Taking the Iwaniec explicit formula as a starting point, we give a short proof of a more precise 2 3 bound for the exponent in the error term of the Gallagher-type prime geodesic theorem for the modular surface.

The current failures in income distribution among communities, social entrepreneurs and start-up founders result from deficit of money for accessing goods and services. However, it is increasingly recognized that money has the potential to be redesigned in order to serve a different purpose and to adapt to the emerging paradigm of the collaborative economy. Within this context, this article presents a study aimed to explore complementary currency systems as resilient strategies. This is done by adopting a service design perspective to analyse case studies from developing and developed economies. Both contexts are investigated in order to identify whether the case studies are founded by individuals, communities or governments. Furthermore, organizational models, as well as the main motivations and conditions for the emergence of these alternative economic models, are examined. Moreover, the key drivers for creating complementary currency systems are highlighted. For instance, in the developing world, those systems stem from the need for establishing financial inclusion and building stronger trust and community ties. Instead, in developed economies, they rise in order to use existing local resources, foster individual empowerment, enhance collaboration with a community, as well as achieve economic benefit. Complementary currency systems are here proposed as a tool for linking unmet needs with unused resources. They also enable informal financial institutions contributing to behavioural change through meritocracy. Once those systems are designed as small-scale initiatives, prototyped and implemented in different communities, they have the potential to become effective strategies for subversion and intervention. The case studies show that equal participation and local empowerment can lead to proactive democratic models increasing economic stability. In conclusion, this article argues that service design, through systems of permanent or temporary access to credit, not only responds to contemporary socio-economic conditions, but also contributes to shape new ways of practicing democratized economics.

Poznavanje položajne točnosti geoprostornih informacija o šumama, dobivenih interpretacijom satelitskih snimaka, ima veliko značenje. Posljedice odluka koje su temeljene na podacima nedovoljne ili nepoznate kvalitete mogu biti vrlo negativne. U ovome radu istražena je točnost zatvorenih linijskih objekata kojima su predstavljene granice šumskog pokrova. Implementacijom postupka segmentacije snimke korištenjem svih multispektralnih kanala te klasifikacijom tako definiranih segmenata pomoću posebnih pravila, efikasno su izdvojene površine pod šumama. Empirijskom analizom temeljenom na usporedbi testnog i referentnog linijskog sadržaja, pokazano je da kartografska generalizacija doprinosi poboljšanju točnosti granica šuma, te da adekvatna obrada podataka daljinskih istraživanja srednje prostorne rezolucije može rezultirati vektorskim podacima zadovoljavajuće kvalitete.

Even though clustering algorithms in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are a well investigate subject, the increasing interest in the Internet of Things (IoT) and 5G technologies has precipitated the need of new ways to comprehend and overcome a new set of challenges. While studies mainly propose new algorithms and compare these algorithms based on a set of properties (e.g. energy efficiency, scalability), none of them focuses on the underlying mechanisms and organizational patterns that lead to these properties. We address this lack of understanding by applying a complex systems science approach to investigate the properties of WSNs arising from the communication patterns of the network nodes. We represent different implementations of clustering in WSNs with a functional topology graph. Moreover, we employ a complexity metric - functional complexity (CF) - to explain how local interactions give rise to the global behavior of the network. Our analysis shows that higher values of CF indicate higher scalability and lower energy efficiency.

In this paper will be observed the population dynamics of a three-species Lotka-Volterra model: two predators and their prey. This simplified model yields a more complicated dynamical system than classic Lotka-Volterra model. We will give the conditions under which one of the predators becomes extinct and when the coexistence between predators is possible. Given will be sufficient conditions for the existence of solutions for certain classes of Cauchy’s solutions of Lotka-Volterra model. The behavior of integral curves in the neighborhoods of an arbitrary integral curves will be considered.

The cranes are now not replaceable mode of transport of materials and finished products both in production halls and in the open space. This paper made the whole analytical calculation of double girder bridge cranes to be used in laboratories exclusively for testing, determined by the maximum bending stress and deflection of the main girder. After calculating the dimensions, we created a model cranes in software CATIA V5. The same model was subjected to FEM analysis of the same name software. At the end of the paper comparison has been done. The objective of the calculation and analysis of the model was to develop a model crane and to serve for the next tests. Dimensions of the crane are given according to the laboratory where it will be located.

Objective. To compare the development of permanent teeth in a group of children with the congenitally missing permanent teeth (CMPT) and corresponding nonaffected group. Methods. The formation stages of all developing permanent teeth were determined on 345 panoramic radiographs (OPTs) by the method of Haavikko (1970), and dental age was calculated. The paired samples t-test was used to compare the differences between dental age (DA) and chronological age (CA) in those with CMPT and those not affected. Spearman test was used to evaluate the correlation between DA-CA and the number of missing teeth. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to compare the development of the teeth adjacent to the place of the agenesis with matched pair in corresponding nonaffected group. Results. Dental age was significantly delayed in CMPT children compared to the nonaffected group (p < 0.001). The mean differences were −0.57 ± 1.20 years and −0.61 ± 1.23 years in males and females, without difference between sexes (p = 0.763). The number of missing teeth affected the delay only in females (p = 0.024). Only mesial teeth in females were significantly delayed in development when compared to the nonaffected group (p = 0.007). Conclusion. Our findings show that the development of the permanent teeth is delayed when compared to the nonaffected group of the same sex and age.

Over the last decade, the idea that robots could become an integral part of groups and teams has developed from a promising vision into a reality. Robots are increasingly designed to interact with groups and teams of people, yet most human-robot interaction research still focuses on a single humans interacting with a single robot. The goal for the workshop is therefore to advance research in computer supported cooperative work (CSCW) and human robot interaction (HRI) by raising awareness for the social and technical challenges that surround the placement of robots within work-groups and teams. The workshop will be organized around three central questions: (1) How do robots shape the dynamics of groups and teams in existing settings? (2) How does a robot's behavior shape how humans interact with each other in dyads and in larger groups and teams? (3) How can robots improve the performance of work groups and teams by acting on social processes? These core issues will be covered across a set of presentations that initiate in- depth discussions around each question to improve the quality of and support the growth of research in the CSCW community that focuses on the intersection of robots, groups, and teams.

Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is the most common and best known monogenic small vessel disease. Here, we review the clinical, neuroimaging, neuropathological, genetic, and therapeutic aspects based on the most relevant articles published between 1994 and 2016 and on the personal experience of the authors, all directly involved in CADASIL research and care. We conclude with some suggestions that may help in the clinical practice and management of these patients.