A 78-year old man with a medical history of smoking, hyperlipidemia and hypertension was admitted to our department with ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) diagnosed by ultrasonography of the abdomen. The blood pressure was 60/20 mm Hg. An emergent computed tomography scan of the abdomen revealed a rupture of a giant infrarenal AAA of 16 cm in diameter with extensive intraluminal thrombus, evidence of rupture and large intraabdominal hematoma. The patient underwent a successful open surgical repair with placement of a Dacron tube graft 18 mm. The patient was transferred to the intensive care unit following successful surgical repair. Patient was transferred to the Department of cardiovascular surgery on postoperative day 2. Postoperative recovery resulted in hospital discharge at postoperative day 12.

We report a case of chronic total occlusion of the aorta with critical limb ischemia (CLI) of the lower limbs due to chronic total occlusion (CTO) of infrarenal aorta and extensive bilateral iliac disease. This case was treated by open surgical revascularization, after unsuccessful attempt of percutaneous endovascular stenting treatment. *Correspondence to: Dragan Piljic, M.D., Ph.D, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Clinical Center Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Tel: +38735303202; E-mail: dragan.piljic@dr.com Received: November 11, 2019; Accepted: November 25, 2019; Published: November 28, 2019 Case presentation A 46-year-old male, with a history of hypertension and peripheral vascular disease (including previous unsuccessful attempt endovascular stenting) was referred to our hospital for conventional open surgical treatment. The patient underwent a computed tomographic angiography, which showed complete occlusion of the infrarenal abdominal aorta, as well as both common and external iliac artery (Figure 1). He was a heavy smoker (60 cigarettes/day) and had an untreated hyperlipidemia. The operation was performed using the transperitoneal approach with limited thrombectomy through infrarenal aortotomy without transecting the aorta. The patient underwent aortic bifemoral revascularisation, with placement of a Dacron bifurcation graft of 12/6 mm. The Piljic – method was used (restricted intraoperative and postoperative fluid regime and mini-laparotomy, including surgical approach trough 8 to 10 cm paraumbilical incision. The small and large bowels were retracted to the side without being elevated out of the abdominal cavity) [1]. The patient was transfered to the intensive care unit following successful surgical repair. The patient was transfered to the department of cardiovascular surgery on the postoperative day one. Uneventful postoperative recovery resulted in hospital discharge on postoperative day four. Postoperative CTA with contrast showed a neat flow (Figure 2). Patient postoperative period has been followed up for 12 months, which ended with satisfactory general clinical and local state of both legs. Discussion In patients presenting with aortoiliac occlusive disease (AIOD), the total occlusion of the infrarenal aorta has been seen in 3 to 8.5% of cases [2]. Common causes of chronic infrarenal aortic occlusion (CIAO) include: a) atherosclerotic occlusive disease; b) middle aortic syndrome; c) Takayasu arteritis; d) fibromuscular dysplasia; e) neurofibromatosis; and f) coral reef aorta [2]. Although standardized infrarenal aortobifemoral bypass (AoBFB) remains the surgical procedure of choice for CIAO, operative decisions may proceed beyond AoBFB in complicated cases. Different therapeutic strategies include axillo-(bi) femoral bypass (AxBFB), aortoiliac endarterectomy (AIE), or hybrid procedures. AxBFB grafting usually refers to patients of high risk for aortic clamping, or patients with many comorbidities that prohibit an extensive transperitoneal procedure [3]. Surgical management Figure 1. Computed tomographic angiography showed complete occlusion of the infrarenal abdominal aorta and both common and external iliac arteries. A lateral view showed collateral blood flow from internal thoracic arteries through subcutaneous epigastric abdominal vessels to the common femoral arteries Piljic D (2019) Open Surgical Revascularization of Chronic Total Occlusion of the Infrarenal Aorta Volume 3: 2-2 Health Prim Car, 2019 doi: 10.15761/HPC.1000176 can be life-saving. Use of open surgical revascularisation can result in rapid clinical recovery and lower mortality and morbidity. Informed consent The patient provided written informed consent for publication of the figures. Declaration of conflict of interest The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest. Funding This work received no specific grant from any funding agency within public, commercial, or not-fot-profit sectors. References 1. Piljic D, Petricevic M, Piljic D, Ksela J, Robic B, et al. (2015) Restrictive versus Standard Fluid Regimen in Elective Minilaparotomy Abdominal Aortic Repair— Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 64: 296-303. 2. Shah M, Patnaik S, Sinha R, Opoku-Asare I, Chaudhry K, et al. (2017) Revascularization of Chronic Total Occlusion of the Infrarenal Aorta in a Patient with Triple Vessel Disease: Report of a Case Treated by Endovascular Approach. Case Rep Cardiol 2017: 7983748. 3. Indes JE, Pfaff MJ, Farrokhyar F, Brown H, Hashim P, et al. (2013) Clinical outcomes of 5358 patients undergoing direct open bypass or endovascular treatment for aortoiliac occlusive disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Endovasc Ther 20: 443455. [Crossref] 4. Illuminati G, Calio FG, Mangialardi N, Bertagni A, Vietri F, et al. (1996) Results of axillofemoral by-passes for aorto-iliac occlusive disease. Langenbecks Arch Chir 381: 212-217. 5. Mavioglu I, Veli Dogan O, Ozeren M, Dolgun A, Yucel E (2003) Surgical management of chronic total occlusion of abdominal aorta. J Cardiovasc Surg 44: 87-93. of the totally occluded abdominal aorta is highly complex. Surgical intervention is beneficial for patients with totally occluded aorta, even if ischemic complaints are relatively mild and stable [4]. We report a case of chronic total occlusion of the aorta with critical limb ischemia (CLI) of the lower limbs due to chronic total occlusion (CTO) of infrarenal aorta and extensive bilateral iliac disease. This case was treated by open surgical revascularization, after unsuccessful attempt of percutaneous endovascular stenting treatment. Conclusion Open surgical recanalization of aortic occlusion in a patient with previously unsuccessful attempt endovascular stenting is feasible and Figure 2. Postoperative CTA with contrast showed a neat flow Copyright: ©2019 Piljic D. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

: Proper inclusion of van der Waals interactions (vdW) in ab initio calculations based on the density functional theory (DFT) is crucial to describe soft, organic, layered solids such as κ -(BEDT-TTF) 2 X . Since no consensus has been reached on the reliability of available vdW DFT functionals, most of the first principles calculations have been based on experimental crystal structure data without any structural optimization. Here, we explore optimal DFT-based schemes that account for the effects of vdW interactions on the structural and electronic band properties of three paradigmatic charge transfer salts, κ -(BEDT-TTF) 2 Cu 2 (CN) 3 , κ -(BEDT-TTF) 2 Ag 2 (CN) 3 , and κ -(BEDT-TTF) 2 Cu[N(CN) 2 ]Cl, for which a unified optimization of the structure is possible. Detailed examination of the prototype test system κ -(BEDT-TTF) 2 Cu[N(CN) 2 ]Cl shows that the optB88-vdW functional performs slightly better than the PBE-vdW and that the choice of pseudopotentials is critical to obtaining realistic results.

A unique technology of direct selective flotation is in use in flotation plant of the "Rudnik" mine in order to obtain selective lead, copper and zinc concentrates. Technological process is very sensitive to so-called "selectivity" because loss of individual metals through selective concentrates is present. Copper minerals flotation cycle is especially sensitive to selectivity and sometimes there is a higher content of lead and zinc minerals present in copper concentrate which is penalized. In this paper laboratory research results of lowering galena and zinc content in copper concentrate possibility due to extended time of cleaning are shown. All experiments were carried out on copper concentrate samples taken from the "Rudnik" flotation plant. Copper concentrate mineralogical analysis were carried out before flotation experiments.

Microsatellites (MS) have been, for the last two decades, widely used for parentage analysis in all types of livestock, including pigs. Conservation efforts on Banija spotted pigs included genetic characterization of the breed with MS markers. Since recent comparison of pedigree and MS data revealed some inconsistencies, the aim of this study was to develop a set of highly polymorphic and heterozygous MS markers, which could be used for parentage analysis and to prevent pedigree errors. 12 MS markers with the polymorphic information content (PIC) above 0.62 were chosen and combined into a single multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The combined non-exclusion probability for one candidate parent (NE-1P) was 0.00246149, the combined NE-1P given the genotype of a known parent of the opposite sex (NE-2P) was 0.00003739 and combined non-exclusion probability for a candidate parent pair (NE-PP) was 0.00000003. Due to a high information content of selected MS markers it was possible to obtain high accuracy in parentage assignment, which was confirmed by analyzing actual data with known genetic relationships

In the present study modern technology of DNA extraction and automatic genotyping was applied in Bosnian and Herzegovinian autochthonous horse breed by using 17-Plex horse genotyping kit. The study was aimed at investigating usefulness of the 17-plex STR Kit for Bosnian mountain horse genotyping and establishing highly useful microsatellite markers system for genetic diversity studies in Bosnian mountain horse breed. Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood collected from 22 unrelated Bosnian mountain horse specimens. A total of 95 alleles were detected. Average number of detected alleles per locus was 5.588, varying from 3 (HTG7) to 10 (ASB17). Average effective number of alleles was 3.603, fluctuating from 1.789 (HMS7) to 5.728 (HMS2). The observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.136 (HMS3) to 0.909 (ASB2) with a mean of 0.631. The results indicate that the studied population originates from the appropriate number of parent generations. The mean expected heterozygosity was 0.690, varying from 0.441 (HMS7) to 0.853 (ASB17) indicating high genetic variability within Bosnian mountain horse population. The PIC values ranged from 0.409 (HMS7) to 0.837 (ASB17) with a mean of 0.643, suggesting that 94.12% markers were quite informative in terms of their suitability for genetic diversity studies .The most polymorphic locus was HMS2 and the least polymorphic locus was HMS7. The inbreeding coefficient ranged from -0.030 (HMS7) to 0.807 (HMS3) with a mean of 0.077. Inbreeding coefficient values indicated no shortage of heterozygotes in Bosnian mountain horses. Deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p<0,05) was found in three loci (HTG10, HMS3 and ASB17). The applied set of 17 microsatellite markers proved to be sufficiently specific for use in genotyping of Bosnian mountain horse. Considering the values of HO, HEand PIC over 0.6, five microsatellite markers system (HTG4, AHT4, AHT5, ASB2, HMS2) is considered to be highly useful for genetic diversity studies in Bosnian mountain horse breed.

Introduction. The association between substance use and aggression derives from the fact that among violent crime offenders there is a large number of people with alcohol and drug abuse. The objective of the study was to determine the incidence of psychoactive substance addicts in the population of violent crime offenders, as well as to consider possible measures to reduce the crime rates in this population. Material and Methods. Forensic psychiatric reports were used to assess 94 violent offenders from 2001 to 2018. The expert reports were obtained from the Psychiatry Clinic in Novi Sad, Serbia, including court case files, medical records, and psychiatric and psychological records of all offenders. Results. We have found that of the total of 94 violent crime offenders, as many as 25% suffered from some form of mental disorder. More than half of those with mental disorders from this group suffered from disorders induced by psychoactive substances, which means that as many as 15% of all offenders had some form of addiction. On the other hand, as much as 50% of all the offenders were under the influence of psychoactive substances at the time of the offense, predominantly by alcohol. Conclusion. Further research is needed in order to develop specific programs for the prevention of violence in the population using psychoactive substances.