This paper aims to determine whether there is a difference in anthropometric, morphological characteristics, and motor abilities, between boys and girls at the age of 13-15 years. The study included 95 subjects of which 49 were boys (51.6%) and 46 girls (48.4%), with mean age girls 14.14 and boys 14.40 years. The sample comprised students who belong to the urban area of the City of Tešanjka. The sample of variables in this study consisted of 15 tests of motor abilities and 10 morphological characteristics (body height, body mass, body mass index, etc.). This paper aims to determine whether there are differences in anthropometric characteristics and motor abilities between boys and girls aged 13-15 years. The results obtained in this study were compared with those of previous research, and the conclusions reached through a summary analysis were explained. Boys were taller and heavier at the age of 14. The results show that boys achieved statistically better results in most tests compared to girls of the same age. Keywords: anthropometric characteristics, motor abilities, gender differences, age of fourteen

Objectives. The main objective was to assess the relationship between sociodemographic and occupational factors and stress levels among healthcare workers in family medicine in Bosnia and Herzegovina, using the PSS-10-BH scale. Materials and Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted using the PSS-10-BH questionnaire distributed via Google Forms to primary care nurses and physicians between July and August 2022. Results. The study included 272 participants, with a mean age of 44.7 (±10.55), predominantly women (86.8%) and physicians (58.8%). The mean PSS-10-BH total score for the sample was 21.26 (±6.77) ranging from 3 to 36. The linear regression model indicated male gender and older age showed an association with slightly lower stress levels. Marital status and the number of children showed a slight positive association with stress levels. Occupation (B=-3.068, 95% CI: -5.442 to -0.694, P=0.012) was associated with stress, with physicians tending to report lower stress levels compared to nurses. Years of work experience (B=0.060, 95% CI: -0.190 to 0.309, P=0.636), and patient load (B=0.082, 95% CI: 0.027 to 0.137, P=0.004) were associated with higher stress levels. The results suggest that work-related variables are significant predictors of stress levels as measured by the PSS-10-BH scale in this sample of healthcare workers. The included predictors explain 10% of the variability in the outcome, indicating additional unidentified contributing factors. Conclusion. Occupational factors, particularly profession, work experience, and daily patient load, significantly influence stress levels in healthcare workers. Further research is needed to explore other potential influences and refine interventions aimed at managing stress in this population.

We consider deterministic nonlinear discrete-time systems whose inputs are generated by policy iteration (PI) for undiscounted cost functions. We first assume that PI is recursively feasible, in the sense that the optimization problems solved at each iteration admit a solution. In this case, we provide novel conditions to establish recursive robust stability properties for a general attractor, meaning that the policies generated at each iteration ensure a robust <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {KL}$</tex-math></inline-formula>-stability property with respect to a general state measure. We then derive novel explicit bounds on the mismatch between the (suboptimal) value function returned by PI at each iteration and the optimal one. However, we show by a counterexample that PI may fail to be recursively feasible, disallowing the mentioned stability and near-optimality guarantees. We therefore also present a modification of PI so that recursive feasibility is guaranteed a priori under mild conditions. This modified algorithm, called PI<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{+}$</tex-math></inline-formula>, is shown to preserve the recursive robust stability when the attractor is compact. In addition, PI<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{+}$</tex-math></inline-formula> enjoys the same near-optimality properties as its PI counterpart under the same assumptions.

Abstract Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) criteria have emerged as pivotal benchmarks for assessing corporate sustainability and ethical business practices. This study investigates the transformative role of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in advancing ESG practices, with a particular emphasis on countries aspiring to European Union membership. Employing a quantitative methodology through a survey questionnaire the research analyzes the challenges and opportunities associated with ESG implementation. Data collected from 51 SMEs across the Balkan region reveal substantial benefits of ESG integration, notably in enhancing operational efficiency and market reputation, with transparency and strategic planning identified as critical drivers. However, SMEs face significant obstacles such as complex regulatory frameworks, limited access to financing, and inadequate training resources. The article proposes targeted strategies to strengthen SME capacity, emphasizing investment in education, technological solutions, and partnerships with key stakeholders. By adopting ESG standards, SMEs not only contribute to sustainable development but also bolster their competitiveness and resilience in a rapidly evolving global market.

Abstract This study seeks to examine pull factors of capital inflows, offering an empirical analysis based on a panel study of eleven Southeast European countries (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Kosovo, Romania, Serbia, and Türkiye) over the period of 2004 – 2021. Methodologically, the study utilizes a fixed effects (FE) regression model with robust Driscoll-Kraay standard errors to address issues of heteroskedasticity, autocorrelation, and potential cross-country correlation. The study finds that several pull factors can be relevant in driving capital inflows as follows: market size, inflation, financial and trade openness. The empirical analysis confirms that the forces of trade liberalization, financial liberalization, market size, real interest rates and inflation stability are the elements that encourage capital inflows. On the other hand, the estimated effects of current account balance and real economic growth are not very convincing. Finally, we stress that more study is required to fully understand the pull variables' ultimate macroeconomic implications at the national level. The overall influence of these positive (or negative) inflows may be moderated by several characteristics, even if certain countries may be extremely susceptible to these factors.

Simple Summary This study investigates lung cancer detection by combining metabolomics and advanced machine learning to identify small cell lung cancer (SCLC) with high accuracy. We analyzed 461 serum samples from publicly available data to create a stacking-based ensemble model that can distinguish between SCLC, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and healthy controls. The model has 85.03% accuracy in multi-class classification and 88.19% accuracy in binary classification (SCLC vs. NSCLC). This innovation relies on sophisticated feature selection techniques to identify significant metabolites, particularly positive ions. SHAP analysis identifies key predictors such as benzoic acid, DL-lactate, and L-arginine, shedding new light on cancer metabolism. This non-invasive approach presents a promising alternative to traditional diagnostic methods, with the potential to transform early lung cancer detection. By combining metabolomics and machine learning, the study paves the way for faster, more accurate, and patient-friendly cancer diagnostics, potentially improving treatment outcomes and survival rates.

In this article we investigate topography and electrical properties of potassium blue bronze thin films by the means of atomic force microscopy. Thin films were prepared by pulsed laser depositions on two types of substrates (Al2O3 and SrTiO3) at different substrate temperatures and partial oxygen pressures. On the basis of topography measurements, granular nature of the films was revealed. Surface roughness, as well as the size and the orientation of grains was determined. Films deposited on SrTiO3 substrates are quite homogeneous and the grains display ordering in preferential directions. Films on Al2O3 contain randomly oriented grains. Roughness of the films increases with the increase of the deposition temperature. Electrical measurements provided qualitative information regarding the electrical properties of the films.

The river channel cut into an alluvial substrate constantly adapts to changes in water flow and sediment transport. This paper presents a new approach to determine the magnitude of channel deformation based on the definition of dimensionless spatial parameters of channel deformation. The new approach’s applicability is evaluated by experimental studies on the Željeznica River in the Sarajevo Field in central Bosnia and Herzegovina. The morphological changes of the channel over a period of ten years were analyzed using dimensionless parameters of the channel geometry. A numerical analysis of changes in the channel of the Željeznica River was carried out using a mathematical model and a selected equation for sediment transport. Sensitivity analysis of the model parameters for channel deformation and statistical reliability analysis of the numerical model showed a good agreement between the modeled and observed values of channel deformation parameters during the analyzed period.

Numerical and pseudo data for pion electroproduction from four reaction channels, p(γ*, π0)p, p(γ*, π+)n, n(γ*, π−)p, and n(γ*, π0)n, from threshold up to W = 1.575 GeV are used to perform a single energy partial wave analysis. As a constraint, higher partial waves are taken from the MAID07 model and lower partial waves are fitted. It is demonstrated that truncated partial wave analysis in a full isospin can be obtained with this procedure. The results for photon virtuality Q2 = 0.5 GeV2 are presented. Electromagnetic Eℓ±, Mℓ±, and longitudinal Lℓ± multipoles are presented and discussed. In the first step, numerical data are generated, and the optimal number of lower partial waves required for a good data fit is determined. In the second step, the same procedure is applied using generated pseudo data.

Abstract This paper investigates the impact of artificial intelligence (hereinafter AI) on the accounting profession, emphasizing the need to adapt educational programs and business practices due to the emergence and development of AI technologies. A qualitative method with the help of a semi-structured interview was used to collect primary data. The participants were professionals in the accounting and information technology field who have the relevant knowledge and experience to consider this topic. The research aimed to discover the main problems that may arise when implementing artificial intelligence in the accounting profession, to determine how AI technologies affect the quality of financial reports, and whether education reform in accounting is needed due to the emergence of AI technologies. The results of the conducted research showed that AI technology will find its application in the accounting profession, that the quality of the financial report generated based on AI technology depends on the quality of the entered data, i.e. that the control function of accountants is of crucial importance, and that it is necessary to reform curricula in the context of exploiting the benefits of AI technologies.