensation, mold growth, or dry mucous membranes. In this work, we explore how sorptive materials can maintain indoor humidity within the optimal range of 40–50%. The aim is to identify optimal solutions for moisture control using passive elements, such as unfired ceramic components, which demonstrate high sorption activity within the 35–55% relative humidity range. These elements can effectively absorb moisture from, or release it back into, the indoor environment as needed. Five clay types based on different clay minerals were analyzed in the research in order to assess how their structures influence moisture adsorption behavior. These elements can be combined with green/active elements and standard measures, such as ventilation or targeted room air exchange, to improve indoor humidity regulation. The evaluation of the results so far indicates that the use of clay-based elements in the interior offers a sustainable and natural approach to maintaining optimal indoor microclimate conditions. The slab elements from all 5 clay formulations investigated effectively support indoor humidity stabilization.

Understanding how spirituality affects mental health can provide important insights into treatment and support methods for people with mental illness. In modern society, spirituality is increasingly recognized as an important aspect of human life. It signifies the deep values and life views that people want to live by. A higher level of spirituality aids personal growth and development, including an individual's mental health and emotional well-being. Providing spiritual health care is considered important for the prevention of depressive symptoms and includes activities such as listening to patients, offering peace, respect, comfort and hope. A holistic approach to treating patients is increasingly being recognized and applied throughout the world. A holistic approach to health recognizes the interconnectivity of the psychological, social, biological and spiritual aspects of a person, which is reflected in the application of various methods including medication, education, communication, self-help and alternative therapies. History shows that scientific research has long confirmed the connection between spirituality and improved health. Spirituality seems increasingly important in the context of increased life stress, and recent research suggests that spiritual practices can contribute to the reduction of depressive symptoms. Spiritual beliefs and practices can also provide comfort to people who are fearful or anxious, increasing their sense of control, security and confidence. The effects of spirituality on mental health are individual and depend on personal beliefs, life experiences and the context in which it is practiced. An individualized approach in the assessment and integration of spiritual and religious aspects in the treatment of mental disorders is key. This paper explores the connection between spirituality and mental illness, with the aim of illuminating how spirituality can be both a source of support and challenge for people struggling with mental disorders. Keywords: spirituality, mental diseases, mental health

Objective: This study explores the adverse effects to different messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines (BNT162b2/Pfizer or mRNA-1273/Moderna) in health-care workers (HCWs) who received a third (booster) dose and were previously vaccinated twice with the adenoviral vector vaccine (ChAdOx1-S/Astra Zeneca). Materials and methods: The data were collected based on surveys of 175 HCWs at the University Clinical Hospital (UCH) Mostar from October 2021 to March 2022. The participants filled out the initial general survey form immediately before the booster vaccination and a second survey form regarding adverse effects after the vaccination. Based on the administered vaccines, HCWs were divided into two groups – Pfizer and Moderna. Data organisation and statistical analysis were performed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS statistical software. Results: Out of 175 participants, 132 (75.4%) had mild adverse effects post-vaccination, while no severe adverse effects were recorded. Adverse effects overall were significantly more frequent in participants vaccinated with the Moderna vaccine compared to the Pfizer vaccine (82.7%, P < 0.001) and were significantly more prevalent in women (82.5%, P = 0.031). Specifically, shoulder pain, chills, shivering, and fever were more frequently reported by participants vaccinated with the Moderna vaccine. Conclusions: Both mRNA vaccines were considered safe to use, while the use of the Pfizer vaccine as a booster dose in a heterologous vaccination approach might have a lower incidence of adverse effects. Thus, the wide range of available vaccines is favourable during pandemic, and their dosages should be reconsidered primarily according to their immunological effectiveness in the future. Keywords: COVID-19, COVID 19 Vaccines, booster vaccination, adverse effects, health-care workers.

Concept of climate-smart forestry, designed for mountain forests, was modified and applied to urban forest areas which are under high anthropogenic and climate change pressures. Accordingly, main objective of the UrbanFoS project is to define soil degradation indicators in urban forests under the umbrella of climate-smart forestry concept. It will be done through three steps: 1. determination of key sensitive properties of soil to degradation processes; 2. field and laboratory climate simulations; 3. definition of ecosystem services of urban forests. As the indicators that define the susceptibility of soil to degradation processes are of key importance for urban forest sustainability, the knowledge gained will be used to develop soil degradation index applicable to urban forest soils under climate change conditions.

Background: Kpa occurs in less than 2 percent of the Caucasian population. Antibody to this low frequency antigen causes mild to moderate delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions and hemolytic disease of fetus and newborn. Screening for antibodies to low frequency antigens such as Kpa is not routine, so sensitization is more difficult to diagnose. Case report: We present a case of hemolytic disease of the newborn due to anti-Kpa antibody unrecognised during regular considered first pregnancy. Results: Newborn, blood group 0 RhD positive, has been diagnosed with neonatal jaundice and positive direct antiglobuline test. Mother's screening test for irregular antibodies was negative three times during pregnancy. Elution was negative with screening red blood cells, but in identification using gel technology with cell's panels, anti-Kpa has been identified. Conclusion: Screening for antibodies to low frequency antigens such as Kpa is not routine, so immunisation to low incidence antigens is hard to diagnose, but very important. This case should alert us that there really is potential of antibodies to low incidence antigens to cause severe reactions. Keywords: Kell blood group system; Hemolytic disease of newborn; red cell alloimmunisation