To compare the smear layer removal ability and mineral content of root canal dentine after initial irrigation with NaOCl and final irrigation with MTAD, QMix, and 17% EDTA. Forty extracted human maxillary incisors before root canal preparation and irrigation with NaOCl were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10) according to the type of final irrigants used: MTAD, QMix, 17% EDTA, and control (sterile distilled water). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to assess the presence of smear layer. SEM energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy was used to quantify dentin mineral composition in MTAD, QMix, 17% EDTA group, and in no‐treatment samples (no‐treatment group; n = 10). Among the various chelating agents, there were no significant differences in the smear layer removal in the middle and coronal thirds (p > .05). In the apical third, QMix removed significantly more smear layer than 17% EDTA (p < .05), but similarly to MTAD (p > .05). Final irrigation with MTAD resulted in a significant increase in the carbon (C) value compared to EDTA (p < .001). There was no significant difference in the mineral composition between the MTAD and the QMix group, although the values of the mineral elements were significantly altered in the MTAD group. QMix had smear layer removal capability similar to MTAD but better than EDTA in the apical third. MTAD yielded the most pronounced effect on mineral component of root dentin; however, differences were significant only for C level compared to 17% EDTA.

Abstract Leptin, a biomolecule secreted by adipose tissue, enchances productivity in cattle, especially affecting milk traits. The aim of this study was to detect leptin gene polymorphism on exon 3 (A59V locus) and intron 2 (SAU3AI locus) in the endangered population of autochtonous Busha cattle and associations with milk traits. The study included 46 cows: 36 Busha and 10 half-bred. Milk analyses comprised determination of somatic cell counts, fat, protein, lactose, total solids and solids-not-fat (SNF) concentrations and freezing point depression (FPD). Polymorphisms were determined by PCR-RFLP technique. A single A59V genotype (CC) was affirmed, and two SAU3AI genotypes, AA and AB, with frequencies of 78.26% and 21.74%, respectively. Comparing the obtained results for chemical characteristics of milk between cows with AA and AB, no significant differences were found, except for SNF content and FPD values. Cows with AA genotype had significantly lower (p=0.021) average SNF content (8.74%) in milk compared to the average SNF content (9.28%) in those with genotype AB, while cows with genotype AA (−0.54°C) had significantly higher (p=0.004) average FPD values than those with AB genotype (−0.58°C). The absence of BB genotype and significant differences in the investigated functional traits between two SAU3AI genotypes and the absence of A59V polymorphism (presence of only CC genotype) show that the Busha cattle breed, although being an autochtonous low-producing native breed used for meat and milk production, harbours polymorphism on gentic markers characteristic of high production dairy cows.

Introduction: Osteoporosis is a consequence of reduction in bone mass and disorders of bone structure, which makes the bones prone to fractures. Physiological variations of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) may be an early indicator of the predisposing basis of the emergence of osteoporosis. Aim: To evaluate the thyroid hormone status and bone density ratio in euthyroid postmenopausal women in early and late stage of bone loss. Methods: The research is an observational, intersected, controlled study involving postmenopausal women admitted to the Clinic for Nuclear medicine and endocrinology of the Clinical Center University of Sarajevo (CCUS). The study included a total of 120 postmenopausal subjects divided into two groups. First group included 60 postmenopausal patients with osteoporosis, 30 of them were at the early stage of postmenopause, and 30 were in the late postmenopausal phase. The second group consisted of 60 postmenopausal patients with preserved bone mass, 30 of which were in the early stage of postmenopause and 30 in the late postmenopausal phase. For all patients included in the study follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), TSH, free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3) were analyzed. Results: The mean duration of the postmenopausal period was statistically significantly higher in the group of women with osteoporosis (11.4 ± 1.1 years). The mean values of FSH were statistically significantly higher in the group of women with osteoporosis (54.0 ± 2.6 IU / L). The mean level of TSH and FT3 did not statistically significantly differ in the group of women with osteoporosis compared to the control group of women. The mean FT4 level in women with osteoporosis was statistically significantly lower (14.7 ± 0.29 pmol / L) compared to the control group of women (15.95 ± 0.3 pmol / L) (p = 0.004). Conclusion: In our examined group, the FT4 patient (mean) was significantly lower in the serum of women with osteoporosis compared to subjects with preserved bone mass. It would be most effective to recognize risk factors in order to influence them on time, and to alleviate and slow down the consequences of osteoporosis. One of these possible factors is the hormonal status of the thyroid gland, that is, TSH whose physiological variations may be an early indicator of the predisposing basis for the emergence of osteoporosis. The frequency and prevalence of these medical problems require additional research, and it is also a great challenge to understand the effects of thyroid hormone on bone tissue.

Background: Infections are a major concern for patients affected by juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) treated with immunosuppressive therapy. Evidence is inconsistent as to whether the start of synthetic or biological disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) is associated with an increased risk of serious and at least moderate infection. Objectives: To determine whether the addition of a TNF inhibitor (TNFi) to methotrexate (MTX) may increase the risk of serious and at least moderate infections in JIA patients included in the Pharmachild registry.(1) Methods: Serious and at least moderate infections were analysed in JIA patients, enrolled in the Pharmachild registry at September 30th, 2018, who started as first drug with MTX. We divided patients in 3 treatment groups: “MTX alone”, in which patients had received MTX as the only drug all over their history; “MTX Start”, in which patients had received MTX as first drug; “MTX+TNFi” for those patients who received a TNFi in addition to MTX after a period of “MTX Start”. All the 3 groups were pure, since they received only these drugs. We considered initial infections as related to the treatment if the infection occurred in the drug period or within 90 days after treatment stop.(2) For the group “MTX Start”, infection was related to treatment if occurring in the drug period stopped as soon as the second drug was introduced. For the group “MTX+TNFi”, we considered all the possible correlations between start and end dates of the two drugs, including the time lag of 90 days after any treatment stop. If the interval between two drugs was shorter than 90 days, treatment was considered continuous. Crude rates (number of infections divided by drug exposure, excluding off-drug periods) and true incidence rates (number of first infections divided by the time lag between first drug administration and the date of the infection if the patient experienced the infection, the last Pharmachild visit if the patient didn’t experience the event) were calculated. Results: We enrolled in Pharmachild a total of 8061 patients who experienced 1686 infections. We excluded 41 patients who had infections before any treatment start. Of the final number of 8020 patients, we considered: 1226 patients in the group “MTX alone”, 3128 in the group “MTX start” and 1026 in the group “MTX+TNFi”. 7.7% of the patients in the “MTX alone” group, 2.7% of the patients in the “MTX Start” group and 7.0% of the patients in the “MTX+TNFi” group experienced at least one infection. Crude rates of infections per 1000 person-years resulted: 48.0 for the group “MTX alone”, 22.0 for “MTX Start”, 74.0 for “MTX+TNFi”. Incidence rates per 1000 person-years were: 32.0 for the group “MTX alone”, 17.0 for “MTX Start”, 59.5 for “MTX+TNFi”. The percentage of drug exposure on the patient follow-up was variable among the 3 treatment groups (from 15.6% for the “MTX+TNFi” group to 51.5% for the “MTX alone” group). Conclusion: Pharmachild showed, through the analysis of pure treatment groups, that the addition of the anti-TNF biologic to MTX even triples the incidence rate of infections. References: [1] Swart, et al. Arthritis Res Ther. 2018;20:285; (2) Dixon WG, et al. Arthritis&Rheumatism 56:2896–2904. Disclosure of Interests: Gabriella Giancane: None declared, Joost F. Swart: None declared, Nikolay Tzaribachev: None declared, Nadina Rubio: None declared, Ruben Cuttica Grant/research support from: Roche, Pfizer, Lilly, Bristol Myers Squibb, Novartis, Sanofi Aventis, UCB, Janssen., Consultant for: Roche, Pfizer, Lilly, Bristol Myers Squibb, Novartis, Sanofi Aventis, UCB, Janssen., Speakers bureau: Roche, Pfizer, Lilly, Bristol Myers Squibb, Novartis, Sanofi Aventis, UCB, Janssen., Ingrida Rumba-Rozenfelde: None declared, Wafaa Mohammed Saad Suwairi: None declared, Calin Lazar: None declared, Yosef Uziel: None declared, Albena Telcharova: None declared, Tadej Avcin: None declared, Angela Minaici: None declared, Claudio Len: None declared, Stella Maris Garay: None declared, Alina Boteanu: None declared, Angela Pistorio: None declared, Nico Wulffraat: None declared, Nicolino Ruperto Grant/research support from: The Gaslini Hospital, where NR works as full-time public employee, has received contributions (> 10.000 USD each) from the following industries in the last 3 years: BMS, Eli-Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline, F Hoffmann-La Roche, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, Sobi. This funding has been reinvested for the research activities of the hospital in a fully independent manner, without any commitment with third parties., Consultant for: Received honoraria for consultancies or speaker bureaus (< 10.000 USD each) from the following pharmaceutical companies in the past 3 years: Ablynx, AbbVie, Astrazeneca-Medimmune, Biogen, Boehringer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli-Lilly, EMD Serono, GlaxoSmithKline, Hoffmann-La Roche, Janssen, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, R-Pharma, SanofiServier, Sinergie, Sobi and Takeda., Speakers bureau: Received honoraria for consultancies or speaker bureaus (< 10.000 USD each) from the following pharmaceutical companies in the past 3 years: Ablynx, AbbVie, Astrazeneca-Medimmune, Biogen, Boehringer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli-Lilly, EMD Serono, GlaxoSmithKline, Hoffmann-La Roche, Janssen, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, R-Pharma, SanofiServier, Sinergie, Sobi and Takeda.

Background Juvenile systemic sclerosis (jSSc) is an orphan disease with a prevalence of 3 in a 1 000 000 children(1). Currently there is nearly no data published about the course of jSSc patients with standardized assessment. We report our date from Juvenile Scleroderma Inception cohort (JSSIC) with a follow up of 24 months. Objectives: to evaluate the organ involvement and patient reported outcomes (PRO) during the first 24 months in the JSIC Methods The JSSIC is a prospective multicenter registry of patients with jSSc, who fulfill the adult classification criteria(2), and presented the first non-Raynaud symptom before 16 years of age and were younger then 18 years at the time of inclusion in the JSSIC. Patients who were followed at least 24 months in the JSSIC, were evaluated. Results 52 patients were followed at least 24 months in the registry. 77% were female and 77% had diffuse subtype. 19% had overlap features. Mean disease duration at time of inclusion was 3.2 years. Mean age of at Raynaud’s onset was 8.8 years and the first non-Raynaud’s symptom 9.4 years. 85% received DMARDs at the time of inclusion and 96% after 24 months. 88% of the patients were ANA positive, 35% anti-Scl70 positive and 3% anticentromere positive. The mean modified skin score decreased from 14.3 to 12.6. The frequency of Raynaud’s stayed around 87%. The frequency of the nailfold capillary changes increased from 56% to 63%, but the frequency of active ulcerations stayed stable around 21%. The number of patients with FVC <80% decreased from 39% to 34% (p=0.734). The number of patients with pulmonary hypertension assessed by ultrasound increased from 4% to 8% (p=0.652). No patient developed systemic hypertension or renal crisis. Urinary sedimentary changes decreased from 8% to 4%. Gastrointestinal involvement decreased from 33% to 29% (p=0.829). Number of joints with decreased range increased from 46% to 63% (p=0.076). Total muscle weakness decreased from 8% to 3% (p=0.237) and elevated CK from 22% to 9% (p=0.033) too. Several PROs improved significantly. Patient global disease activity (VAS 0-100) changed from 46 to 29 (p=0.002), patient global disease damage (VAS 0-100) from 46 to 28 (p=0.02) and patient Raynaud activity VAS 0-100) from 27 to 14 (p=0.009) as physician global disease activity (VAS 0-100) from 43 to 29 (p=0.021) and physician global disease damage from 46 to 28 (P=0.01). Conclusion Over the 24 months observation period patient and physician related outcomes improved significantly. Regarding organ involvement there was an increase in patients of pulmonary hypertension and joint contractures. References [1] Beukelman T, Xie F, Foeldvari I. Assessing the prevalence of juvenile systemic sclerosis in childhood using administrative claims data from the United States. Journal of Scleroderma and Related Disorders. 2018;3(2):189-90. [2] van den Hoogen F, Khanna D, Fransen J, Johnson SR, Baron M, Tyndall A, et al. 2013classification criteria for systemic sclerosis: an American College of Rheumatology/European League against Rheumatism collaborative initiative. Arthritis Rheum. 2013;65(11):2737-47. Disclosure of Interests Ivan Foeldvari Consultant for: Chugai, Novartis, Jens Klotsche: None declared, Ozgur Kasapcopur: None declared, Amra Adrovic: None declared, Maria T. Tererri: None declared, Jordi Anton Grant/research support from: Grant/research support, consultant or speakers bureau from AbbVie, Alexion, Bristol-Myers Squibb, ChemoCentryx, Gebro, GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis, Novimmune, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi and Sobi, Consultant for: Grant/research support, consultant or speakers bureau from AbbVie, Alexion, Bristol-Myers Squibb, ChemoCentryx, Gebro, GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis, Novimmune, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi and Sobi, Speakers bureau: Grant/research support, consultant or speakers bureau from AbbVie, Alexion, Bristol-Myers Squibb, ChemoCentryx, Gebro, GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis, Novimmune, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi and Sobi, Tadej Avcin: None declared, Rolando Cimaz: None declared, Mikhail Kostik: None declared, Maria Katsikas: None declared, Dana Nemcova: None declared, Maria Jose Santos: None declared, Cristina Battagliotti: None declared, Lillemor Berntson: None declared, Juergen Brunner: None declared, Liora Harel: None declared, Tilmann Kallinich Grant/research support from: Novartis, Speakers bureau: Sobi, Roche, Novartis, CLB, Kirsten Minden Consultant for: AbbVie, Monika Moll: None declared, Anjali Patwardhan: None declared, Kathryn Torok: None declared, Nicola Helmus: None declared

Background Juvenile systemic scleroderma (jSSc) is an orphan disease with a prevalence of 3 in 1 000 000 children. There are limited data regarding the clinical presentation of jSSc. The Juvenile Systemic Scleroderma Inception Cohort (JSSIC) is a multinational registry that prospectively collects information regarding patients with this disease in a standardized manner. Objectives Evaluation of the jSSc patients at the time of inclusion in the JSSIC. Methods Patients were included in the JSSIC if they fulfilled the adult classification criteria, if they presented the first non Raynaud symptom before 16 years old and if they were younger than 18 years of age at the time of inclusion. Patients’ characteristics at time of inclusion were evaluated. Results Currently, the cohort includes 120 patients, being 89% Caucasian and 80% female. The majority had diffuse subtype (74%) and 18% had overlap features. The mean age of onset of Raynaud phenomenon was 9.7 years in the diffuse subtype (djSSc) and 10.7 years in the limited subtype (ljSSc). The mean age of non-Raynaud’s symptoms was 10.0 years in the djSSc and 11.4 years in the ljSSc (p=0.041). Mean disease duration at time of inclusion was 3.4 years in the djSSc and 2.4 years in the ljSSc group. Mean Modified Rodnan skin score was 17.5 in the djSSc and 7.3 in the ljSSc (p=0.002). Gottron papulae were significantly more common in the djSSc compared to ljSSc group (29% vs 6%, respectively) (p=0.011). History of ulceration was significantly more common in the djSSc than in the ljSSc group (57% vs 30%, respectively) (p=0.004). FVC<80% occurred in 31% in the djSSc and 24% in the ljSSc group (p=0.55). Pulmonary hypertension assessed by echocardiogram occurred around 7% in both groups. No systemic hypertension or renal crisis was reported. Gastrointestinal involvement occurred in 39% in the djSSc and in 26% in the ljSSc (p=0.176). Number of joints with decreased range of motion was observed in approximately half of patients in both groups. Muscle weakness with joint contractures was present in 18% in the djSSc and 38% in the ljSSc group (p=0.271). Tendon friction rub was present in 11% in djSSc and 4% in the ljSSc group. djSSc patients had significantly worse scores for physician global disease activity (VAS 0-100) (41vs 30) (p=0.020) and for physician global disease damage (VAS 0-100) (37 vs 18) (p=0.001). Patient judgment of disease activity and damage was similar in both subtypes. ANA positivity was 88% in both groups. Anti-Scl70 was positive in 33% in djSSc and 37% in the ljSSc group. Anticentromere positivity occurred in 3% in the djSSc and 10% in the ljSSc group. ESR was elevated in 30% in djSSc compared to 18% in the ljSSc group. DMARDs were used in 86% of the patients. Conclusion In this large cohort of jSSc patients there were surprisingly not many significant differences between djSSc and ljSSc. According to the physician global scores the djSSc patients have a significantly more severe disease. Disclosure of Interests Ivan Foeldvari Consultant for: Chugai, Novartis, Jens Klotsche: None declared, Ozgur Kasapcopur: None declared, Amra Adrovic: None declared, Kathryn Torok: None declared, Valda Stanevicha: None declared, Flávio R. Sztajnbok: None declared, Maria T. Tererri: None declared, Ekaterina Alexeeva: None declared, Jordi Anton Grant/research support from: Grant/research support, consultant or speakers bureau from AbbVie, Alexion, Bristol-Myers Squibb, ChemoCentryx, Gebro, GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis, Novimmune, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi and Sobi, Consultant for: Grant/research support, consultant or speakers bureau from AbbVie, Alexion, Bristol-Myers Squibb, ChemoCentryx, Gebro, GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis, Novimmune, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi and Sobi, Speakers bureau: Grant/research support, consultant or speakers bureau from AbbVie, Alexion, Bristol-Myers Squibb, ChemoCentryx, Gebro, GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis, Novimmune, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi and Sobi, Maria Katsikas: None declared, Vanessa Smith: None declared, Tadej Avcin: None declared, Rolando Cimaz: None declared, Mikhail Kostik: None declared, Thomas Lehman: None declared, Walter Alberto Sifuentes-Giraldo: None declared, Simone Appenzeller: None declared, Mahesh Janarthanan: None declared, Monika Moll: None declared, Dana Nemcova: None declared, Maria Jose Santos: None declared, Dieneke Schonenberg: None declared, Cristina Battagliotti: None declared, Lillemor Berntson: None declared, Blanca Bica: None declared, Juergen Brunner: None declared, Patricia Costa Reis: None declared, Despina Eleftheriou: None declared, Liora Harel: None declared, Gerd Horneff: None declared, Tilmann Kallinich Grant/research support from: Novartis, Speakers bureau: Sobi, Roche, Novartis, CLB, Dragana Lazarevic: None declared, Kirsten Minden Consultant for: AbbVie, Susan Nielsen: None declared, Farzana Nuruzzaman: None declared, Anjali Patwardhan: None declared, Yosef Uziel: None declared, Nicola Helmus: None declared

Background Juvenile systemic scleroderma (jSSc) is an orphan disease with a prevalence of 3 in 1 000 000 children (1). There are limited data published regarding the differences in clinical presentation of male and female patients with jSSc. The Juvenile Systemic Scleroderma Inception Cohort (JSSIC) is a multinational cohort with a prospective standardized assessment of the patients. The data regarding the difference in clinical characteristics at time of inclusion in the cohort are presented. Objectives Evaluation of the differences in clinical presentation of male and female jSSc patients at the time of inclusion in the JSSIC. Methods The JSSIC is a prospective multicentre registry of patients with jSSc, who fulfil the adult classification criteria (2), and presented the first non-Raynaud symptoms before 16 years old and were younger than 18 years old at the time of inclusion in the cohort. Patients characteristics at time of inclusion in the cohort were evaluated. Results As of 15th of December 2018 120 patients are included in JSSIC. The great majority are female (80%). There were more female patients with CK elevation (29% vs 22%) and more female patients with Gottron papulae (25% vs 12%). The mean modified skin score was higher in males (18.6 vs 13.9). Sclerodactyly was more frequent in males (90% vs 76%). Active ulceration was present in 33% of males compared to 14% of females (p=0.026). FVC<80% occurred more often in males with 47% compared with 24% in females (p=0.018). Pulmonary hypertension was more common in females with 7% compared to 4% in males. Urine sediment changes were more common in males (8% vs 4%). Gastrointestinal involvement was more common in females (37% vs 29%). Contractures occurred more often in males with 62% compared with 46% in females. Tendon friction rub was observed in 21% of males and 3% of females (p=0.001). Physician global scores of disease activity and damage were higher in males with 48 for both assessments compared to 36 and 30 in females. Conclusion Male patients with jSSc have a higher severity of disease, as it has been reported in adults. References [1] Beukelman T, Xie F, Foeldvari I. Assessing the prevalence of juvenile systemic sclerosis in childhood using administrative claims data from the United States. Journal of Scleroderma and Related Disorders. 2018;3(2):189-90. [2] van den Hoogen F, Khanna D, Fransen J, Johnson SR, Baron M, Tyndall A, et al. 2013classification criteria for systemic sclerosis: an American College of Rheumatology/European Disclosure of Interests Ivan Foeldvari Consultant for: Chugai, Novartis, Jens Klotsche: None declared, Ozgur Kasapcopur: None declared, Amra Adrovic: None declared, Kathryn Torok: None declared, Valda Stanevicha: None declared, Flávio R. Sztajnbok: None declared, Ana Paula Sakamoto: None declared, Ekaterina Alexeeva: None declared, Jordi Anton Grant/research support from: Grant/research support, consultant or speakers bureau from AbbVie, Alexion, Bristol-Myers Squibb, ChemoCentryx, Gebro, GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis, Novimmune, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi and Sobi, Consultant for: Grant/research support, consultant or speakers bureau from AbbVie, Alexion, Bristol-Myers Squibb, ChemoCentryx, Gebro, GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis, Novimmune, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi and Sobi, Speakers bureau: Grant/research support, consultant or speakers bureau from AbbVie, Alexion, Bristol-Myers Squibb, ChemoCentryx, Gebro, GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis, Novimmune, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi and Sobi, Maria Katsikas: None declared, Vanessa Smith: None declared, Tadej Avcin: None declared, Rolando Cimaz: None declared, Mikhail Kostik: None declared, Thomas Lehman: None declared, Walter Alberto Sifuentes-Giraldo: None declared, Simone Appenzeller: None declared, Mahesh Janarthanan: None declared, Monika Moll: None declared, Dana Nemcova: None declared, Maria Jose Santos: None declared, Amara Nassar: None declared, Cristina Battagliotti: None declared, Lillemor Berntson: None declared, Blanca Bica: None declared, Juergen Brunner: None declared, Patricia Costa Reis: None declared, Despina Eleftheriou: None declared, Liora Harel: None declared, Gerd Horneff: None declared, Tilmann Kallinich Grant/research support from: Novartis, Speakers bureau: Sobi, Roche, Novartis, CLB, Dragana Lazarevic: None declared, Kirsten Minden Consultant for: AbbVie, Susan Nielsen: None declared, Farzana Nuruzzaman: None declared, Anjali Patwardhan: None declared, Yosef Uziel: None declared, Nicola Helmus: None declared

Na Građevinskom fakultetu u Sarajevu izvršeno je eksperimentalno ispitivanje običnoga i ojačanog zida u stvarnoj veličini (2,3/2,4/0,25 m) pri djelovanju cikličnoga horizontalnog opterećenja u ravnini uz konstantni pritisak. Kod običnih je zidova došlo do otkazivanja nosivosti s pojavom karakterističnih ukriženih pukotina, dok se kod zidova ojačanih armiranobetonskom oblogom javlja prevrtanje krutoga tijela. Numerička analiza provedena je primjenom programa Diana 10.1 na makromodelima pri čemu je ziđe modelirano kao ortotropan i nelinearan heterogeni materijal koji može otkazati na smicanje, zatezanje ili pritisak.

INTRODUCTION Chondromas are rare mesenchymal benign tumors that are most often encountered in pelvis and ribs, and rarely in head and neck region. They account for about 10% of all benign chondroid proliferations and the rarest occurrence of soft tissue chondromas is within oral cavity. CASE A 10-year-old female patient was referred to our Clinic because of moderate speech impairment, swallowing disturbances and foreign body sensation in tongue. On clinical examination and MRI scans, hard, painless, clearly demarcated submucosal mass was observed on the left side of the tongue. Surgery was perfomed using intraoral incision approach, and the tumor was completly removed. Histopathological examination of the specimen was positive for chondroma. CONCLUSION Chondromas benign tumors of mature hyaline cartillage localized in soft tissues of head and neck region. Growing slowly, and painlessly, they remain silent for some period, until reaching certain dimensions, and becoming symptomatous. Magnetic resonance imaging scan provides complete information about localization, size, growth of the tissue, and contributes significantly to the decision of appropriate surgical approach.

The constitutive photomorphogenesis 9 (COP9) signalosome (CSN) is an evolutionarily conserved multi-protein complex, consisting of eight subunits termed CSN1-CSN8. The main biochemical function of the CSN is the control of protein degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome-system through regulation of cullin-RING E3-ligase (CRL) activity by deNEDDylation of cullins, but the CSN also serves as a docking platform for signaling proteins. The catalytic deNEDDylase (isopeptidase) activity of the complex is executed by CSN5, but only efficiently occurs in the three-dimensional architectural context of the complex. Due to its positioning in a central cellular pathway connected to cell responses such as cell-cycle, proliferation, and signaling, the CSN has been implicated in several human diseases, with most evidence available for a role in cancer. However, emerging evidence also suggests that the CSN is involved in inflammation and cardiovascular diseases. This is both due to its role in controlling CRLs, regulating components of key inflammatory pathways such as nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), and complex-independent interactions of subunits such as CSN5 with inflammatory proteins. In this case, we summarize and discuss studies suggesting that the CSN may have a key role in cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and heart failure. We discuss the implicated molecular mechanisms ranging from inflammatory NF-κB signaling to proteotoxicity and necrosis, covering disease-relevant cell types such as myeloid and endothelial cells or cardiomyocytes. While the CSN is considered to be disease-exacerbating in most cancer entities, the cardiovascular studies suggest potent protective activities in the vasculature and heart. The underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic avenues will be critically discussed.

Abstract The purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of perceived value dimensions (i.e., economic value, hedonic value, symbolic value, and social value) on behavioral intent to engage in collaborative consumption from the perspective of Generation Y. Furthermore, this research aims to investigate the mediating effect of young consumers’ attitude toward collaborative consumption on the relationship between perceived value dimensions and behavioral intent to engage in collaborative consumption. Research findings suggest that specific dimensions of perceived value (economic, hedonic, symbolic, and social) have different direct effects on young consumers’ behavioral intention to engage in collaborative consumption services. Regarding the mediating role of consumers’ attitude toward collaborative consumption, it was found that the mediating effect takes place only in the symbolic value-behavioral response link. Given the paucity of research focusing specifically on collaborative consumption from the perspective of Generation Y, this study provides new and useful insights for researchers and managers.

The bacteria Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) have been identified in the extragastric tissues in the head and neck. The origin and pathogenicity of these bacteria in the head and neck are not known. Gastric reflux and nasal or oral routes are the possible modes of spread. In many sinonasal, pharyngeal, laryngeal, and middle ear disorders, laryngopharyngeal reflux has been identified as a contributing or causative factor. One possible mode by which laryngopharyngeal reflux may contribute is by seeding of the extragastric mucosa with H. pylori. The clinical significance of the discovery of H. pylori in extragastric tissues in the head and neck is unclear. There is no evidence of a pathologic or active role of H. pylori in otorhinolaryngological disorders. The suggestion that the sinonasal cavities and pharynx may serve as a reservoir for H. pylori and that reinfection of the stomach occurs after eradication therapy awaits further studies for confirmation. No connection was observed between H. pylori found in the stomach and H. pylori found in the head and neck. Also, these bacteria, found in the head and neck tissues, may be accidental or innocent bystanders that do not affect the pathways of otolaryngological and gastroduodenal diseases. This review examines the evidence for a possible relationship of H. pylori with otorhinolaryngological diseases.